ABSTRACT
Angioedema is an edema of skin, mucosa, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tract, due to vascular permeability increase, resulting in plasma extravasation, which has been associated with multiple causes. We describe a case of a patient who was prescribed with enalapril and presented with symptoms suggestive of angioedema.
ABSTRACT
The Amplatzer septal occluder is one of several percutaneous devices used for the closure of secundum atrial septal defects. The main complications are related to the procedure, with infection being the least common. We present the case of a 67-year-old woman with a secundum atrial septal defect, who, 3 years after repair with an Amplatzer occluder, was admitted with sepsis and bacteraemia following recent hospitalization in an intensive care unit. Transoesophageal echocardiography showed the presence of a mobile echogenic structure in the left atrium suggestive of a vegetation. Few cases of late endocarditis involving the Amplatzer device have been reported, even though partial endothelization is one of the risk factors. There are no guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis or management of this complication. LEARNING POINTS: The Amplatzer septal occluder is one of several alternatives for the closure of atrial septal defects and has few related complications, with infection being the least common.Device-related endocarditis presents either early (<6 months) or late (>6 months).In our case, transoesophageal echocardiography played a key role in the diagnosis of late endocarditis.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Las interacciones entre las enfermedades cardiacas y las renales se han clasificado como síndromes cardiorrenales. La clasificación actual incluye cinco subtipos: insuficiencia cardiaca aguda que conduce a insuficiencia renal aguda (tipo 1), insuficiencia cardiaca crónica que conduce a insuficiencia renal (tipo 2), lesión renal aguda que conduce a insuficiencia cardiaca (tipo 3), enfermedad renal crónica que conduce a insuficiencia cardiaca (tipo 4) y afecciones sistémicas que conducen a insuficiencia cardiaca y renal (tipo 5) (tabla 1)1,2. En esta revisión discutimos la definición, la clasificación y la fisiopatología del síndrome cardiorrenal, enfocándonos en el manejo en fases agudas y su recuperación, al exponer la evidencia actualmente disponible de los diuréticos y la ultrafiltración, con el objetivo de intervenir de manera oportuna a nuestros pacientes al conocer las ventajas y las limitaciones de cada una de las estrategias de manejo en aras de reducir el riesgo de eventos clínicos, rehospitalización y muerte.
Abstract Interactions between heart and kidney disease have been classified as cardiorenal syndromes. The current classification includes five subtypes, which are: acute heart failure leading to acute kidney failure (type 1), chronic heart failure leading to kidney failure (type 2), acute kidney injury leading to heart failure (type 3), chronic kidney disease leading to heart failure (type 4) and systemic conditions leading to heart and kidney failure (type 5) (table 1)1,2. In this review, we discuss the definition, classification, pathophysiology, focusing on acute phases treatment and its recovery, exposing the actual evidence for diuretics and ultrafiltration in order to intervene in a timely manner, pointing out the main advantages and limitations of each of the available strategies of treatment in order to reduce the risk of clinical events, re-hospitalization and death.
ABSTRACT
Con la diseminación del Internet han cambiado las formas tradicionales de transmisión y adquisición del conocimiento en todas sus ramas; y la medicina, como una disciplina de constantes cambios, no ha sido ajena a esta tecnología. Tras el advenimiento de la informática, las ciencias biológicas y médicas han encontrado un medio eficiente para la globalización del conocimiento, lo cual ha mejorado el entrenamiento y la actualización de los estudiantes y profesionales de la medicina, y ha creado la necesidad de aumentar la eficiencia de estos medios de comunicación. Con el objetivo de facilitar el acceso a la información científica a través de medios informáticos han sido desarrolladas plataformas encargadas de recopilar la información en forma de bases de datos, las cuales pueden ser consultadas a través de otra tecnología emergente como los son los motores de búsqueda. Debido a que cada sitio Web tiene características específicas que le confieren ciertas fortalezas y debilidades, tanto el estudiante como el profesional médico deben reconocerlas, para así obtener el mayor provecho de su utilización...
Dissemination of Internet has changed traditional ways to transmit and acquire knowledge in every division; medicine, as a signature of constant challenges has not been isolated from this technology. After advent of informatics, biological and medical sciences have found an efficient way for knowledge globalization. This has improved the training and actualization of medical students and physicians; creating the urge to raise the efficiency of these channels of communication. With the aim to facilitate the access to scientific information through informatics ways, platforms have been developed to compile the information in form of databases, which can be access through other emerging technology such as search engines. Each web site has specific characteristics with strengths and weaknesses associated to them; medical students as well as physicians must be aware of this fact to properly take advantage of their use...
