Webliografía sobre salud para adolescentes y jóvenes / Webliography of health for adolescents and young people

Objetivos Identificar sitios web con información en castellano sobre salud de adolescentes y jóvenes, y evaluar su adecuación a códigos de conducta. Material y métodos Estudio transversal de adecuación a códigos de conducta de Web sobre salud de adolescentes y jóvenes, identificados de la misma manera como suelen buscar en Internet (buscadores). Tres evaluadores determinaron los sitios web independientemente a través de un cuestionario. Dimensiones: 1) cumplimiento global; 2) responsabilidad; 3) política editorial; 4) protección de datos; 5) autoría; 6) actualización; 7) accesibilidad, y 8) contenido. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se estimó el coeficiente κ para valorar la concordancia entre evaluadores. Resultados El 66,7% de los sitios web tenían proveedores españoles. Destacan con cumplimiento global alto 13 sitios web (30,9%): información para adolescentes de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (España), Centro de Salud Manuel Merino Alcalá de Henares (España), Federación de Planificación Familiar Estatal (España), Web de adolescentes de la Generalitat Cataluña (España), información para jóvenes de institutos de salud (Estados Unidos), información sobre mujeres adolescentes (Estados Unidos), información sobre diabetes tipo i de médicos y educadores (España), Portal sobre asma para profesionales (10 países), información para adolescentes del Grupo Puleva (España), información sobre bulimia y anorexia de la Comunidad de Madrid (España), salud y adolescencia de PulsoMed S. A. (España), Asociación Americana de Médicos de Familia (Estados Unidos) e información para jóvenes de la Caja de Salud de Mapfre (España). La dimensión más deficiente fue la de actualización de la información (el 57,1% con cumplimiento bajo) y la protección de datos personales (el 21% de los sitios web con cumplimiento bajo). Se observó un nivel de concordancia entre evaluadores “considerable”. Conclusiones e obtuvo un listado de sitios web con información sobre salud de adolescentes y jóvenes con variabilidad en la adecuación en códigos de conducta(AU)

Aims To identify health Websites in Spanish on adolescence and youth and to assess the adequacy of their codes of conduct. Methods Cross sectional study of the adequacy of codes of conduct, identified in the same way as young people tend to look on the Internet (search engines). Websites have been independently assessed using a questionnaire by 3 evaluators. Dimensions: 1) accountability, 2) transparency and honesty, 3) author, 4) editorial policy, 5) protection of personal data, 6) updating of information and accessibility. A descriptive analysis was performed and the kappa coefficient was estimated to assess the correlation between evaluators. Results A total of 66.7% of Websites had Spanish suppliers. There were 13 Websites (30.9%) with high compliance: Information for adolescents from the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (Spain), Health Center Manuel Merino Alcala de Henares (Spain), State Family Planning Federation (Spain), Webteens of the Generalitat Catalonia (Spain), Young Information Institutes Health (USA), Information on Female teenagers (USA), Information doctors and educators on type I diabetes (Spain), occupational asthma Portal (10 countries), teenage Information Puleva Group (Spain), Information bulimia and anorexia of the Community of Madrid (Spain), Health of adolescence PulsoMed, SA (Spain), American Association of Family Physicians (USA) and Information for young people from the Mapfre Health Fund (Spain). The worst dimension was updating of information (57.1% with low fullfilment) and protection of personal data, 21% with low fullfilment. The level of concordance between observers was considerable. Conclusions A list was obtained of websites with health information on adolescence and youth, with variability in adequacy in codes of conduct(AU)

[Webliography of health for adolescents and young people]. / Webliografía sobre salud para adolescentes y jóvenes.

AIMS: To identify health Websites in Spanish on adolescence and youth and to assess the adequacy of their codes of conduct. METHODS: Cross sectional study of the adequacy of codes of conduct, identified in the same way as young people tend to look on the Internet (search engines). Websites have been independently assessed using a questionnaire by 3 evaluators. Dimensions: 1) accountability, 2) transparency and honesty, 3) author, 4) editorial policy, 5) protection of personal data, 6) updating of information and accessibility. A descriptive analysis was performed and the kappa coefficient was estimated to assess the correlation between evaluators. RESULTS: A total of 66.7% of Websites had Spanish suppliers. There were 13 Websites (30.9%) with high compliance: Information for adolescents from the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (Spain), Health Center Manuel Merino Alcala de Henares (Spain), State Family Planning Federation (Spain), Webteens of the Generalitat Catalonia (Spain), Young Information Institutes Health (USA), Information on Female teenagers (USA), Information doctors and educators on type I diabetes (Spain), occupational asthma Portal (10 countries), teenage Information Puleva Group (Spain), Information bulimia and anorexia of the Community of Madrid (Spain), Health of adolescence PulsoMed, SA (Spain), American Association of Family Physicians (USA) and Information for young people from the Mapfre Health Fund (Spain). The worst dimension was updating of information (57.1% with low fullfilment) and protection of personal data, 21% with low fullfilment. The level of concordance between observers was considerable. CONCLUSIONS: A list was obtained of websites with health information on adolescence and youth, with variability in adequacy in codes of conduct.

Guías de práctica clínica en internet / Clinical practice guidelines on the Internet

No disponible

Models of intervention in menopause: proposal of a holistic or integral model.

OBJECTIVE: On the threshold of the third millennium, menopause has become a crucial social and health problem in developed countries. In the present work, we analyze possible healthcare strategies, describing their advantages and disadvantages within the context of different underlying conceptions of menopause. DESIGN: We have considered three theoretical frameworks or "menopause models": the biological model, the psychosocial model, and the holistic or integral model. Each model is examined under three subheadings: concept, contributions, and criticisms. RESULTS: The holistic model is proposed and defended as a valid option for the management of menopause. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of the holistic model by health personnel may improve the attention given to menopausal women. As characteristics of such a model, the following are important: (1) The positive vision of the climacteric transition as an opportunity for personal growth, (2) the biopsychosocial perspective of the phenomena responsible for the different effects on the level of health and quality of life of women, (3) the development of health policies focused on health promotion, (4) the protagonism of women through strategies based on self-care and self-help groups, and (5) individualized use of hormone replacement therapy.

[Study on feeding of infants]. / Estudio de la alimentación en el lactante.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feeding behaviour in infants, with regard to the duration of breast-feeding (BF), the beginning of artificial feeding (AF) and the introduction of complementary feeding (CF). DESIGN: Medical audit. Retrospective study. SETTING: Primary Care paediatrics. PARTICIPANTS: The 327 children born in 1994 and monitored by paediatricians from 4 Health Centres in Salamanca. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The mean duration of BF for the 327 children was 3.61 months, with 92.3% starting BF and 52.3% still doing it at 3 months. 30% began AF at birth; 33% between birth and 3 months; 29.6% between the third and sixth months; and 7.4% after 6 months. CF was started as follows: only 2.1% before 4 months; 92% had gluten introduced after 8 months, but only 1.2% before 6 months. 96.3% started on cow's milk after one year. CONCLUSIONS: Over 50% of children fed on breast milk for at least 3 months. Only 1.2% had gluten introduced before 6 months. 3.7% started on cow's milk before 12 months. 30% of children began AF at birth.

[10 years of cervix uteri cytologies in a health center]. / Diez años de citologías de cérvix uterino en un centro de salud.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results of the Papanicolaou cervical cytology test performed between 1986 and 1995. DESIGN: A descriptive and retrospective study. SETTING: Primary care, San Juan Health Centre, Salamanca. PARTICIPANTS: 1,271 women over 15 who had at least one smear during the study period. INTERVENTION: Review of clinical histories and cytology reports. RESULTS: 2,056 smears were carried out. 50% were on women < 35, for whom family planning was the main reason for the test. Only 31% of the women between 35 and 65 had a smear. 35% of the women recruited had a further cytology test. 56% had morphological or microbiological disorders, 43.1% were negative and only 0.9% could not be evaluated by the pathologist. There were benign morphological alterations in 48.4% and infections in 27.3%. Only 15 smears (0.7%), corresponding to 12 women (1.2%), had suspected malignity, with dysplasia confirmed in 3 cases (0.24%). CONCLUSIONS: There were few cases of cervical cancer detected with the methods followed at our centre. The effectiveness of the intervention should be improved by selective screening based on risk scales, setting up computerised systems of identification and the extension of the interval between smears to 5 years.