Effects of remote ischemic postconditioning on HIF-1α and other markers in on-pump cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data about the effects of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plasma levels after on-pump cardiac surgery (OPCS). This study aimed to measure the effects of RIPostC on postoperative HIF-1α plasma levels, cardiac markers and arterial oxygenation in patients undergoing OPCS. METHODS: This single-centre randomized, double blind, controlled trial, enrolled 70 patients (35 control and 35 RIPostC). RIPostC was performed by 3 cycles (5 min of ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion) administered in upper arm immediately after the pump period. The primary outcome was to measure HIF-1α plasma levels: before surgery (T0), and 2 h (T1), 8 h (T2), 24 h (T3), 36 h (T4) and 48 h (T5) after RIPostC. As secondary endpoint, Troponin T, CK-MB, CPK plasma levels and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were measured. RESULTS: HIF-1α plasma levels were increased at T1-T3 compared to T0 in both groups (P < 0.001). In the RIPostC group HIF-1α increased compared to the control group: differences between means (95% CI) were 0.034 (0.006-0.06) P = 0.019 at T1; 0.041 (0.013-0.069) P = 0.005 at T2; and 0.021 (0.001-0.042) P = 0.045 at T3. PaO2/FiO2 was higher in the RIPostC group than in the control group: at T3, T4 and T5. Moreover, Troponin T, CK-MB and CPK values decreased in the RIPostC group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: HIF-1α plasma levels increased in control patients during for at least 36 h after OPCS. RIPostC resulted in even higher HIF-1α levels during at least the first 24 h and improved arterial oxygenation and cardiac markers.

Limb Ischemic Conditioning Induces Oxidative Stress Followed by a Correlated Increase of HIF-1α in Healthy Volunteers.

BACKGROUND: Local and remote ischemic preconditioning has been used as a protective intervention against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in several preclinical and clinical studies. However, its physiological mechanisms are not completely known. I/R increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which also serve as messengers for a variety of functions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is probably the most important transcription factor mediator of hypoxic signaling. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that limb ischemic conditioning (LIC) induces a local oxidative/nitrosative stress and a correlated increase of HIF-1α plasma levels. METHODS: An observational, prospective, and single-center study has been conducted in 27 healthy volunteers. LIC was applied: three cycles (5 min of ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion) using an ischemia cuff placed on the upper left arm. Time course of 8-isoprostane, nitrite, and HIF-1α levels was measured in blood plasma. Venous blood was sampled from the left arm before tourniquet inflation (basal) and after LIC: 1 min and 2 hr for 8-isoprostane and nitrite; and 1 min, 2 hr, 8 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr for HIF-1α. RESULTS: After LIC, we have found an early increase of 8-isoprostane and nitrite. HIF-1α increased at 2 and 8 hr after LIC. We found a direct correlation between HIF-1α and 8-isoprostane and nitrite plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that LIC induces an early oxidative/nitrosative stress in the arm followed by an increase of HIF-1α plasma levels correlated with 8-isoprostane and nitrite levels, possibly as a local response.

Tuberculosis ganglionar peripancreática primaria como diagnóstico diferencial de neoplasia pancreática / Primary peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia

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Hiperplasia estromal seudoangiomatosa. Una lesión de la mama infrecuente y de presentación variable / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. A rare breast lesion with variable presentation

La hiperplasia estromal seudoangiomatosa es una lesión mamaria poco frecuente y de carácter benigno. Se caracteriza por un sobrecrecimiento de tejido conectivo fibroso que produce numerosos espacios que semejan estructuras vasculares. Generalmente afecta a mujeres en edad reproductiva, aunque se ha descrito en pacientes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 75 años. Puede presentarse bien como un hallazgo incidental en el estudio histológico tras una cirugía por patología benigna o maligna, bien como una tumoración mamaria indolora, simulando un fibroadenoma, o bien como una gigantomastia o deformidad que se hace más evidente al tener en cuenta la mama contralateral. La biopsia percutánea guiada por ecografía permite detectar la naturaleza de la lesión con certeza y descartar patología maligna, como el angiosarcoma de bajo grado. El tratamiento es quirúrgico y abarca tanto la exéresis quirúrgica de la lesión como la mastectomía con reconstrucción protésica. Se describe una serie de 3 casos con diferente presentación clínica y tratamiento. El primer caso fue un hallazgo radiológico e histopatológico relacionado con una deformidad y asimetría mamarias, mientras que los 2 últimos casos se manifestaron como una tumoración mamaria palpable, única e indolora (AU)

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a rare benign mammary lesion. It is characterised by an overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue that produces numerous spaces resembling vascular structures. This lesion usually affects women of reproductive age but has been described in patients aged between 12 and 75 years. It may appear as an incidental finding in histological analysis after surgery for benign or malignant disease, either as a painless breast tumour, simulating a fibroadenoma, or as a gigantomastia or deformity that becomes more evident on comparison with the contralateral breast. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy allows definitive identification of the type of lesion and exclusion of malignant disease, such as low-grade angiosarcoma. Treatment is surgical and includes both surgical removal of the lesion and mastectomy with prosthetic reconstruction. We describe a series of three cases with different clinical presentations and treatment. The first case was a radiological and histopathological finding related to a breast deformity and asymmetry, while the remaining two cases presented as a palpable, single and painless breast tumour (AU)

Primary peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia.

Primary peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis is an exceptional entity in immunocompetent patients, but its incidence is increasing in developed countries in recent years due to increasing immigration. It usually presents as a pancreatic mass and is misdiagnosed as pancreatic neoplasia in most cases, with the diagnosis of tuberculosis occurring after surgery. We report the case of a 38 year old Pakistani man with abdominal pain of several months duration, who was initially diagnosed with a pancreatic neoplasm after detecting a mass in the pancreatic isthmus by computed tomography (CT) and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, after performing an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB), the patient was diagnosed with peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis. After receiving anti-tuberculous treatment, the patient presented clinical improvement, despite a small reduction in the lesion size. In conclusion, peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis is part of the differential diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) represents a valuable and useful diagnostic tool for detecting this pathology, avoiding surgeries with a high morbidity and mortality.