Migrant women caregivers' experiences in end-of-life formal care.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and understand the experience of Latin American migrant women as caregivers of elderly people in situations of advanced illness and end of life. METHOD: Qualitative study using Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology. Data were collected in 2019 through 9 semi-structured interviews with Latin American women caregivers, who had cared for people at the end of life, in the Province of Granada (Spain). RESULTS: Two themes emerged: "Migrant caregiver at the end of life" and "And now, what should I do?": the impact of the loss at the economic, emotional and labor level. CONCLUSION: Care during the end of life of the cared person generates an additional overload to the situation of migrant women. The experience of this stage is related to the bond with the persons cared and their families, which may affect the development of complicated grief and personal problems related to the loss of employment and the absence of economic support.

Migrant women caregivers' experiences in end-of-life formal care / Experiências de mulheres migrantes cuidadoras em cuidados formais no final da vida / Experiencias de cuidadoras migrantes en el cuidado formal al final de la vida

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe and understand the experience of Latin American migrant women as caregivers of elderly people in situations of advanced illness and end of life. Method: Qualitative study using Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology. Data were collected in 2019 through 9 semi-structured interviews with Latin American women caregivers, who had cared for people at the end of life, in the Province of Granada (Spain). Results: Two themes emerged: "Migrant caregiver at the end of life" and "And now, what should I do?": the impact of the loss at the economic, emotional and labor level Conclusion: Care during the end of life of the cared person generates an additional overload to the situation of migrant women. The experience of this stage is related to the bond with the persons cared and their families, which may affect the development of complicated grief and personal problems related to the loss of employment and the absence of economic support.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever e compreender a experiência de mulheres migrantes latino-americanas, cuidadoras de idosos em situações de doença avançada e de fim da vida. Método: Estudo qualitativo baseado na fenomenologia hermenêutica de Gadamer. Os dados foram coletados em 2019 por meio de 9 entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres cuidadoras latino-americanas que cuidaram de pessoas no final da vida em Granada (Espanha). Resultados: Surgiram dois temas: "Cuidador migrante no fim da vida" e "E agora, o que eu faço?": o impacto da perda nos níveis econômico, emocional e de trabalho. Conclusão: O cuidado durante o fim da vida da pessoa cuidada gera uma sobrecarga adicional à situação das mulheres migrantes. A experiência dessa fase está relacionada ao vínculo com a pessoa cuidada e sua família, o que pode ter um impacto na elaboração de luto complicado e problemas pessoais relacionados à perda do emprego e à ausência de apoio econômico.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir y comprender la experiencia de las mujeres migrantes latinoamericanas como cuidadoras de personas mayores en situación de enfermedad avanzada y final de la vida. Método: Estudio cualitativo desde la fenomenología hermenéutica de Gadamer. Los datos fueron recogidos en 2019 mediante 9 entrevistas semiestructuradas a cuidadoras latinoamericanas, que hubieran atendido a personas al final de la vida en Granada (España). Resultados: Surgieron 2 temas: "Cuidadora migrante al final de la vida" e "Y ahora ¿qué hago?": El impacto de la pérdida a nivel económico, emocional y laboral. Conclusión: La atención durante el final de la vida de la persona cuidada genera una sobrecarga adicional a la situación de las mujeres migrantes. La vivencia de esta etapa se relaciona con el vínculo con la persona cuidada y su familia, que puede incidir en la elaboración de un duelo complicado y problemas personales relacionados con la pérdida de empleo y la ausencia de apoyo económico.

The Importance of Spirituality for Women Facing Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study.

Breast cancer remains significantly distressing and produces profound changes in women's lives. Spirituality is an important resource at the time of diagnosis and treatment decisions. This qualitative study aimed to explore the spiritual experience of women diagnosed with breast cancer and the considerations of spirituality in health care using the existential phenomenology approach. The sampling procedure was intentional, based on the study's exclusion and inclusion criteria. Forty women participated in individual interviews. The research was conducted in the outpatient clinic of a reference federal university hospital in South-Eastern Brazil. Throughout the research process, ethical principles were carefully followed. Five themes were identified: (1) meaning of spirituality-source of spiritual strength, (2) well-being in the relationship with God, (3) well-being in religious fellowship, (4) values and purpose of life-meaning in life, and (5) spirituality as a foundation to continue. Respect for patient's spiritual values was recognised as a fundamental principle in health care. Spirituality was revealed as a source of support during the complex process of being diagnosed with breast cancer. Thus, health care professionals that value and encourage spirituality are needed, favouring better patient response to the diagnosis.

Work environment factors in coping with patient death among Spanish nurses: a cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVE: to explore self-perception competence among Spanish nurses dealing with patient death and its relationship with work environment, evidence-based practice, and occupational stress. METHOD: a cross-sectional web-based survey collected information from a convenience sample of 534 nurses from professional Spanish Colleges who answered four validated questionnaires: Coping with Death Scale, Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, Perception of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Nursing Stress Scale. RESULTS: a total of 79% of the participants were women, the average age was 40 years old, 38% had a postgraduate degree and 77% worked in public health settings. Many nurses evaluated their work environment as unfavorable (66%), reported high occupational stress (83.5±14.9), and had high scores on knowledge/skills in EBP (47.9±11.3). However, 61.2% of them perceived an optimal coping (>157 score). The multivariate logistic model indicated positive associations with work environment and EBP characteristics (OR: 1.30, p=0.054; OR: 1.04, p=0.007; OR: 1.13, p<0.001, respectively) but negative associations with occupational stress and short work experience (OR: 0.98, p=0.0043; OR: 0.74, p<0.002, respectively). These factors explained 23.1% of the coping variance (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: although most nurses perceived optimal coping, the situation could be enhanced by modifying several contextual factors. The identification of these factors would improve the quality of end-of-life care by facilitating nursing management.

Work environment factors in coping with patient death among Spanish nurses: a cross-sectional survey / Fatores do ambiente de trabalho no enfrentamento da morte de pacientes entre enfermeiros espanhóis: uma pesquisa transversal / Factores del entorno laboral de los profesionales de enfermería relacionados con el afrontamiento del cuidado al final de la vida: encuesta transversal

Objective: to explore self-perception competence among Spanish nurses dealing with patient death and its relationship with work environment, evidence-based practice, and occupational stress. Method: a cross-sectional web-based survey collected information from a convenience sample of 534 nurses from professional Spanish Colleges who answered four validated questionnaires: Coping with Death Scale, Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, Perception of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Nursing Stress Scale. Results: a total of 79% of the participants were women, the average age was 40 years old, 38% had a postgraduate degree and 77% worked in public health settings. Many nurses evaluated their work environment as unfavorable (66%), reported high occupational stress (83.5±14.9), and had high scores on knowledge/skills in EBP (47.9±11.3). However, 61.2% of them perceived an optimal coping (>157 score). The multivariate logistic model indicated positive associations with work environment and EBP characteristics (OR: 1.30, p=0.054; OR: 1.04, p=0.007; OR: 1.13, p<0.001, respectively) but negative associations with occupational stress and short work experience (OR: 0.98, p=0.0043; OR: 0.74, p<0.002, respectively). These factors explained 23.1% of the coping variance (p<0.001). Conclusion: although most nurses perceived optimal coping, the situation could be enhanced by modifying several contextual factors. The identification of these factors would improve the quality of end-of-life care by facilitating nursing management.

Objetivo: explorar a capacidade de autopercepção entre enfermeiros espanhóis que lidam com a morte do paciente e sua relação com o ambiente de trabalho, a prática baseada em evidências e o estresse ocupacional. Método: pesquisa transversal pela internet coletou informações de uma amostra de conveniência de 534 enfermeiros das Faculdades Profissionais Espanholas que responderam a quatro questionários: Escala de Enfrentamento da Morte, Escala Ambiente de Trabalho da Prática de Enfermagem, Percepção da Prática Baseada em Evidências (EBP, acrônimo em inglês) e Escala de Estresse em Enfermagem. Resultados: 79% das participantes eram mulheres com média de 40 anos, 38% tinham pós-graduação e 77% trabalhavam em ambiente de saúde pública. Muitos enfermeiros avaliaram seu ambiente de trabalho como desfavorável (66%), relataram alto estresse ocupacional (83,5 ± 14,9) e altas pontuações em conhecimento/habilidades em EBP (47,9 ± 11,3). No entanto, 61,2% deles consideraram um enfrentamento ótimo (pontuação >157). O modelo logístico multivariado indicou associações positivas com o ambiente de trabalho e as características da EBP (OR: 1,30, p = 0,054; OR: 1,04, p = 0,007; OR: 1,13, p < 0,001, respectivamente), mas negativas com estresse ocupacional e curta experiência de trabalho (OR: 0,98, p = 0,0043; OR: 0,74, p < 0,002, respectivamente). Esses fatores explicaram 23,1% da variância de enfrentamento (p < 0,001). Conclusão: embora a maioria dos enfermeiros considerasse um enfrentamento ótimo, a situação poderia ser melhorada pela modificação de vários fatores contextuais. A identificação desses fatores melhoraria a qualidade da assistência no final da vida, facilitando a gestão da enfermagem.

Objetivo: explorar el afrontamiento autopercibido por los profesionales españoles de enfermería para trabajar con pacientes moribundos y su relación con el entorno laboral, la práctica clínica y el estrés ocupacional. Método: estudio observacional transversal vía internet de una muestra de conveniencia con 534 enfermeros reclutados a través de colegios profesionales españoles que respondieron a cuatro cuestionarios validados: Escala de Afrontamiento de la Muerte, Entorno de la Práctica Enfermera, Práctica Basada en la Evidencia en Enfermería (PBE) y Escala de Estrés para Enfermería. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres (79%), de 40 años de media, con estudios de posgrado (38%) y trabajando en el sistema público (77%). Gran parte evaluó su ambiente de trabajo como desfavorable (66%), mostrando estrés ocupacional (83,5 ± 14,9) y altas puntuaciones en conocimiento/habilidades-PBE (47,9 ± 11,3). Sin embargo, el 61,2% autopercibía un afrontamiento óptimo (> 157 puntos). El análisis de regresión logística multivariante mostró que el afrontamiento se asociaba positivamente con el entorno laboral y dos subescalas-PBE (OR: 1,30, p= 0,054; OR: 1,04, p= 0,007; OR: 1,13, p <0,001, respectivamente), pero negativamente con el estrés ocupacional y la poca experiencia laboral (OR: 0,98, p= 0,0043; OR: 0,74, p <0,002, respectivamente). Estos factores explicaban el 23,1% de la varianza (p <0.001). Conclusión: aunque la mayoría de los enfermeros percibían un afrontamiento óptimo, la situación podría mejorarse modificando algunos factores. La identificación de estos factores mejoraría la calidad de la atención de los pacientes al final de la vida, facilitando la gestión de enfermería.

Cultural Adaptation, Validation, and Analysis of the Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale for Use with Spanish Nurses.

The aim of the present study is to validate the Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale (SEPC) in Spanish nursing professionals and students, to describe their levels of self-efficacy, and to determine the influencing factors. A validation study and a cross-sectional descriptive study were carried out, with the data analysed using contrast tests and multiple linear regression; 552 nurses and 440 nursing students participated. The Spanish version consists of 23 items and has a high degree of reliability (α = 0.944). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed one additional factor (i.e., management of psychosocial and spiritual aspects) in comparison to the original scale. Contrast tests revealed that the mean SEPC score was higher in professionals than in students (p < 0.001) and that the professionals who had higher levels of self-efficacy were older (p < 0.001), had more previous training (p < 0.001), and had more experience in end-of-life care (p = 0.001). The linear analysis results confirm a significant association between age and previous training in end-of-life care. The Spanish version of the SEPC is a reliable tool for both nursing professionals and students. The level of self-efficacy of both groups is moderate and is influenced by age, experience, and training in end-of-life care.

Level of Cultural Self-Efficacy of Colombian Nursing Professionals and Related Factors.

PURPOSE: To describe the level of cultural self-efficacy of Colombian nursing professionals and determine the main influencing factors. METHOD: A descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 211 nursing professionals selected by systematic random sampling for a finite population, using the Colombian version of the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale. After descriptive statistical analysis, nonparametric tests were applied to determine between-variable associations, followed by multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale score was 2.58. An association with sex and age ( p < .05) was observed in regression analysis. The mean score for knowledge of cultural concepts was 3.20 and associated with age, years of experience, educational level, and cross-cultural experiences ( p < .05). The mean score for confidence in performing cultural nursing skills was 3.29. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The cultural self-efficacy level of this sample of nursing professionals, with their consequent capacity to provide culturally competent care, is moderate and is associated with sex and age. Confidence in knowledge of cultural concepts is affected by age, educational level, years of experience, and cross-cultural experiences. This evidence supports the implementation of changes to improve the cultural knowledge and therefore cultural self-efficacy of these professionals.

Application of Merleau-Pontyan perspective on the physical and psychological implications of venous ulcers.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the application of the Merleau-Pontyan perspective on the physical and psychological implications of chronic venous ulcers in the existence of people who experience the disease. METHOD: a qualitative study, of the descriptive phenomenological type, developed with 36 patients. The field of investigation was the Outpatient Clinic of Wound Repair of the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro. The collection occurred from June to December 2016, through a phenomenological interview. RESULTS: the experiences inherent in people who have venous ulcers pass through the world and "return" to the body itself, reflecting on the biopsychosocial aspects and the sensitivity left on the being. CONCLUSION: the biological characteristics of the subject affected by the venous ulcer have repercussions on their physical aspect, promoting influences along with the emotional and social changes originating from the clinical picture on the social aspects and consequently reverberating on the quality of life of this individual.

Application of Merleau-Pontyan perspective on the physical and psychological implications of venous ulcers / Aplicación de la perspectiva Merleau-Pontiana sobre las implicaciones físicas y psicológicas de las úlceras venosas / Aplicação da perspectiva Merleau-Pontiana sobre implicações físicas e psicológicas das úlceras venosas

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the application of the Merleau-Pontyan perspective on the physical and psychological implications of chronic venous ulcers in the existence of people who experience the disease. Method: a qualitative study, of the descriptive phenomenological type, developed with 36 patients. The field of investigation was the Outpatient Clinic of Wound Repair of the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro. The collection occurred from June to December 2016, through a phenomenological interview. Results: the experiences inherent in people who have venous ulcers pass through the world and "return" to the body itself, reflecting on the biopsychosocial aspects and the sensitivity left on the being. Conclusion: the biological characteristics of the subject affected by the venous ulcer have repercussions on their physical aspect, promoting influences along with the emotional and social changes originating from the clinical picture on the social aspects and consequently reverberating on the quality of life of this individual.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la aplicación de la perspectiva Merleau-Pontiana sobre las implicaciones físicas y psicológicas de las úlceras venosas crónicas en la existencia de las personas que experimentan la enfermedad. Método: estudio de abordaje cualitativo, del tipo fenomenológico descriptivo, desarrollado con 36 pacientes. El campo de investigación fue el Ambulatorio de Reparación de Heridas del Hospital Universitario Antônio Pedro. La recolección ocurrió de junio a diciembre de 2016, por medio de una entrevista fenomenológica. Resultados: las experiencias vivenciales inherentes a las personas que poseen las úlceras venosas atravesan por el mundo y "retornan" al cuerpo propio, reflexionando sobre los aspectos biopsicosociales y sobre la sensibilidad que reposa sobre el ser. Conclusión: la característica biológica del sujeto acometido por la úlcera venosa repercutirá sobre su aspecto físico, promoviendo influencias junto a las alteraciones emocionales y sociales oriundas del cuadro clínico sobre los aspectos sociales y consecuentemente reverberando sobre la calidad de vida de este individuo.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a aplicação da perspectiva Merleau-Pontiana sobre as implicações físicas e psicológicas das úlceras venosas crônicas na existência das pessoas que vivenciam a doença. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo fenomenológico descritivo, desenvolvido com 36 pacientes. O campo de investigação foi o Ambulatório de Reparo de Feridas do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro. A coleta ocorreu de junho a dezembro de 2016, por meio de uma entrevista fenomenológica. Resultados: as experiências vivenciais inerentes às pessoas que possuem as úlceras venosas perpassam pelo mundo e "retornam" ao corpo próprio, refletindo sobre os aspectos biopsicossociais e sobre a sensibilidade que repousa sobre o ser. Conclusão: a característica biológica do sujeito acometido pela úlcera venosa repercutirá sobre seu aspecto físico, promovendo influências juntamente às alterações emocionais e sociais oriundas do quadro clínico sobre os aspectos sociais e consequentemente reverberando sobre a qualidade de vida deste indivíduo.

Impact of venous ulcers on patients' quality of life: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze knowledge gathered about the impact of venous ulcers on patients' quality of life. METHOD: Systematic bibliographic review study with an integrative approach. Databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, Scopus, and CUIDEN Plus were used for selection with the PICOT guiding criteria, through the DeCS and MeSH: adult, aged, varicose ulcer, and quality of life, in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. The inclusion criteria were: full original articles available in the databases selected with adherence to the theme in Portuguese, Spanish, and English, published from 2007 to 2016. RESULTS: The sample included 14 national and international articles with different methodological approaches and investigative contexts, published from 2012 to 2016. CONCLUSION: Chronic venous ulcers act on patients' bio-psycho-social-spiritual and socioeconomic spheres, having a negative impact on their quality of life.

Impact of venous ulcers on patients' quality of life: an integrative review / Impacto de las úlceras venosas en la calidad de vida de los pacientes: revisión integrativa / Impacto das úlceras venosas na qualidade de vida dos pacientes: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze knowledge gathered about the impact of venous ulcers on patients' quality of life. Method: Systematic bibliographic review study with an integrative approach. Databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, Scopus, and CUIDEN Plus were used for selection with the PICOT guiding criteria, through the DeCS and MeSH: adult, aged, varicose ulcer, and quality of life, in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. The inclusion criteria were: full original articles available in the databases selected with adherence to the theme in Portuguese, Spanish, and English, published from 2007 to 2016. Results: The sample included 14 national and international articles with different methodological approaches and investigative contexts, published from 2012 to 2016. Conclusion: Chronic venous ulcers act on patients' bio-psycho-social-spiritual and socioeconomic spheres, having a negative impact on their quality of life.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las producciones de conocimiento sobre el impacto de las úlceras venosas en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Método: Estudio de revisión bibliográfica sistemática, tipo integrativa. Para la selección, se utilizaron las bases de datos MEDLINE; LILACS; IBECS; CINAHL Complete; Web of Science; Scopus y CUIDEN Plus, con criterios orientadores PICOT; mediante DECs y MeSH: adulto, anciano, úlcera varicosa y calidad de vida, en portugués, español e inglés. Fueron criterios de inclusión: artículos originales integralmente disponibles en las citadas bases, referentes a la temática, en idiomas Portugués, Español e Inglés, publicados entre los años 2007 y 2016. Resultados: La muestra incluyó 14 artículos nacionales e internacionales con diversos abordajes metodológicos y contextos de investigación, en publicaciones realizadas desde 2012 hasta 2016. Conclusión: Las úlceras venosas crónicas actúan sobre las esferas biopsicoespiritual y socioeconómica de los pacientes, con repercusiones negativas en la calidad de vida.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as produções de conhecimento sobre o impacto das úlceras venosas na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Método: estudo de revisão bibliográfica sistemática, do tipo integrativa. Utilizaram-se, para seleção, as bases de dados MEDLINE; LILACS; IBECS; CINAHL Complete; Web of Science; Scopus e CUIDEN Plus, pelos critérios orientadores PICOT; através do DECs e MeSH: adulto, idoso, úlcera varicosa e qualidade de vida, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais disponibilizados na íntegra, nas bases de dados selecionadas, com aderência à temática nos idiomas Português, Espanhol e Inglês, publicados entre os anos de 2007 e 2016. Resultados: a amostra incluiu 14 artigos nacionais e internacionais com diversas abordagens metodológicas e contextos investigativos, publicados entre os anos de 2012 e 2016. Conclusão: as úlceras venosas crônicas atuam sobre as esferas biopsicoespiritual e socioeconômica dos pacientes, repercutindo negativamente sobre a qualidade de vida.

Abordagem transcultural da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com câncer / Transcultural approach to the health-related quality of life of cancer patients

Objetivo: comparar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico no Brasil e na Espanha. Métodos: estudo transversal, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu no Hospital de Câncer e Hospital Universitário, com os instrumentos de caracterização sociodemográfica European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30. Resultados: nos dois países predominaram sexo feminino, cor branca, estado civil casado, escolaridade fundamental, religião católica e a profissão não qualificados. Os escores de Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde no Estado Geral de Saúde e as funções de Desempenho de papel e cognitiva foram maiores na amostra brasileira, enquanto que os sintomas de fadiga, dor, dispneia, insônia e diarreia foram mais presentes na população espanhola, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão: a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde foi melhor entre os brasileiros. (AU)

Quality of life of Brazilian and Spanish cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: an integrative literature review.

OBJECTIVE: characterize the scientific production of Brazil and Spain in regard to methodological aspects and aspects of health-related quality of life experienced by cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in both countries. METHOD: integrative literature review was conducted using the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and CUIDEN and the electronic libraries PubMed and SciELO, conducted in September 2013. RESULTS: a total of 28 papers met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis of knowledge was presented in three categories of analysis: assessment of quality of life in different types of cancer; sociodemographic factors that influenced quality of life; and type of cancer and interventions that improve quality of life. Chemotherapy affects health-related quality of life and the most important factors were: age, sex, chemotherapy protocol, type of surgery, stage of the disease, educational level, and emotional intelligence. Complementary therapies such as acupuncture, guided visualization, prayers and exercise were positive and reduced side effects. CONCLUSION: the results showed a poor level of evidence, since 86% of the studies were cross-sectional descriptive studies; the instrument most frequently used to measure health-related quality of life was EORTC QLQ C-30 and more studies were conducted in Brazil than in Spain.

Palliative care team visits. Qualitative study through participant observation.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical encounters that occur when a palliative care team provides patient care and the features that influence these encounters and indicate whether they are favorable or unfavorable depending on the expectations and feelings of the various participants. METHODS: A qualitative case study conducted via participant observation. A total of 12 observations of the meetings of palliative care teams with patients and families in different settings (home, hospital and consultation room) were performed. The visits were follow-up or first visits, either scheduled or on demand. Content analysis of the observation was performed. RESULTS: The analysis showed the normal follow-up activity of the palliative care unit that was focused on controlling symptoms, sharing information and providing advice on therapeutic regimens and care. The environment appeared to condition the patients' expressions and the type of patient relationship. Favorable clinical encounter conditions included kindness and gratitude. Unfavorable conditions were deterioration caused by approaching death, unrealistic family objectives and limited resources. CONCLUSION: Home visits from basic palliative care teams play an important role in patient and family well-being. The visits seem to focus on controlling symptoms and are conditioned by available resources.

OBJETIVOS: Conocer cómo se produce el encuentro clínico en la atención a los enfermos por parte de un equipo de Cuidados Paliativos, y qué elementos lo condicionan, indicando si son favorables o desfavorables en función de las expectativas y los sentimientos de los distintos participantes. MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos cualitativo, realizado mediante observación participante. Se realizaron 12 observaciones de los encuentros de los equipos de cuidados paliativos con los pacientes y familiares en diferentes entornos (domicilio, hospital y consulta). El tipo de visitas fueron de seguimiento o primera visita, programadas o a demanda. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las observaciones. RESULTADOS: El análisis mostró una actividad normal de seguimiento de una unidad de cuidados paliativos centrada en el control de síntomas, la comunicación de información y el asesoramiento sobre pautas terapéuticas y cuidados. Se observó que los escenarios condicionan la expresión de los pacientes y el modo de relación. Como condiciones favorables del encuentro clínico destacan la afabilidad y la gratitud. Las condiciones desfavorables fueron el deterioro por la cercanía de la muerte, los objetivos poco realistas de los familiares y la escasez de recursos. CONCLUSIÓN: Las visitas domiciliarias de equipos básicos en Cuidados Paliativos tienen un importante papel, y parecen estar centradas en el control de síntomas y condicionadas por los recursos disponibles.

Palliative care team visits: Qualitative study through participant observation / Las visitas de equipos de cuidados paliativos: Estudio cualitativo mediante observación participante

Objectives: To describe the clinical encounters that occur when a palliative care team provides patient care and the features that influence these encounters and indicate whether they are favorable or unfavorable depending on the expectations and feelings of the various participants. Methods: A qualitative case study conducted via participant observation. A total of 12 observations of the meetings of palliative care teams with patients and families in different settings (home, hospital and consultation room) were performed. The visits were follow-up or first visits, either scheduled or on demand. Content analysis of the observation was performed. Results:The analysis showed the normal follow-up activity of the palliative care unit that was focused on controlling symptoms, sharing information and providing advice on therapeutic regimens and care. The environment appeared to condition the patients' expressions and the type of patient relationship. Favorable clinical encounter conditions included kindness and gratitude. Unfavorable conditions were deterioration caused by approaching death, unrealistic family objectives and limited resources. Conclusion: Home visits from basic palliative care teams play an important role in patient and family well-being. The visits seem to focus on controlling symptoms and are conditioned by available resources.

Objetivos: Conocer cómo se produce el encuentro clínico en la atención a los enfermos por parte de un equipo de Cuidados Paliativos, y qué elementos lo condicionan, indicando si son favorables o desfavorables en función de las expectativas y los sentimientos de los distintos participantes. Métodos: Estudio de casos cualitativo, realizado mediante observación participante. Se realizaron 12 observaciones de los encuentros de los equipos de cuidados paliativos con los pacientes y familiares en diferentes entornos (domicilio, hospital y consulta). El tipo de visitas fueron de seguimiento o primera visita, programadas o a demanda. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las observaciones. Resultados: El análisis mostró una actividad normal de seguimiento de una unidad de cuidados paliativos centrada en el control de síntomas, la comunicación de información y el asesoramiento sobre pautas terapéuticas y cuidados. Se observó que los escenarios condicionan la expresión de los pacientes y el modo de relación. Como condiciones favorables del encuentro clínico destacan la afabilidad y la gratitud. Las condiciones desfavorables fueron el deterioro por la cercanía de la muerte, los objetivos poco realistas de los familiares y la escasez de recursos. Conclusión: Las visitas domiciliarias de equipos básicos en Cuidados Paliativos tienen un importante papel, y parecen estar centradas en el control de síntomas y condicionadas por los recursos disponibles.

Quality of life of Brazilian and Spanish cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: an integrative literature review / Qualidade de vida de pacientes brasileiros e espanhóis com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico: revisão integrativa da literatura / Calidad de vida de pacientes brasileños y españoles con cáncer en tratamiento de quimioterapia: revisión integradora de la literatura

Objective: characterize the scientific production of Brazil and Spain in regard to methodological aspects and aspects of health-related quality of life experienced by cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in both countries. Method: integrative literature review was conducted using the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and CUIDEN and the electronic libraries PubMed and SciELO, conducted in September 2013. Results: a total of 28 papers met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis of knowledge was presented in three categories of analysis: assessment of quality of life in different types of cancer; sociodemographic factors that influenced quality of life; and type of cancer and interventions that improve quality of life. Chemotherapy affects health-related quality of life and the most important factors were: age, sex, chemotherapy protocol, type of surgery, stage of the disease, educational level, and emotional intelligence. Complementary therapies such as acupuncture, guided visualization, prayers and exercise were positive and reduced side effects. Conclusion: the results showed a poor level of evidence, since 86% of the studies were cross-sectional descriptive studies; the instrument most frequently used to measure health-related quality of life was EORTC QLQ C-30 and more studies were conducted in Brazil than in Spain.

Objetivo: caracterizar a produção científica do Brasil e Espanha quanto aos aspectos metodológicos e aos aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, apresentados pelo paciente com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico dos dois países. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS e CUIDEN e bibliotecas eletrônicas PubMed e SciELO, realizado em setembro de 2013. Resultados: foram analisados 28 artigos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. A síntese do conhecimento foi feita por três categorias de análise: avaliação da qualidade de vida em diferentes tipos de câncer, fatores sociodemográficos que influenciaram a qualidade de vida e o tipo de câncer e as intervenções que melhoram a qualidade de vida. Evidenciou-se que o tratamento quimioterápico afeta a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, e os fatores que mais influenciaram foram idade, sexo, tipo de protocolo de quimioterapia, tipo de cirurgia, estádio da doença, nível de escolaridade e inteligência emocional. As terapias complementares, como acupuntura, visualização com imagem guiada, oração e exercícios, tiveram efeitos positivos na diminuição dos efeitos colaterais. Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram nível de evidências fraco, pois 86% dos estudos são descritivos de corte transversal, o instrumento de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde mais utilizado foi o EORTC QLQ C-30 e a produção foi predominantemente realizada no Brasil.

Objetivo: caracterizar la producción científica de Brasil y España en lo que se refiere a los aspectos metodológicos y a los aspectos de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud, presentados por el paciente con cáncer en tratamiento de quimioterapia de los dos países. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS y CUIDEN y bibliotecas electrónicas PubMed y SciELO, realizado en septiembre de 2013. Resultados: fueron analizados 28 artículos que atendieron los criterios de inclusión. La síntesis del conocimiento fue hecha por tres categorías de análisis: evaluación de la calidad de vida en diferentes tipos de cáncer, factores sociodemográficos que influenciaron la calidad de vida y tipo de cáncer y las intervenciones que mejoraron la calidad de vida. Se evidenció que el tratamiento de quimioterapia afecta la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud, y los factores que más influenciaron fueron edad, sexo, tipo de protocolo de quimioterapia, tipo de cirugía, estado de la enfermedad, nivel de escolaridad e inteligencia emocional. Las terapias complementares, como acupuntura, visualización con imagen guiada, oración y ejercicios, tuvieron efectos positivos en la disminución de los efectos colaterales. Conclusión: los resultados demostraron un nivel de evidencias débil, ya que 86% de los estudios son descriptivos de corte transversal; el instrumento de calidad de vida relacionado a la salud más utilizado fue el EORTC QLQ C-30; y la producción fue predominantemente realizada en Brasil.

Sufrimiento en infantes con enfermedad terminal: perspectiva de padres y profesionales / Sofrimento nas crianças com doença terminal: perspectiva dos pais e dos profissionais / Suffering in children experiencing a terminal disease: the perspective of parents and professionals

Diagnóstico de situação utilizando metodologia científica de natureza exploratória e descritiva (observação participada com tratamento estatístico descritivo) com objectivo de identificar as práticas de enfermagem na área da promoção de saúde durante uma consulta de enfermagem de saúde infantil. Das 31 consultas observadas (n=31) a maioria das observações ocorreu em crianças com idade inferior a 2 anos sendo os temas mais abordados a alimentação com utilização predominante de metodologia expositiva. Verificou-se ainda pouca utilização de suporte informacional e quando são utilizados reportam-se aos temas segurança e alimentação. A maioria dos prestadores de cuidados colocou questões e houve um reduzido registo da interacção prestador/criança existindo um dispêndio médio de 23 minutos por consulta. Face aos resultados e reflexão sobre os mesmos destaca-se como intervenção a elaboração de um manual de promoção de saúde com integração de aspectos teóricos e evidência científica de boas práticas nesta área.

Situation diagnosis using exploratory and descriptive scientific methodology (participant observation with descriptive statistical treatment) in order to identify nursing' practices in the area of health promotion during a nursing child health consultation. The 31 consultations observed (n = 31) showed that the majority of observations occurred in children younger than 2 years being the most discussed topic feed with predominant use of expository methodology. There was also little use of informational support and when used relate to the themes of security and nutrition. Most providers raised questions and there was limited registration of the interaction between provider and child with an expenditure averaging of 23 minutes per consultation. Given the results and reflecting about them stands out as intervention the construction of a health promotion manual with the integration of theory and evidence of good practice in this area.

Diagnóstico de situación con una metodología científica de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo (observación participante con tratamiento estadístico descriptivo) con el fin de identificar las prácticas de enfermería en el ámbito de la promoción de la salud durante la consulta de enfermería para la salud infantil. De las 31 consultas observadas (n = 31) se mostró que la mayoría de las observaciones se produjeron en niños menores de 2 años siendo que el tema más discutido és alimentación con el uso predominante de la metodología expositiva. Se verificó poca utilización de apoyo informativo y cuando se utilizan se refieren a temas de seguridad y nutrición. La mayoría de los proveedores ha hecho preguntas y se verifico reducido registro de la interacción proveedores/niños con un expendio promedio de 23 minutos por consulta. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados y reflectando en ellos se destaca como intervención la elaboración de un manual para la promoción de la salud con la integración de la teoría y la evidencia de las buenas prácticas en este ámbito.

[Suffering in children experiencing a terminal disease: the perspective of parents and professionals]. / Sufrimiento en infantes con enfermedad terminal: perspectiva de padres y profesionales.

Situation diagnosis using exploratory and descriptive scientific methodology (participant observation with descriptive statistical treatment) in order to identify nursing' practices in the area of health promotion during a nursing child health consultation. The 31 consultations observed (n = 31) showed that the majority of observations occurred in children younger than 2 years being the most discussed topic feed with predominant use of expository methodology. There was also little use of informational support and when used relate to the themes of security and nutrition. Most providers raised questions and there was limited registration of the interaction between provider and child with an expenditure averaging of 23 minutes per consultation. Given the results and reflecting about them stands out as intervention the construction of a health promotion manual with the integration of theory and evidence of good practice in this area.