Crafts as a key factor in local development: Bibliometric analysis.

The role of crafts on a global level has accrued importance at present, both for developing countries and for rural development in general. Governments and institutions are increasingly trying to promote rural development to fight against the flight of the population from rural areas. Crafts is considered an important tool for local economic development and job creation. The goal of this study is to use bibliometric analysis to analyze the advances in research in the field of crafts and their influence on the development of rural communities. It also aims to identify the main lines of research that are currently being addressed as future trends. This analysis has provided a global, systematic and visual overview of the 1379 studies related to the role of crafts in the development of rural areas, published from 1954, year in which the first publication appeared, up to 2021. Growth trends have been identified in the number of articles published, magazines, authors, institutions and most productive countries. Results have shown that the most popular lines of research on this subject are those in which crafts are considered a source of income for local communities, particularly linked to tourism, job creation and sustainability in the first place; followed by research on the demographic and economic effects of new craft products and processes on rural areas; and those that consider crafts as a factor to mitigate poverty in the rural world. Therefore, the concept of handicrafts as a source of livelihood for poor rural regions is primarily emphasized.

On the modeling and optimization of two-phase olive-oil washing wastewater treatment and polyphenols recovery by ceramic tubular microfiltration membranes.

This research is focused on modelling and optimization of the performance of a 'green procedure' based on microfiltration (MF) technology, for recovery of high added-value antioxidant compounds (TACs) from two-phase olive-oil washing wastewater (OOWW) and its treatment. Concern of olive oil industry to improve the production process in line with Circular Economy is vital to make it respectful with the environment including the management of the generated effluents. Key operational factors of the MF process were studied, modelled and optimized by multifactorial statistical analysis. Box-Behnken design was implemented and data analyzed by ANOVA and interpreted by RSM methodology. MF flux was ulteriorly modelled by a second-grade quadratic fitting equation comprising the significant operating variables, being them pressure and tangential velocity. Optimized flow achieved 10962.4 L/hm2 at 8.5 bar, 4.2 L/min tangential velocity, ambient temperature (25 °C) and raw pH (5.13). Finally, multiple-response permitted to optimize up to 67% TSS rejection and minimum rejection of TACs of 22.9%, upon 3.57 bar, 4.2 m/s, 23.4 °C and effluent pH of 5.1, meaning the recovery of 77.1% of TACs from OOWW in the permeate stream, up to 1207.1 mg/L. Results show that the proposed process allows a reduction in energy consumption by using the raw effluent with unmodified pH and ambient temperature.

Experiencia comunitaria: la importancia de las redes comunitarias en el proceso de vacunación a pacientes dependientes en el Centro de Salud de Andorra (Teruel) / The importance of community networks in vaccinating dependent patients in health centres in Andorra

El objetivo del artículo ha sido explicar la metodología utilizada para organizar el proceso de vacunación de la COVID-19 a pacientes dependientes en el Centro de Salud de Andorra. Durante la pandemia ha destacado de forma notable la colaboración de redes comunitarias, tanto en el ámbito nacional como local, llevando a cabo las acciones y actividades necesarias para paliar y resolver los problemas derivados de la crisis sanitaria. En esta ocasión, debido a las limitaciones de la vacuna, que no puede movilizarse una vez diluida, se ha recurrido de nuevo a los recursos locales de la zona para organizar el proceso y transportar a los pacientes dependientes, la mayoría de ellos con movilidad reducida y con problemas para llegar al centro de salud para poder vacunarse debido a las barreras arquitectónicas que dificultan el acceso. En primer lugar, se ha seleccionado a los pacientes dependientes priorizando por grado de dependencia, según el índice de Barthel obtenido, teniendo en cuenta el número de dosis que se iban a recepcionar en los 2 días programados para vacunar. Se ha contactado con ellos y/o sus familiares/cuidadores para saber si acudirían por medios propios o a través del transporte adaptado y de este modo planificar horarios. En esta fase, y tras analizar los datos registrados de cada paciente, se ha observado un porcentaje alto del total de personas dependientes vacunadas en solo 2 días. Además, se ha conocido el alto grado de satisfacción tanto de los pacientes como de sus familiares con la organización y la colaboración de las redes comunitarias. (AU)

The aim of the article was to explain the methodology used to organize the COVID-19 vaccination process for dependent patients in Andorra Health Centre. During the pandemic, the collaboration of Community Networks both at national and local levels was notable. The actions and activities necessary to relieve and solve problems arising from the health crisis were performed. On this occasion, due to vaccine limitations which cannot be used once diluted, local resources in the area were again used to organize the process and transport dependent patients - most with reduced mobility and architectural barriers that hinder access to the Health Centre - to be vaccinated. First, dependent patients were selected prioritizing by degree of dependency, according to the Barthel Index obtained. The number of doses to be received in the two days scheduled to vaccinate were taken into account. Patients and/or their family member/caregiver were contacted to find out whether they would come by their own means or using adapted transport and thus plan schedules. In this phase and after analyzing the data recorded for each patient, a high percentage of all dependent patients vaccinated in just two days was observed. In addition, the high degree of satisfaction of both patients and their families with the organization and collaboration of community networks was ascertained. (AU)

Teràpies visuals I noves teràpies. Paper del pediatre d'atenció primària / No disponible

No disponible

Fluoride Exposure Affects Glutamine Uptake in Müller Glia Cells.

Fluoride, a pollutant present in contaminated ground water, oral care products, food, and pesticides, has deleterious effects in the structure and function of the central nervous system. Among the established neurological defects described in the exposed population, a reduced score in intelligence quotient tests in children of contaminated areas has gained attention over the past years. Maternal fluoride exposure during gestation decreases learning and memory abilities that correlate with a significant diminution of glutamate receptors expression. Since the involvement of glia cells in the maintenance and regulation of glutamatergic synapses is well-documented, in this contribution, we characterized the effect of fluoride exposure in the regulation of glia glutamine transporters. To this end, we used the Müller glia cell line, Mio-M1, and through the use of [3H]L-Glutamine uptake experiments and a Western blot approach, we demonstrate here the functional expression of system N of glutamine transporters, SNAT3 and SNAT5, in this model of human retina radial glia cells. Furthermore, these transporters interact with the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 1, in an activity-dependent manner. Fluoride treatment reduces glutamine uptake and cell membrane [3H]glutamine surface binding, in good correlation with a decrease in SNAT3 and 5 protein levels. These results demonstrate that glia cells respond to the presence of fluoride reducing glutamine mobilization and by these means decreases glutamate turnover suggesting a disruption of glutamatergic transmission.

Implicación de las enfermeras en la gestión de riesgos y la seguridad del paciente en Atención Primaria / Nursing involvement in risk and patient safety management in Primary Care

En un sistema sanitario de alta complejidad, la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la asistencia no solo dependen de las actuaciones de los profesionales a nivel individual, sino también de la interacción de estos con el entorno. La gestión de riesgos del sistema, por su carácter proactivo en la prevención de incidentes y las actuaciones dirigidas al equipo de profesionales, se presenta como clave para establecer una cultura de seguridad en los centros. Habitualmente son los enfermeros los que lideran estas estrategias de seguridad. A pesar de que la frecuencia de incidentes de seguridad en la Atención Primaria no es muy elevada, al ser en su mayoría prevenibles, las actuaciones en este nivel asistencial son muy efectivas. La certificación de servicios según la norma ISO9001:2008 está enfocada a la gestión de riesgos del sistema y su utilización para la certificación de los centros de salud está ayudando a crear una cultura de seguridad entre los profesionales (AU)

Patient safety and quality of care in a highly complex healthcare system depends not only on the actions of professionals at an individual level, but also on interaction with the environment. Proactive risk management in the system to prevent incidents and activities targeting healthcare teams is crucial in establishing a culture of safety in centres. Nurses commonly lead these safety strategies. Even though safety incidents are relatively infrequent in primary care, since the majority are preventable, actions at this level of care are highly effective. Certification of services according to ISO standard 9001:2008 focuses on risk management in the system and its use in certifying healthcare centres is helping to build a safety culture amongst professionals (AU)

Nursing involvement in risk and patient safety management in Primary Care. / Implicación de las enfermeras en la gestión de riesgos y la seguridad del paciente en Atención Primaria.

Patient safety and quality of care in a highly complex healthcare system depends not only on the actions of professionals at an individual level, but also on interaction with the environment. Proactive risk management in the system to prevent incidents and activities targeting healthcare teams is crucial in establishing a culture of safety in centres. Nurses commonly lead these safety strategies. Even though safety incidents are relatively infrequent in primary care, since the majority are preventable, actions at this level of care are highly effective. Certification of services according to ISO standard 9001:2008 focuses on risk management in the system and its use in certifying healthcare centres is helping to build a safety culture amongst professionals.

¿Está la morfometría de las manos relacionada con la edad de la menarquia? / Is the morphometry of the hands related to the age of menarche?

Antecedentes: La relación entre la longitud del segundo y cuarto dedo de las manos (ratio D2:D4) se ha relacionado con la exposición intrauterina a los andrógenos. Se define un patrón androgénico cuando la longitud del cuarto dedo es superior a la del segundo y el cociente es menor de 1. Este ratio se pone en relación con aspectos del desarrollo y la función reproductiva de los individuos, tales como la resistencia al ejercicio físico, el autismo, la concentración de espermatozoides o la esterilidad. Objetivo: Establecer asociación entre la ratio D2:D4 con la edad de la menarquia. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo sobre una población no seleccionada de 188 mujeres. Se recogen las longitudes de los dedos con un calibre digital, desde una imagen en papel obtenida con un escáner. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el test de correlación de Pearson, considerando significativo un valor de p<0,05. Resultados: El análisis de correlación entre los parámetros morfométricos de las manos y la edad de la menarquia, presentó relación estadísticamente significativa y directamente proporcional con la longitud del cuarto dedo en ambos manos. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos indican una relación entre el perfil androgénico de la morfometría de las manos y el retraso de la menarquia. Este hecho constituye un inicio en la búsqueda de relaciones entre las características morfométricas de las manos y condiciones clínicas, que podrían estar influenciadas por la exposición androgénica durante el periodo fetal.

Background: The relationship between the length of the second and fourth fingers of the hands (ratio D2:D4) has been associated with intrauterine exposure to androgens. The androgenic pattern is defined when the length of the fourth finger is higher than the second, and the ratio is lower than 1. This ratio is set in relation to aspects of development and reproductive function of individuals, such as resistance to physical exercise, autism, sperm concentration or sterility. Aims: Find relationship between the ratio D2:D4 with age of menarche. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in an unselected population of 188 women. The finger lengths with a digital caliper is collected from a paper image obtained by a scanner. Statistical analysis was perfomed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, with significant value p<0.05. Results: Correlation analysis between the morphometric parameters of the hands and the age of menarche, showed statistically significant and directly proportional to the length of the fourth finger on both hands relationship. Conclusion: The results indicate a relationship between the androgenic pattern morphometry hands and late menarche. This is a start in the search for relationships between the morphometric characteristics of the hands and clinical conditions that might be influenced by androgen exposure during fetal period.

Protective Effect of Amphipterygium adstringens Extract on Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.

Amphipterygium adstringens is an endemic species in Mexico commonly known as "cuachalalate." Healers to treat gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastrointestinal cancer have traditionally used the bark. We investigated the effects of alcoholic extract of A. adstringens (AaEE) in DSS-induced colitis in mice. The protective effect of AaEE was determined at 200 mg/kg by oral gavage for 10 days. We determine the effect of AaEE on clinical features (disease activity index), antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities in relation to the activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx, levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and changes both macroscopic and microscopic of the colonic mucosa. AaEE significantly reduced the inflammation of colon and significantly increased SOD and GPx activities. AaEE also significantly decreased TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1ß cytokine levels compared to DSS-treated mice and reduced both infiltration of inflammatory cells and the mucosal damage in colon. The results suggested the protective potential of AaEE in DSS-induced colitis and this might be attributed to its phytochemicals compounds that have been found to induce a wide spectrum of activities such as reduction in oxidative stress, suppression of inflammation, modulating numerous signal transduction pathways, and induction of apoptosis. The findings of this study suggest that AaEE has substantial potential for the treatment of inflammatory colitis.

Utilidad de la elastografía en cáncer de mama a propósito de dos casos / Elastography Usefulness in Breast Cancer In Relation To Two Cases

La ecografía es una técnica fundamental en el estudio morfológico y anatómico de la mama. En los últimos años, se ha visto complementada desde un punto de vista más funcional con la elastografía. Esta modalidad diagnóstica añade información estructural a las propiedades morfológicas que muestra la ecografía y permite alcanzar mejores resultados de especificidad, pues las lesiones malignas muestran dureza significativamente superiores a las lesiones benignas. La elastografía ha venido a fortalecer el diagnóstico en etapas tempranas de las neoplasias malignas. Este hecho repercute en un incremento notable en el índice de curación y en el decrecimiento de la mortalidad por esta causa. El objetivo es mostrar el valor de la elastografía en el diagnóstico de la neoplasia de mama, al ser una nueva herramienta que permite discriminar o corroborar el diagnóstico ecográfico, y evitar al paciente la biopsia innecesaria(AU)

Ultrasound is a fundamental technique in breast morphological and anatomical study. In recent years, elastography has supplemented it from a functional point of view. This diagnostic modality adds structural information to the morphological properties that ultrasound shows and it allows us to achieve better results of specificity, since malignant lesions show significantly higher hardness than benign lesions. Elastography has come to strengthen the diagnosis in early stages of malignancy. This fact that affects a significant increase in the cure rate and the decrease in mortality from this cause. The purpose is to show the value of elastography in breast neoplasia diagnosis, being a new tool to discriminate or confirm the ultrasound diagnosis, and avoid unnecessary biopsy(AU)

Multimodality imaging of chronic ischemia.

Although ischemic cardiomyopathy is commonly caused by chronic obstructive coronary disease, the mechanism of the cause is still under investigation. We present echocardiographic strain, magnetic resonance, and histology findings in a chronic ischemia model in preclinical study. This case illustrates the features of multimodality imaging in chronic obstructive coronary disease and gives us great insight into understanding the mechanism of ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Risk of mental disorders in family reunification migrants and native Danes: a register-based historically prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: Although family reunification migrants form a large proportion of migrants, their prevalence of mental disorders is unknown because research has focused on mixed groups of first generation immigrants and refugees. Our aim was to investigate the risk of mental disorders among family reunification migrants compared with that among native Danes. METHODS: Family reunification migrants (n = 31,923) were matched on age and sex with native Danes (n = 127,687). Civil registration numbers were linked to the Danish Psychiatric Central Register to obtain data on diagnosis for all first-time psychiatric hospital contacts for migrants (n = 972) and native Danes (n = 5,390) between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2003. RESULTS: Overall family reunification migrants had a significantly lower risk of having a first-time psychiatric contact for mental disorders than did native Danes (RR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.71-0.87); specific risks of psychotic, affective and neurotic disorders did not differ except for migrant men, who had a higher risk of nervous disorder than that of native Danes (RR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.17; 2.17). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, family reunification migrants had a similar or lower risk of mental disorders compared with native Danes. The results may reflect true morbidity patterns or an underestimation of mental illness due to problems of access to care.

Unicuspid aortic valve in adults: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The natural history of the unicuspid aortic valve (UAV) is poorly described in the literature. In order to study the association between UAV with any other cardiac or extra cardiac abnormalities, an evidence-based systematic review was carried out. METHODS: A computerized search was carried out of the medical literature published between 1st January 1966 and 1st September 2008 of the following databases: MEDLINE; EMBASE; Web of Science; and the Cochrane Database. RESULTS: A total of 231 cases of adult UAV was identified in 38 articles. The mean patient age was 42 years, and the most common presenting symptoms reported (in 52 cases) included dyspnea (44%; n=23), angina (21%; n=11), and dizziness or syncope (8%; n=4). The most common lesion in UAV was isolated aortic stenosis (AS) (41%; n=95) and AS with or without aortic regurgitation (28%; n=64). The preoperative diagnosis of UAV is rare, and 139 cases (60%) of UAV were reported at autopsy or by examination of surgically excised valves. Aortic valve replacement was performed in 166 cases (82%). Concomitant aortic surgery was performed in 47 of the UAV cases (23%), either for a dilated or aneurysmal aorta. CONCLUSION: UAV shares many of the features of bicuspid aortic valve, including valvular dysfunction, aortic dilatation, aortic dissection, and dystrophic calcification, although these conditions develop at an earlier age and progress at a faster pace in UAV. Further investigations are warranted regarding the possibility of a familial incidence, associated histopathological changes in the aorta, preoperative diagnostic tools, ideal follow up and surgical intervention.

Estudio Histológico de Boca, Esófago, Estómago e Intestino de Polystira albida (Gastropoda: Turridae) / Histology Study of Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach and Intestine of Polystira albida (Gastropoda: Turridae)

En la presente investigación se realizó la caracterización histológica del tubo digestivo de Polystira albida (Toxoglossa:Turridae) mediante microscopía óptica, utilizando ejemplares colectados en la Sonda de Campeche. Los resultados del análisis muestran que los labios, la boca y la probóscide presentan un epitelio cilindrico simple ciliado. La cavidad bucal tiene un epitelio cilindrico estratificado. El esófago presenta un epitelio cilindrico simple con células glandulares granulares acidófilas (naturaleza proteica), y es el sitio donde comienza la digestión. El estómago se divide en tres regiones histológicas, y tiene dos tipos de epitelio, uno cilindrico simple ciliado y otro cilindrico simple; el primero está formado por abundantes células glandulares acidófilas y basófilas (naturaleza proteica y glicoproteica', respectivamente); y el segundo contiene slo células glandulares acidófilas. La glándula digestiva está constituida por adenómeros túbulo-acinosos con células glandulares acidófilas y basófilas, en diferentes grados de secreción y los conductos presentan un epitelio cilindrico ciliado con células glandulares de ambos tipos. El intestino se divide en cinco regiones histológicas, la primera presenta un tiflosol con dos tipos de epitelio, cilindrico simple y cilindrico simple con chapa estriada; y el resto del tracto tiene un epitelio cilindrico simple ciliado con células glandulares granulares acidófilas y pliegues de diferentes tamaños que aumentan o reducen la cavidad del conducto. Se concluye que existen diferencias, principalmente en la región anterior del tubo digestivo (cavidad bucal, esófago y estómago), con respecto a las descripciones generales realizadas para la subclase Prosobranchia.

In the present investigation it was realized a histological characterization of the digestive tract of Polystira albida (Toxoglossa: Turridae), by using optic microscopy of specimens collected in Sonda de Campeche. Results of analysis show that lips, mouth and proboscis present a simple columnar epithelium with cilia. Buccal cavity has a stratified columnar epithelium. Esophagus presents a simple columnar epithelium with acidophilic granular glandular cells (proteic nature), and it is the place where digestion starts. Stomach is divided in three histological regions that have two epithelial types, simple columnar with cilia and without one; the first is formed by a lot of acidophilic and basophilic glandular cells (proteic and glycoproteic nature respectively), and the second only contains acidophilic glandular cells. Digestive gland is constituted by tubule-acinous adenomers with acidophilic and basophilic glandular cells in different grades of secretion, and ducts have simple columnar epithelium with cilia and scarcely glandular cells. Intestine is divided in five histological regions, the first presents atyphlosole with two types of epithelium, simple columnar with stratified border; the rest of the tract has simple columnar epithelium with cilia, acidophilic granular glandular cells and folds of different sizes that increase or reduce the cavity duct. Based on previous this, we conclude that in this study exist differences principally in front region of digestive tract (buccal cavity, esophagus and stomach) compared to general descriptions realized for Prosobranchia subclass.

Parkinson's disease and antidepressant drug treatment: a case-register study.

UNLABELLED: We estimated the nationwide prevalence rate of antidepressant drug treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. BACKGROUND: Very few studies exist on the frequency of antidepressant drug treatment in patients with PD. METHOD: Patients with a PD diagnosis at first hospital contact were identified and followed for up to 6 years. The subsequent probability of antidepressant drug treatment was estimated and compared to a control group of patients with osteoarthritis. RESULTS: The probability of antidepressant drug treatment was 3.98 [95% CI: 3.23-4.91) times higher for PD patients than for controls. CONCLUSION: Patients with PD have higher rates of actual antidepressant drug treatment than a control group with osteoarthritis. Still, however, undertreatment of depressive states may be the case.

Enfermería en la red: listas de correo / Nursing on the net: mail lists

Objetivo: conocer las características demográficas y laborales de los profesionales de Enfermería usuarios de las listas de distribución de Enfermería. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra accidental de 198 profesionales usuarios de listas de Enfermería. Como instrumento para la recogida de los datos se utilizó un cuestionario enviado a 69 listas de la red en abril de 2004. Resultados: el 71% eran mujeres. La media de edad fue de 38,9 años (DE: 9,7). La media de antigüedad en la profesión era de 15,9 años (DE: 9,9). El 52% de la población pertenecía a países de América Latina, el 45,5% a España y el 2,5% a otros países. El 3,5% de la población no trabajaba, el 53,3% trabaja en hospitales, el 15,2% en centros de salud. Las listas más frecuentadas son: Lista Metas (24,7%), Enfermería(23,2%), SEEI-LIST (17,2%), Investen (11,6%) y Lista Úlceras (11,6%). Discusión y conclusiones: las enfermeras que utilizan las listas de distribución muestran un perfil muy variado en los que respecta a la edad y puesto de trabajo; tampoco existe diferencia en función del sexo

Objective: to ascertain the demographic and working characteristics of the nursing professionals who use nursing distribution lists. Material and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on an accidental sample of 198 professionals-users of nursing lists. A questionnaire sent in april 2004 to 69 lists on the network was used as instrument. Results: 71% of the users were women. Mean age was 38,9 years (SD: 9,7). Mean time on the job was 15,9 years (SD: 9,9). 52% of the population belonged to Latin-American countries, 45,5% to Spain and 2,5% to other countries. 3,5% of the population did not work, 53,3% worked in hospitals, 15,2% worked in health care centres. The most frequently accessed lists were: Metas list (24,7%), Enfermeríajw (23,2%), SEEI-LIST (17,2%), Investen (11,6%) and Ulcer list (11,6%). Discussion and conclusions: Nursing professionals that use distribution lists show quite a varied profile. Regarding age and work position there were differences based on the gender of the worker

Modification of the activity of an alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis by several surfactants

The influence of different commercial surfactants on the enzymatic activity of a commercial alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis (Termamyl 300 L) has been studied. As non-ionic surfactants, alkyl polyglycosides (Glucopon® 215, Glucopon® 600 and Glucopon® 650) were studied, as were fatty alcohol ethoxylates (Findet 1214N/23 and Findet 10/15), and nonyl phenol ethoxylate (Findet 9Q/21.5NF). Also, an anionic surfactant, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) was assayed. In general, none of the non-ionic surfactants studied, except Findet 10/15, vary substantially the enzymatic activity. Findet 10/15 has the strongest hydrophobic character and reduces the enzymatic activity more significantly the greater its concentration. Regarding LAS, this surfactant significantly depressed enzymatic activity, presumably due to the electrostatic interactions caused by its anionic character.