ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Her-2/neu is an oncogen related with a poor prognosis and high agresivity when overexpressed in breast cancer. Main objective was analyze the frecuency of positivity or negativity ofller/neu in patients with breast cancer after surgery and their relationship with hormone receptors. We perfomed a longitudinal, retrospective, descriptive and observational trial in all patients included in the Patology Service with a determination of Her-2/neu and hormone receptors analysis, between January 1st 2007 and December 31 st 2009.We used descriptive stadistic and association tests with correlation coefficients. We analyze 893 patients. The age range was between 24 and 94 years. The 16.% of all cases overexpressed Her-2/neu (150 patients). The 4.8% (43 patients) were included in the FISII test resulting in 29 positives to Her-2/neu. There were a total of 179 cases overexpressed. Negative estrogen receptores cases were 23%, negative progesterone receptores cases were 28% and triple negative receptors cases were 19%. We analyzed independient variables with Student I resulting age with P = 0.294. We analyzed distribution variables with Pearson test resulting in negative estrogen receptors with a P = 0.0001 negative progesterone receptres with a P = 0.0001 and triple negative receptors P= 0.0001. Relationship between hormone receptors and Her-2/neu in proporlionaly inverse in other vvords when a high hormone receptors negativitvis present there is algo a Her-2/neu highly overexpressed.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Longitudinal Studies , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
The metalloproteinases (MMP) 11 and 12 have been shown to be expressed in cervical cancer (CC). In order to extend our previous results, these MMPs were evaluated in cervical precursor lesions. One hundred seventeen cervical scrapes: thirty-six normal, thirty-six low grade squamous lesions (LSIL), thirty-six high grade (HSIL), nine CC; and, also ninety-nine paraffin-embedded cervical lesions: fifteen normal cervices, thirty eight LSIL, sixteen HSIL, and five CC were collected. The samples were analyzed for relative expression by real time RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry assay. We were able to identify a relative increased expression of MMP11 in 75% and 78% from LSIL and HSIL samples, respectively. While MMP12 expression was 64% and 75% in LSIL and HSIL, respectively. Positive samples for MMP11 expression were also positive for MMP12 expression and also increased according to illness progression. In the tissues, MMP11 or MMP12 expression was observed in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells, while in the normal epithelium was absent. The reaction was always stronger for MMP12 than MMP11. MMP11 expression was present in 77% and 66% of LSIL and HSIL, while MMP12 expression was 73% and 68%. There was a relationship between MMP11 or MMP12 expression and HPV infection. Our data are showing a relationship between diagnostic of precursor lesions and the MMP11 and 12 expressions, suggesting that their expression could be an early event in the neoplastic lesions of the cervix and could have clinical significance.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 11/analysis , Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/analysis , Precancerous Conditions/enzymology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/enzymology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology , Chi-Square Distribution , DNA, Viral/analysis , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Human papillomavirus 16/genetics , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Matrix Metalloproteinase 11/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/genetics , Mexico , Neoplasm Grading , Paraffin Embedding , Precancerous Conditions/genetics , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tissue Array Analysis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Vaginal SmearsABSTRACT
During carcinogenesis it is known that growth factors and cytokines from stromal and inflammatory cells from the microenvironment promote angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. However, the participation of macrophages and mast cells in these processes is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mast cell and macrophage density with blood and lymphatic vessels in various stages of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Tissue sections from archival paraffin-embedded samples from cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) 1, 2, 3, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma were used. Immunohistochemical staining was done using the following antibodies: anti-LYVE-1; anti-CD31; anti-CD68, and anti-tryptase. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of macrophages in carcinoma in situ, a correlation between lymphatic vessels and macrophages in premalignant lesions CIN 2, and a correlation between mast cells and blood vessels in both CIN 2 and carcinoma in situ. In conclusion, our data underscore the importance of the recruitment of macrophages and mast cells in the development of tumor-associated blood and lymphatic capillaries.
