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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(4): 863-873, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-111164

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Una dieta saludable es especialmente importante durante la menopausia, periodo en el que aumenta el riesgo de varios problemas de salud. Analizamos la dieta de mujeres peri y postmenopáusicas españolas y el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones actuales. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en 3.574 mujeres de 45-68 años que acuden al cribado de cáncer de mama en 7 centros (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia y Zaragoza). Se recogió la dieta mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos validado para población española. Para la valoración del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones actuales se utilizaron los rangos recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria para ingesta de grupos de alimentos y las Ingestas Diarias Recomendadas (IDR) para energía, vitaminas y minerales de la Federación Española de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética. Resultados: El 29% de las mujeres eran obesas y un 42% tenía sobrepeso. El aporte calórico medio fue de 2.053 kcal (DE: 480). El perfil calórico general fue de: 43% de la energía aportada por lo carbohidratos, 36% por las grasas, 20% por las proteínas. Se evidenció una ingesta deficiente de vitamina D en todos los nodos del estudio, con una ingesta media general de 2,14 μg/día. Se detectó a su vez una ingesta deficitaria de vitamina E en A Coruña y Burgos. Todos los centros presentaron una ingesta elevada de productos lácteos y de legumbres. El consumo de frutas y verduras fue muy heterogéneo siendo especialmente elevada su ingesta en Mallorca y Valencia mientras que fue baja para ambos grupos de alimentos en A Coruña. La ingesta de aceite de oliva fue elevada en todos los centros exceptuando Burgos con un 74,3% de las mujeres estudiadas por debajo de las 3 raciones al día recomendadas. Conclusiones: Una dieta con menos grasas y proteínas y más rica en vegetales, frutos secos y alimentos ricos en hidratos de carbono equilibraría el balance energético y mejoraría la calidad de la dieta corrigiendo las bajas ingestas de vitaminas D y E. Estas recomendaciones son especialmente importantes en las ciudades más alejadas de la costa mediterránea donde se han detectado mayores incumplimientos de las recomendaciones vigentes y una dieta más alejada de la dieta mediterránea (AU)


Introduction: A healthy diet is especially important during menopause, a period which increases the risk of various health problems. We analyzed the diet of periand postmenopausal Spanish women and the degree of compliance with current recommendations. Material and methods: We studied 3574 women 45-68 years old who attended breast cancer screening programmes in 7 centres (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia and Zaragoza). Diet information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire validated for the Spanish population. For the assessment of compliance with current guidelines we used the recommendations by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition for food groups intake and by the Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics for energy, vitamins and minerals intake. Results: The 29% of women were obese and 42% overweight. The average caloric intake was 2.053 kcal (SD 480). The general energy profile was: 43% of the energy from the carbohydrates, 36% from fats, and 20% from proteins. There was a low vitamin D intake in all centres of the study, with an overall mean intake of 2.14 mg/day. A deficit of vitamin E intake in A Coruña and Burgos was also detected. Intake of dairy products and vegetables was high in all the study centers. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was very heterogeneous, with high intakes observed in Mallorca and Valencia and low for both food groups in A Coruña. The olive oil intake was high in all centers except Burgos with 74.3% of the women studied below the recommended 3 servings per day. Conclusions: A diet with less fat and protein and a higher consumption of vegetables, nuts and foods rich in carbohydrate might balance the energy intake and improve the quality of the diet correcting the low intakes of vitamins D and E. These recommendations are especially important in cities far from the Mediterranean coast where more breaches have been detected over the current recommendations with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/diet therapy , Diet, Mediterranean/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Behavior , Menopause , Dietary Vitamins/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 26(4): 863-73, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22470036

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A healthy diet is especially important during menopause, a period which increases the risk of various health problems. We analyzed the diet of periand postmenopausal Spanish women and the degree of compliance with current recommendations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 3574 women 45-68 years old who attended breast cancer screening programmes in 7 centres (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia and Zaragoza). Diet information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire validated for the Spanish population. For the assessment of compliance with current guidelines we used the recommendations by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition for food groups intake and by the Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics for energy, vitamins and minerals intake. RESULTS: The 29% of women were obese and 42% overweight. The average caloric intake was 2.053 kcal (SD 480). The general energy profile was: 43% of the energy from the carbohydrates, 36% from fats, and 20% from proteins. There was a low vitamin D intake in all centres of the study, with an overall mean intake of 2.14 mg/day. A deficit of vitamin E intake in A Coruña and Burgos was also detected. Intake of dairy products and vegetables was high in all the study centers. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was very heterogeneous, with high intakes observed in Mallorca and Valencia and low for both food groups in A Coruña. The olive oil intake was high in all centers except Burgos with 74.3% of the women studied below the recommended 3 servings per day. CONCLUSIONS: A diet with less fat and protein and a higher consumption of vegetables, nuts and foods rich in carbohydrate might balance the energy intake and improve the quality of the diet correcting the low intakes of vitamins D and E. These recommendations are especially important in cities far from the Mediterranean coast where more breaches have been detected over the current recommendations with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Feeding Behavior , Nutrition Policy , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Avitaminosis/epidemiology , Diet, Mediterranean , Female , Geography , Humans , Mass Screening , Menopause/physiology , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Postmenopause/physiology , Spain/epidemiology
3.
Med. prev ; 13(3): 19-26, jul.-sept. 2007. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-60160

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de tabaquismo en el personal sanitario del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, y sus características, opiniones y hábitos en función del hábito de fumar y de la categoría profesional. Población y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal entre el personal sanitario (licenciados de Medicina y personal de Enfermería). La información se recogió mediante cuestionario autocumplimentado y administrado por un entrevistador entrenado. Resultados: El número total de encuestados fue de 401. La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue del 33,8%, mayor entre personal de enfermería (35,7%) que entre facultativos (30,3%) y en mujeres (35,7%) que en hombres (27m1%). La preocupación por las consecuencias del consumo de tabaco y del humo de tabaco ambiental sobre la salud se asoció con el hábito de fumar de los encuestados. Asimismo, éste se relacionó con la importancia concedida al consejo sanitario y el papel del profesional sanitario como modelo social. Alrededor del 10% fuma, ofrece y/o acepta tabaco en lugares prohibidos. Conclusiones: Es necesario reforzar las medidas para reducir la prevalencia de tabaquismo entre el personal sanitario, especialmente entre el personal femenino y de enfermería, grupo que presenta un mayor consumo y una menor conciencia del problema que supone el tabaco (AU)


Objectives: To assess smoking prevalence among health professionals at the Hospital Clinic San Carlos, and to get information about their characteristics, opinion and habits related to their tobacco consumption and professional category. Methods: A prevalence study was performed among health professionals (doctors and nurses). Information was gathered with a self-administered and interviewer questionnaire. Results: 401 questionnaires were evaluated. Smoking prevalence was 33,8%, higher in nursing graduates (35,7%) than in men (27,1%). The smoker condition was significantly associated to less concern about the fact of smoking and the environmental smoke effects against health. It was also associated to the importance given to the clinician advice to quit smoking, and the health professional role as a social model. Near 10% of total sample smoked, offered or accepted tobacco in not allowed places. Conclusions. It is mandatory to reduce smoking prevalence among HCSC´s health professionals, especially among women and nursing staff (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Smoking/epidemiology , Hospital Statistics , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Staff/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age of Onset , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
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