ABSTRACT
Las problemáticas que afectan la capacidad de las personas para desempeñarse adecuadamente en las interacciones sociales, tales como el trastorno de ansiedad social (Social Anxiety Disorder, SAD), constituyen un ámbito de estudio que ha cobrado gran interés, debido a la importancia que las relaciones sociales tienen en todas las áreas de desempeño de los seres humanos. Sin embargo, se observa una escasez generalizada de estudios sobre ansiedad social en países latinoamericanos, en parte, debido a la ausencia de instrumentos construidos o adaptados a la población general o a conjuntos específicos. En función de ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Fobia y Ansiedad Social- Forma Breve (SPAI- B) para su utilización en estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Los resultados evidenciaron propiedades psicométricas adecuadas de validez y confiabilidad y se aportó evidencia de validez de grupos contrastados y convergente. Se discuten las limitaciones del estudio y nuevas líneas de investigación. (AU)
As problemáticas que afetam a capacidade das pessoas para terem um desempenho adequado nas interações sociais, como o transtorno de ansiedade social (Social Anxiet Disorder, SAD), constituem um âmbito de estudo que ganhou grande interesse devido à importância que as relações sociais têm em todas as áreas de desempenho dos seres humanos. No entanto, há um déficit generalizado de estudos sobre ansiedade social em países latino-americanos, devido a uma ausência de instrumentos construídos ou adaptados à população geral ou grupos específicos. Com base nisso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventario de Fobia e Ansiedade Social - Forma Breve (SPAI- B) para sua utilização com estudantes universitários argentinos. Os resultados mostraram propriedades psicométricas adequadas de validade e fidedignidade e gerou evidência de validade de grupos contrastados e validade convergente. As limitações do estudo e novas linhas de pesquisa são discutidas. (AU)
The problems that affect people's ability to perform adequately in social interactions, such as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), constitute an area of study that has gained great interest, due to the importance that social relations have in all areas of performance of human beings. However, there is a general scarcity of studies on social anxiety in Latin American countries, partly because of the absence of instruments built or adapted to the general population or specific groups. Due to this, the objective of the present investigation was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Short form (SPAI - B) to be used in Argentine college students. The results showed appropriate validity and reliability psychometric properties and it also has been provided evidence of contrasting groups and convergent validity. The limitations of the study and new lines of research are discussed. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Interpersonal Relations , Anxiety/psychology , Students/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Phobia, Social/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents is considerably underdetected and undertreated despite the availability of efficacious treatments. Our main study objective was to examine brief, valid, and reliable screening measures for adolescent social anxiety, and to then conduct diagnostic interviews to evaluate the measures' ability to identify adolescents with SAD. METHODS: We examined 7 brief and valid social anxiety measures and compared their diagnostic accuracy with diagnoses established by a semistructured interview. The sample included 421 Spanish adolescents with and 613 without a clinical diagnosis of SAD. RESULTS: Data revealed that short social anxiety measures are accurate in detecting Spanish-speaking socially anxious adolescents. All questionnaires showed good or excellent discriminating ability, with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Brief (SPAI-B) having the best sensitivity and specificity values, respectively. Excellent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were found for most measures, except for the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory, which had good discriminatory ability. There was little statistical difference in the ability of the brief social anxiety measures to identify cases accurately, although the SPAI-B cutoff score yielded the best balance between sensitivity and specificity and the highest Youden Index. CONCLUSION: Overall, results suggest that brief measures for social anxiety symptoms can be effective in detecting SAD in Spanish-speaking adolescents. Depending on the purpose of the study, SAS-A may be especially useful for reducing false negatives and the SPAI-B for false positives.
Subject(s)
Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
La Inteligencia Emocional (IE) es un concepto que ha sido discutido durante décadas en Psicología pero no ha recibido apoyo empírico hasta hace pocos años, a pesar de ello parece que en las últimas décadas es-te concepto está suscitando mucho interés entre las diversas áreas de la Psicología. Con este creciente interés, el concepto de percepción de la Inteligencia Emocional está recibiendo mayor atención. Debido a interés mostrado en este concepto, este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar dos aspectos importantes del mismo: la medida de la percepción de la IE y las implicaciones que la percepción de la IE puede tener en adolescentes con un trastorno de Ansiedad Social (TAS). Este estudio explora un cuestionario muy utilizado para evaluar el PEI, llamado Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). La versión española reducida de dicho cuestionario (TMMS-24) y una serie de cuestionarios muy utilizados para evaluar el TAS fueron administrados a 425 adolescentes españoles. Los resultados del estudio corroboraron que el TMMS-24 posee buenas propiedades psicométricas en adolescentes y que el componente de regulación emocional parece que está involucrado en la ansiedad social (AU)
Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a concept that has been discussed for decades in Psychology but has received very little empirical study until recently. And with this growing interest, its accompanying concept, Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI), has also received more attention. It is due to this growing interest in PEI that this paper explores two important aspects of the PEI: the measurement of PEI and the implications PEI may have for adolescent anxiety disorder symptomology. This study explores a well-known questionnaire of PEI, namely the Trait Meta-Mood Scale questionnaire (TMMS). The Spanish shortened version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale questionnaire (TMMS-24) and a series of well-known questionnaires of Social Anxiety Disorder symptomology were administrated to 425 Spanish high-school adolescents. The results of this study corroborated that the TMMS-24 has good psychometric properties in adolescents, and that one of its three scales (Emotional Repair) appears to be involved in adolescent SAD symptomology (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Emotional Intelligence , Intelligence Tests , Anxiety/psychology , Risk Factors , Social Behavior Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Anxiety in young adults has recently been linked to reduced capacities to inhibit the processing of non-affective perceptual distractors. However, no previous research has addressed the relationship between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and the ability to intentionally inhibit no longer relevant memories. In an experimental study with adolescents diagnosed with SAD and matched nonclinical controls, a selective directed forgetting procedure was used to assess the extent to which anxious individuals showed lower memory impairment for to-be-forgotten information than their non-anxious counterparts. The results revealed that while the nonclinical sample group demonstrated the ability to selectively forget when instructed, the anxious adolescents demonstrated good memory for to-be-forgotten material and therefore failed to forget. Interestingly, more severe SAD symptomatology inversely predicted a degree of forgetting. We conclude that the main difference between socially anxious and non-anxious participants is specifically related to the ability to intentionally forget and could reflect cognitive functioning that is associated with vulnerability to anxiety. Impairment of the ability to make unwanted memories less retrievable could prompt some individuals to initiate or maintain anxiety disorders. Future psychological treatments could benefit from including modules on memory control training.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Inhibition, Psychological , Mental Recall , Adolescent , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Social BehaviorABSTRACT
Este trabajo presenta las propiedades psicométricas del "Inventario de ansiedad y fobia social-forma breve" (Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Brief form, SPAI-B) en jóvenes adultos estudiantes universitarios y analiza la viabilidad de su aplicación online. El estudio 1 incluyó 310 estudiantes universitarios. Se aplicaron el SPAI-B, la "Escala de miedo a la evaluación negativa, versión breve" (BFNE) y la "Escala de afecto positivo y negativo" (PANAS). Los resultados apoyaron la estructura original unidimensional del SPAI-B, su consistencia interna (0,89-0,94) y la validez concurrente con la BFNE (0,60) y con el afecto negativo (0,47). Las mujeres presentaron puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas que los hombres. En el estudio 2 participaron 76 estudiantes universitarios, que cumplimentaron el SPAI-B y la "Escala rasgo de metaconocimiento emocional" (TMMS-24) online. Esta aplicación resultó equivalente a la aplicación de lápiz y papel, mostrando una estructura factorial similar, valores de consistencia interna semejantes (0,92) y puntuaciones medias equivalentes. Los hallazgos de los estudios 1 y 2 apoyan la fiabilidad y validez del SPAI-B para la evaluación de la ansiedad social en población universitaria (AU)
This article describes the psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Brief form (SPAI-B) in college young adults and examines the feasibility of the Internet administration. Study 1 included 310 college students. The SPAI-B, the Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were administered. Results supported the original unidimensional structure of the SPAI-B, its internal consistency (0.89-0.94), and the concurrent validity, paired with BFNE (0.60) and negative affect (0.47). Women had significantly higher scores than men in the SPAI-B. For study 2, 76 college students completed the SPAI-B and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 Scale via Internet administration. Results indicated that the online administration was equivalent to traditional paper-and-pencil measure, showing similar factor structure, internal consistency (0.92) and mean scores. Taken together, the findings of studies 1 and 2 provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the SPAI-B for the assessment of social anxiety in college young adults
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Inventory , Social Behavior Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the Spanish version of the Slovenian-developed Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA; Puklek, 1997; Puklek & Vidmar, 2000) using a community sample (Study 1) and a clinical sample (Study 2). Confirmatory factor analysis in Study 1 replicated the 2-factor structure found by the original authors in a sample of Slovenian adolescents. Test-retest reliability was adequate. Furthermore, the SASA correlated significantly with other social anxiety scales, supporting concurrent validity evidence in Spanish adolescents. The results of Study 2 confirmed the correlations between the SASA and other social anxiety measures in a clinical sample. In addition, findings revealed that the SASA can effectively discriminate between adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and those without this disorder. Finally, cut-off scores for the SASA are provided for Spanish adolescents.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/diagnosis , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Anxiety/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Phobic Disorders/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , White PeopleABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze gender and age differences in adolescents' social anxiety in the factor scores of the Social Phobia subscale from the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SP-SPAI): Social Interactions, Focus of Attention, Cognitive and Somatic Symptoms and Avoidance and Escape Behaviors. The sample consisted of 2,543 students of Secondary Education between 12 and 17 years. Results are shown for the general sample (N= 2,543) and for the sample of adolescents classified as high social anxiety group (n= 317). Regarding the first group, girls obtained higher total scores on the Social Phobia scale and on all factors except for Avoidance and Escape (d= .32 - .35). Concerning the high anxiety group, the analyses revealed that boys avoid and escape from social situations more frequently than girls (d= .23). No age differences were found in the factor scores for any of the two samples.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Anxiety/psychology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Cognition , Female , Humans , Male , Sex Factors , Social PerceptionABSTRACT
Little is known about the factorial invariance across gender and age for self-report measures of social anxiety in adolescence. This study examined the factorial invariance and latent mean differences of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) across gender and age groups in 1570 Spanish adolescents (54% girls), ranging in age from 14 to 17 years. Equality of factor structures was compared using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. Measurement invariance for the correlated three-factor model of the SAS-A was found across gender and age samples. Analyses of latent mean differences revealed that girls exhibited higher means than boys on two SAS-A subscales, Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Avoidance and Distress-New (SAD-New). In addition, on the SAD-New subscale, the structured means significantly diminished from 14-year olds to 16- and 17-year olds and from 15-year olds to 17-year olds. Findings are discussed in terms of the use of the SAS-A with Spanish adolescents.
Subject(s)
Phobic Disorders/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Age Factors , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Factors , SpainABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias de género y edad en ansiedad social en la adolescencia a través de los factores que componen la subescala de Fobia Social del Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI): Interacciones Sociales, Foco de Atención, Respuestas Cognitivas/Psicofisiológicas y Conductas de Evitación y Escape. La muestra se compuso de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (E.S.O.) de 12 a 17 años. Los resultados se presentan para la muestra general (N= 2.543) y para una muestra de adolescentes clasificados como grupo de alta ansiedad social (n= 317). En la muestra general, las chicas presentaron puntuaciones más altas en la subescala de Fobia Social y en todos sus factores, excepto en Evitación y Escape (d= 0,32 - 0,35). El análisis de las puntuaciones factoriales en la muestra de alta ansiedad reveló que los chicos evitan y escapan de las situaciones sociales significativamente más que las chicas (d= 0,23). No se hallaron diferencias de edad en ninguno de los factores para ninguna de las dos muestras (AU)
The aim of this study was to analyze gender and age differences in adolescents social anxiety in the factor scores of the Social Phobia subscale from the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SP-SPAI): Social Interactions, Focus of Attention, Cognitive and Somatic Symptoms and Avoidance and Escape Behaviors. The sample consisted of 2,543 students of Secondary Education between 12 and 17 years. Results are shown for the general sample (N= 2,543) and for the sample of adolescents classified as high social anxiety group (n= 317). Regarding the first group, girls obtained higher total scores on the Social Phobia scale and on all factors except for Avoidance and Escape (d= .32 - .35). Concerning the high anxiety group, the analyses revealed that boys avoid and escape from social situations more frequently than girls (d= .23). No age differences were found in the factor scores for any of the two samples (AU)
