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1.
Rev. psicol. clín. niños adolesc ; 11(1): 1-13, Ene. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230066

ABSTRACT

La literatura muestra la importancia de identificar experiencias que permitan a los adolescentes desarrollarse en el contexto escolar. Además, indica la escasa evidencia empírica existente con esta población. Por ello, en este estudio se pretende comparar la eficacia de un programa de intervención centrado en el entrenamiento en fortalezas personales, con respecto a otro programa basado en el entrenamiento de habilidades sociales y técnicas para reducir el estrés y un grupo control de lista de espera, para reducir la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en adolescentes. Los entrenamientos se aplicaron de forma colectiva y consistieron en 6 sesiones de intervención de dos horas cada una. Los participantes fueron 65 (33 chicos y 32 chicas) estudiantes de ESO (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria) con edades entre 13 y 17 años (M = 14.32 y DT = .89). Los resultados muestran que el programa de entrenamiento centrado en el desarrollo de fortalezas personales es eficaz para aumentar las fortalezas entrenadas además de ser más eficaz para disminuir la sintomatología que otro programa de entrenamiento y que la ausencia del mismo. Implantar de forma transversal en la escuela este tipo de programas podría ayudar a un desarrollo más completo y amplio de la persona adolescente. (AU)


The literature shows us the importance of identifying experiences that allow adolescents to develop in the school context, it also indicates the scant empirical evidence that exists in this population at school, therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of a program of intervention, focused on training in personal strengths, with respect to another intervention program based on the training of social skills and techniques to reduce stress and a waiting list control group, to reduce the anxious and depressive symptoms of the/ as teenagers The trainings were applied collectively and consisted of 6 intervention sessions of two hours each. The participants were 65 (33 boys and 32 girls) ESO (Compulsory Secondary Education) students aged between 13 and 17 years (M = 14.32 and SD = .89). The results show that the training program focused on the development of personal strengths is effective in increasing the trained strengths, as well as being more effective in reducing symptoms than the other training program or the absence of it. Implementing this type of program across schools could help a more complete and comprehensive development of the adolescent. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Mental Health , Anxiety/prevention & control , Anxiety/psychology , Depression/prevention & control , Depression/psychology
2.
Ter. psicol ; 41(1): 111-136, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515600

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años distintos estudios muestran la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para mejorar la sintomatología depresiva y el bienestar en población adulta; sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que revisen la eficacia de estas intervenciones en personas de 60 años o más. Objetivo: recoger y sintetizar la evidencia existente en la última década con respecto a las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva en estas personas. Método: se ha realizado una revisión sistemática (RS) que recoge las publicaciones, realizadas entre enero de 2012 y julio de 2022, procedentes de las bases de datos SCOPUS, WOS/Medline y PROQUEST/PsycInfo. Se seleccionaron 944 estudios empíricos, de los cuales 18 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se presenta evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para reducir la sintomatología depresiva e incrementar el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en personas de estas edades, con efectos superiores a los de otros grupos de control. Esto sucede con programas de intervención en bienestar, al entrenar varias fortalezas- gratitud o perdón junto con otras- o entrenando en mindfulness. Conclusión: estos resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva como terapias complementarias para mejorar la salud mental y la calidad de vida en personas mayores de 60 años.


Recently, different studies have shown the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology to improve both depressive symptoms and well-being in adults. However, there are only a few studies that review the efficacy of these interventions in people aged 60 years and older. Objective: synthesize the evidence from the last decade about these interventions in these people. Method: A systematic review was conducted. Publications between 2012 and 2022 -from SCOPUS, WOS/Medline and PROQUEST/PsycInfo- were included. After analyzing 944 empirical works, 18 studies have met the inclusion criteria. Results: the results show the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology, both to reduce depressive symptoms, and to increase subjective and psychological well-being in people of these ages, compared to other control groups. These effects are found with interventions on well-being, with interventions on personal strengths -gratitude or forgiveness in combination with sense of humor, empathy, meaning of life or emotional regulation- or through training on mindfulness. Conclusions: The preliminary results point out the importance of interventions in Positive Psychology as complementary therapies to improve the metal health and quality of life in people over 60 years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Depression/therapy , Psychological Well-Being
3.
Psychol Health ; 38(7): 795-809, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34651527

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Early detection of suicide attempts remains a handicap for suicide prevention. Most studies have focused on risk factors, but few have assessed protective factors that promote resilient outcomes, especially in subpopulations vulnerable to suicide re-attempts. This study aims to create and adapt a new Scale of Resilience to Suicide Attempts (SRSA), and to analyse its predictive validity and diagnostic capacity for the detection of suicide re-attempts at six months in people who have made a previous attempt.Design and main outcome measures: The psychometric properties and diagnostic capacity of the resulting SRSA-18 scale were assessed in 229 persons (where 133-58.1% were women, aged 18- to 76-year old) who had made a previous suicide attempt. RESULTS: Factor analyses (AFE and AFC) yielded a three-dimensional structure with excellent goodness-of-fit indices RMSEA, high levels of reliability and adequate convergent validity with the Suicide Resilience Inventory-25 (SRI-25) scale. Additionally, the SRSA-18 has significant diagnostic power on suicide re-attempts across months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Reliable and valid protective factor-based instruments for the detection of future suicide re-attempts may help in the prevention of suicide-associated mortality in specific clinical subpopulations.


Subject(s)
Suicide Prevention , Suicide, Attempted , Humans , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Male , Suicide, Attempted/prevention & control , Psychometrics/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors
4.
Front Psychol ; 12: 673088, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34054676

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to construct and validate an instrument for assessing resilience to suicide attempts in a Spanish clinical population that has made a previous attempt, and to verify its efficacy for predicting future suicide reattempts at 6 months. For the construction of a Scale of Resilience to Suicide Attempts (SRSA) the theoretical-rational strategy was used. The constructed SRSA-18 consisted of 18 items and 3 subdimensions (internal and external protection and emotional stability), had high internal consistency (α = 0.88; ω = 0.89) and a high positive correlation with the Suicide Resilience Inventory-25, SRI-25 (r = 0.91; p < 0.01), and to a lesser extent with general resilience scales such as the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC (r = 0.79; p < 0.01) and the Resilience Scale of 14 items, RS-14 (r = 0.76; p < 0.01). Additionally, a specific SRSA-18 score predicted future suicide reattempts 6 months after the first attempt. This new scale (SRSA-18) assesses in a brief and rapid way, through protective factors rather than risk factors, the level of resilience to the suicide attempt in specific clinical subpopulations in hospital emergency services, being able to prevent suicide reattempts with higher lethality.

5.
Behav Res Methods ; 53(5): 1973-1985, 2021 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33694080

ABSTRACT

Pictures with affective content have been widely used in the scientific study of emotions, from two main perspectives: on the one hand, dimensional theories claiming that affective experiences can be described according to a few fundamental dimensions such as valence and arousal, and on the other hand, discrete-category theories proposing the presence of a number of basic and universal emotions. Although it has been demonstrated that these two approaches are not mutually exclusive, the existing standardized affective picture databases have been created from the dimensional perspective, which has led to important gaps for research focused on discrete emotions. The present work introduces MATTER, a new database comprising 540 pictures depicting disgusting, fearful, neutral, erotic, mirthful and incongruent content, which provides normative values (total N = 368, mean = 120.47 ratings/picture) in valence and arousal dimensions, as well as in discrete affective (disgust, fear, erotica and mirth) and cognitive (incongruence and interest) features. A tentative classification into discrete categories is presented, and the physical properties of each picture are reported. Our findings suggest that MATTER constitutes a modern and suitable set of affective images including, for the first time, both mirth- and incongruence-related pictures. Additionally, it will enable the examination of affective and cognitive processes in fear/disgust and humor/incongruence fields.


Subject(s)
Arousal , Emotions , Databases, Factual , Fear , Humans , Photic Stimulation , Reference Standards
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(1): 277-286, Jan. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-890486

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se trató de detectar y describir variables socio-demográficas y clínicas en personas que han realizado una tentativa suicida. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de los registros telemáticos sobre personas admitidas en los servicios de Urgencias del distrito sanitario norte durante el periodo 2009-2011 por trastornos mentales. Se seleccionaron 826 registros de personas, donde 485 eran mujeres, entre 14 y 94 años. Del total, 412 habían realizado un intento de suicidio, y fueron comparadas con otras personas sin tentativa suicida previa. Se aplicó un análisis de regresión logística binaria para examinar los factores más predictivos del intento de suicidio. Los resultados muestran que el riesgo de realizar un intento de suicidio aumenta con la edad, donde el periodo de mayor riesgo es el de 34 a 53 años (p < 0,001; OR = 6,99), ser de género femenino (p < 0,05; OR = 2,70) y encontrarse desempleada (p < 0,05; OR = 4,98). Los diagnósticos psicopatológicos más predictivos para la tentativa suicida fueron los trastornos de ansiedad (p < 0,01; OR = 3,95) y los trastornos del control de impulsos/adicciones (p < 0,01; OR = 3,76). Se discute la importancia de crear perfiles de riesgo y protección concretos para la puesta en marcha de políticas sanitarias contextualizadas de prevención de la tentativa suicida.


Abstract The aim was to identify and describe socio demographic and clinical variables in individuals who have made a suicide attempt. An analysis of electronically stored records on persons admitted to the emergency departments of a northern health district during the period 2009-2011 for mental disorders was conducted. The records of 826 patients (30.1% of the total), where 485 (58.7%) were female, aged between 14 and 94 years (M = 49.3; SD = 12.7), were selected. This amounted to 412 individuals (49.9%) who had made a suicide attempt, and were compared with others without prior suicide attempt. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the strongest predictors of suicide attempt. The results show that the risk of making a suicide attempt increases with age, those most at risk being aged 34 to 53 years (p < 0.01; OR = 6.99), female (p < 0.05; OR = 2.70) and unemployed (p < 0.05; OR = 4.98). The most predictive psychopathological diagnoses for suicide attempt were anxiety disorders (p < 0.01; OR = 3.95) and impulse control disorders/addictions (p < 0.01; OR = 3.76). The importance of creating specific risk and protection profiles when implementing contextualized health policies on suicide attempt prevention is discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Service, Hospital , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Unemployment/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Middle Aged
7.
Cien Saude Colet ; 23(1): 277-286, 2018 Jan.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29267831

ABSTRACT

The aim was to identify and describe socio demographic and clinical variables in individuals who have made a suicide attempt. An analysis of electronically stored records on persons admitted to the emergency departments of a northern health district during the period 2009-2011 for mental disorders was conducted. The records of 826 patients (30.1% of the total), where 485 (58.7%) were female, aged between 14 and 94 years (M = 49.3; SD = 12.7), were selected. This amounted to 412 individuals (49.9%) who had made a suicide attempt, and were compared with others without prior suicide attempt. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the strongest predictors of suicide attempt. The results show that the risk of making a suicide attempt increases with age, those most at risk being aged 34 to 53 years (p < 0.01; OR = 6.99), female (p < 0.05; OR = 2.70) and unemployed (p < 0.05; OR = 4.98). The most predictive psychopathological diagnoses for suicide attempt were anxiety disorders (p < 0.01; OR = 3.95) and impulse control disorders/addictions (p < 0.01; OR = 3.76). The importance of creating specific risk and protection profiles when implementing contextualized health policies on suicide attempt prevention is discussed.


Se trató de detectar y describir variables socio-demográficas y clínicas en personas que han realizado una tentativa suicida. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de los registros telemáticos sobre personas admitidas en los servicios de Urgencias del distrito sanitario norte durante el periodo 2009-2011 por trastornos mentales. Se seleccionaron 826 registros de personas, donde 485 eran mujeres, entre 14 y 94 años. Del total, 412 habían realizado un intento de suicidio, y fueron comparadas con otras personas sin tentativa suicida previa. Se aplicó un análisis de regresión logística binaria para examinar los factores más predictivos del intento de suicidio. Los resultados muestran que el riesgo de realizar un intento de suicidio aumenta con la edad, donde el periodo de mayor riesgo es el de 34 a 53 años (p < 0,001; OR = 6,99), ser de género femenino (p < 0,05; OR = 2,70) y encontrarse desempleada (p < 0,05; OR = 4,98). Los diagnósticos psicopatológicos más predictivos para la tentativa suicida fueron los trastornos de ansiedad (p < 0,01; OR = 3,95) y los trastornos del control de impulsos/adicciones (p < 0,01; OR = 3,76). Se discute la importancia de crear perfiles de riesgo y protección concretos para la puesta en marcha de políticas sanitarias contextualizadas de prevención de la tentativa suicida.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Unemployment/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
8.
Summa psicol. UST ; 12(2): 95-106, 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908544

ABSTRACT

El estilo explicativo pesimista y las dificultades de interacción social han sido asociados con un incremento de los síntomas depresivos durante la adolescencia. Para disminuir esta sintomatología, se han propuesto algunos programas de entrenamiento centrados en la modificación de uno o ambos elementos. En este estudio se pretende valorar la eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento para fomentar el estilo explicativo optimista y mejorarlas habilidades comunicativas. Los participantes han sido 38 adolescentes (19 chicos y 19 chicas), con edades entre 14 y 17 años (M igual 14.93; D.T. igual 0.87). La mitad fue asignada al azar a un grupo de tratamiento y la otra mitad a un grupo de control de lista de espera. El programa produjo una disminución en los síntomas depresivos (p menor que .001), así como una mejora en la satisfacción con la vida (p menor que .001) y las habilidades de interacción con otros adolescentes (p menor que .01). También se detecta el aumento del tamaño del efecto entre el grupo tratamiento y el grupo control, a favor del primero. Los resultados confirman el beneficio de aplicar programas de entrenamiento centrados en estos componentes para reducir los síntomas depresivos en los adolescentes.


Pessimistic explanatory style and difficulties in social interaction have been associated with an increase of depressive symptoms during adolescence. Some training programs, focused on the modification of one or both factors, have been proposed to decrease such symptoms. This study examines the efficacy of a training program focused on both optimistic explanatory style and communication skills for this population. Thirty-eight adolescents (19 males an 19 females) aged between 14 and 17 (M same 14.93; D.T. same 0.87) were randomly assigned to a treatment group half or a control group 50 half. The intervention program produced both a decrease of depressive symptoms (p smaller than.001), and an increase of satisfaction with life (p smaller than .001) and the interaction skills with other adolescents (p smaller than .01). In addition, effects size differences between both groups (treatment and control group) increased at post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. In conclusion, this training program shows to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Child , Depression/prevention & control , Personal Satisfaction , Psychology, Adolescent , Social Skills , Analysis of Variance , Communication , Interpersonal Relations
9.
An. psicol ; 30(3): 952-963, oct. 2014.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-126136

ABSTRACT

Suicide is a serious global public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The results of the research reviewed here reveal that, in Europe, one person dies by suicide every nine minutes, and that in Spain it is currently the leading external cause of death after road traffic accidents. This review presents the latest findings on effective suicide prevention strategies in the general population as well as the most appropriate instruments for assessing the level of risk for suicidal behavior in a clinical population. The treatments that scientific literature reports to be most effective in the fight against suicide are also included. The most significant results in terms of both prevention and treatment are discussed and several limitations to this study are also raised, which may be considered for future work by practitioners and researchers interested in this field


El suicidio es un grave problema de salud pública mundial, tanto en países desarrollados como en vías de desarrollo. Los resultados de las investigaciones analizadas muestran que en Europa muere una persona cada nueve minutos debido a esta causa y que, actualmente, en España el suicidio es la primera causa de muerte externa por encima de los accidentes de tráfico. Se presenta una revisión de las últimas conclusiones sobre acciones eficaces de prevención de este tipo de conductas en población normal, así como los instrumentos más adecuados para evaluar el nivel de riesgo para cometer una conducta suicida en población clínica. También se ofrecen los tratamientos, que la literatura científica, ha detectado más eficaces en la lucha contra el suicidio. Se discuten los resultados más destacados en la prevención y tratamiento del suicidio, y también se plantean diversas limitaciones de este estudio, que podrían ser consideradas líneas futuras de investigación para profesionales e investigadores interesados en esta temática


Subject(s)
Humans , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide/psychology , Risk Factors , Suicide/prevention & control , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions
10.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 14(2): 277-290, jun. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-122292

ABSTRACT

Siendo el suicidio la segunda causa de muerte entre los estudiantes universitarios, este artículo examinó las diferencias en algunas variables psicológicas asociadas a estudiantes universitarios (21-34 años) de Psicopedagogía con magisterio y con alta ideación suicida (BDI >10). Se valoró la existencia de ideación suicida en estos estudiantes (n= 40, 70% mujeres, edad media de 23,9 años y DT= 3,003) en relación con el control de impulsos, la depresión y la desesperanza. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes con alta desesperanza son más propensos a presentar ideación suicida, siendo el nivel de control de impulsos el que evita el tránsito de la ideación a otras fases más graves del suicidio. La identificación de los factores psicológicos asociados con la ideación suicida en universitarios, puede ayudar a evitar el tránsito de la idea de suicidio a la primera tentativa suicida (AU)


Suicide being the second leading cause of death among college students, this article examined differences in psychological variables related to college students (21-34 years) in Psychology with teaching and with high suicidal ideation (BDI> 10). We evaluated the presence of suicidal ideation in these students (n= 40, 70% female, mean age 23.9 years, SD= 3,003) regarding impulse control, depression and hopelessness. The results showed that students with high hopelessness are more likely to have suicidal ideation, and the level of impulse control that prevents the transition from ideation to other more serious stages of suicide. The identification of psychological factors associated with suicidal ideation in college, can help prevent the transition from suicidal ideation to first suicide attempt (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Suicidal Ideation , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/psychology , Suicide/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Students/statistics & numerical data , Social Alienation , Psychometrics/instrumentation
13.
Psicol. conduct ; 21(3): 563-579, sept.-dic. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-119100

ABSTRACT

Se analizó la adherencia al tratamiento y la calidad de vida en personas alérgicas, así como su relación con variables personales como optimismo e inteligencia emocional y variables sociodemográficas. Sesenta personas (50% hombres) que padecen de alergia y que cuentan con un tratamiento farmacológico (edad media 34,46; DT= 9,84; rango: 20-50 años) contestaron a una batería de instrumentos sobre las variables de análisis. Nuestros resultados muestran que el optimismo predice la adherencia al tratamiento y la calidad de vida, mientras que la comprensión de las emociones (un componente de la inteligencia emocional) predice la adherencia al tratamiento y la calidad de vida total y física en alérgicos. También se producen efectos significativos de la interacción entre optimismo e inteligencia emocional. No se producen diferencias en función de las variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad y nivel de estudios)


We analyzed the impact that personal variables (optimism and emotional intelligence) have on adherence and quality of life in people with allergies. We also analyzed their relationship with socio-demographic variables. Sixty people (50% men) who suffer from allergies and undergo a drug treatment (mean age 34.46, SD= 9.84, range: 20-50 years) completed a battery of instruments measuring the variables of interest. Our results show that optimism predicts adherence and quality of life, whereas understanding of emotions (a component of emotional intelligence) predicts adherence and quality of life (physical and global). Furthermore, three are significant effects of the interaction between optimism and emotional intelligence. There are no differences by sex, age and level of studies


Subject(s)
Humans , Emotional Intelligence , Medication Adherence/psychology , Hypersensitivity/psychology , Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use , Quality of Life/psychology , Sickness Impact Profile
14.
J Child Sex Abus ; 22(5): 612-23, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23829835

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and normal personality in sex offenders. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between personality traits and executive functioning in child molesters. The NEO-Five Factor Inventory was used to assess personality, and the Trail Making Test (parts A and B) was used to assess executive functioning in a sample of child molesters (n = 33). We found the time required to complete Trail Making Test part A significantly predicted Extraversion scores, whereas the time to complete Trail Making Test part B significantly predicted Openness scores. Brief measures of executive functioning can thus predict the score in Extraversion and Openness in child molesters. These personality traits may be related to the functioning of brain areas implicated in having to complete the Trail Making Test.


Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Criminals/psychology , Executive Function/physiology , Personality/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Personality Inventory , Pilot Projects , Psychometrics/methods
15.
Rev. esp. med. legal ; 39(1): 3-6, ene.-mar. 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-109060

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los objetivos de este estudio han sido realizar un análisis de la prevalencia vital de los trastornos mentales en una muestra española de delincuentes sexuales encarcelados, y analizar la prevalencia vital de trastornos mentales en diferentes subgrupos de agresores sexuales. Material y métodos. La presencia de trastorno mental a lo largo de la vida fue evaluada en 61 delincuentes sexuales, contra adultos o niños. Resultados. La prevalencia vital de trastorno mental fue muy elevada (62,3%), aunque ambos grupos no difieren en la prevalencia del trastorno mental. El abuso de sustancias fue el trastorno más frecuente, seguido por los trastornos afectivos y de ansiedad. Discusión. En esta muestra los trastornos mentales son un problema de salud relevante. Los resultados son consistentes con lo obtenido en estudios internacionales previos, y pueden justificar que se deba realizar un diagnóstico adecuado antes de iniciar programas de tratamiento en prisión para el delito cometido(AU)


Introduction. The objectives of this study were conducting an analysis of both lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in a Spanish sample of imprisoned sex offenders and lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in different subgroups of sex offenders. Material and methods. The presence of mental disorder throughout life was assessed in 61 sex offenders, against adults or children. Results. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorder was very high (62.3%), although both groups did not differ in prevalence of mental disorder. Substance abuse was the most common disorder, followed by affective and anxiety disorders. Discussion. In this sample, mental disorders are a significant health problem. Results are consistent with those obtained in previous international studies, and may justify the need to make a proper diagnosis before entering the treatment programs in prison for the offense committed(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Mental Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Aggression/psychology , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Juvenile Delinquency/statistics & numerical data , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Prisons , Informed Consent/psychology , Informed Consent/standards , Mental Health/trends
16.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 32(5): 622-630, sept.-oct. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-106152

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Valorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a tratamiento sustitutivo de diálisis, así como evaluar la capacidad predictiva de algunas variables psicosociales (apoyo social, autoeficacia, optimismo disposicional, depresión, ansiedad y estrategias de afrontamiento) sobre los niveles de CVRS. Método: Se evaluó la CVRS de 39 pacientes en hemodiálisis mediante el instrumento SF-36. La capacidad predictiva de las variables evaluadas se analizó mediante correlaciones bivariadas y análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados: Los pacientes mostraron niveles de CVRS inferiores a los valores normativos del instrumento. La depresión es el principal predictor de la CVRS, asociándose negativamente a todas sus dimensiones. El grado de preocupación, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento pasivo del estrés como la indefensión-desesperanza y el fatalismo, también se asocian a menores niveles de CVRS. Por el contrario, la autoeficacia, el optimismo, el apoyo social y el espíritu de lucha se asociaron a mayores niveles de CVRS. Conclusiones: Estos resultados tienen unas claras implicaciones clínicas respecto a los aspectos a los que debe orientarse la intervención psicológica destinada a la mejora de la CVRS en los enfermos renales (AU)


Objectives: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis replacement therapy, and to evaluate the predictive power of psychosocial variables (social support, self-efficacy, optimistic outlook, depression, anxiety and coping strategies) on the different levels of HRQOL. Methods: We evaluated the HRQOL of 39 haemodialysis patients using the SF-36 instrument. The predictive ability of the evaluated variables was analysed using bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis. Results: Patients showed lower levels of HRQOL than the reference values for the instrument. Depression is the main predictor of HRQOL, associated negatively with all of its components. The degree of concern and the use of passive coping strategies for stress such as helplessness-hopelessness and fatalism are also associated with lower levels of HRQOL. By contrast, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, and fighting spirit were associated with higher levels of HRQOL. Conclusions: These results have clear clinical implications regarding the ways in which psychological interventions should be aimed at improving HRQOL in renal patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/psychology , Renal Dialysis/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Resilience, Psychological , Social Support , Self Efficacy
17.
Nefrologia ; 32(5): 622-30, 2012.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23013948

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis replacement therapy, and to evaluate the predictive power of psychosocial variables (social support, self-efficacy, optimistic outlook, depression, anxiety and coping strategies) on the different levels of HRQOL. METHODS: We evaluated the HRQOL of 39 haemodialysis patients using the SF-36 instrument. The predictive ability of the evaluated variables was analysed using bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Patients showed lower levels of HRQOL than the reference values for the instrument. Depression is the main predictor of HRQOL, associated negatively with all of its components. The degree of concern and the use of passive coping strategies for stress such as helplessness-hopelessness, and fatalism are also associated with lower levels of HRQOL. By contrast, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, and fighting spirit were associated with higher levels of HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: These results have clear clinical implications regarding the ways in which psychological interventions should be aimed at improving HRQOL in renal patients.


Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/psychology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Quality of Life , Renal Dialysis/psychology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult
18.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Enferm. Nefrol ; 13(4): 228-234, oct.-dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-83039

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los profesionales de la salud tienden a asumir que la valoración que realizan del estado de salud y de la Calidad de Vida de los pacientes a su cargo es congruente con la de los propios pacientes. Sin embargo diversos estudios indican que existen discrepancias que podrían repercutir sobre la percepción de los cuidados y la satisfacción del paciente. Objetivos: Evaluar el acuerdo entre la valoración que hacen los pacientes en hemodiálisis de su Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) y la valoración que de ellos hace el personal de enfermería. Material y método: Todos los pacientes (N=57) fueron entrevistados por una psicóloga del servicio con el cuestionario EUROQOL, que mide las limitaciones en Movilidad, Cuidado Personal, Actividades Cotidianas, Dolor/Malestar y Ansiedad/Depresión. Cada cuestión se contesta de 1-no tiene problemas, 2-tiene problemas moderados, 3-tiene muchos problemas. En la misma semana, y desconociendo las respuestas que dieron los pacientes, las enfermeras los valoraron con ese mismo cuestionario. Resultados: El acuerdo absoluto osciló desde el 56% en Dolor/Malestar y el 60% en Ansiedad/ Depresión hasta el 68% en Movilidad y Actividades Cotidianas y 74% en Cuidado Personal. Se encontró que la menor comorbilidad, el menor número de fármacos diarios, y unas mayores puntuaciones en las Escalas de Karnofsky y de Barthel se asocian al acuerdo paciente-enfermera de un modo estadísticamente signifi cativo. Conclusiones. Las enfermeras parecen coincidir mejor con la valoración que hace el paciente de su propia CVRS cuando se evalúan aspectos más observables, y cuando los pacientes presentan estados de salud más favorables (AU)


Introduction. Healthcare professionals tend to assume that their evaluation of their patients’ state of health and Quality of Life is consistent with the evaluation done by the patients themselves. However, several studies show that there are discrepancies that could affect the perception of patient care and satisfaction. Objectives. To assess the agreement between the evaluation by patients on haemodialysis of their Health- Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and the evaluation of these patients by nursing staff. Material and method. All the patients (N=57) were interviewed by a psychologist of the service using the EUROQOL questionnaire, which measures limitations in Mobility, Personal Care, Daily Activities, Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/ Depression. Every question is answered by marking 1-no problems, 2-moderate problems, 3-many problems. In the same week, unaware of the responses given by the patients, the nurses evaluated them with the same questionnaire. Results. Absolute agreement oscillated from 56% in Pain/Discomfort and 60% in Anxiety/Depression up to 68% in Mobility and Activities of Daily Living and 74% in Personal Care. It was found that lower comorbility, fewer daily medicines, and higher scores in the Karnofsky and Barthel scales are associated to patient-nurse agreement in a statistically signifi cant way. Conclusions. Nurses seem to match patients’ evaluation of their own HRQL more closely when more observable aspects are evaluated, and when the patients present more favourable states of health (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Renal Dialysis/nursing , Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Hemodialysis Units, Hospital , Hemodialysis Units, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Life , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Comorbidity , Surveys and Questionnaires , Karnofsky Performance Status/statistics & numerical data , Repertory, Barthel
19.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Enferm. Nefrol ; 12(1): 19-25, ene.-mar. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-61137

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Todos los planes de calidad en el ámbito hospitalario tienen en cuenta la satisfacción del paciente como uno de los principales objetivos a conseguir. Las medidas de los resultados obtenidos de las opiniones de los pacientes permiten tomar decisiones que mejoran la calidad de los cuidados. Objetivos. Evaluar la Satisfacción de los pacientes de una Unidad de Hemodiálisis, y analizar los aspectos, tanto del paciente como de la enfermedad, que pudieran condicionarla. Material y métodos. Los pacientes fueron entrevistados con el Cuestionario SERVQHOS modificado para hemodiálisis, que evalúa la Satisfacción con veinte atributos de la Unidad y con el cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud, EUROQOL. También se recogieron las respuestas a cuestiones que podrían condicionar la satisfacción, variables clínicas y sociodemográficas. Resultados. Completaron la entrevista 50 pacientes y los niveles de satisfacción fueron altos y similares a los de otras unidades en España. Menores niveles de satisfacción se asociaron a percibir más Dolor, más limitación para las Actividades Cotidianas, más Ansiedad/Depresión, llevar más tiempo en diálisis, más horas de sesión, dializarse por catéter, haber estado trasplantado y tener menor edad (p<0,05). Por el contrario, menor nivel de estudios, actividades laborales menos cualificadas, ir en ambulancia, haber elegido modalidad de diálisis, y considerar que su opinión es tenida en cuenta, aumentaban la satisfacción (p<0,05).Conclusiones. Identificar los factores que modulan la satisfacción es tan importante como evaluarla, además deben de tenerse en cuenta las variables inherentes del paciente, que están condicionando la satisfacción percibida (AU)


Introduction. All quality plans in hospitals take patient satisfaction into account as one of the main goals to achieve. The measurements of the results obtained from patients’ opinions allow decisions to be made that improve the quality of care. Objectives. To evaluate the satisfaction of patients of a haemodialysis unit, and analyse the aspects, both of the patient and of the disease, that could be conditioning factors. Material and methods. Patients were interviewed with the SERVQHOS questionnaire modified for haemodialysis, which evaluates satisfaction with twenty attributes of the unit and with the EUROQOL health-related quality of life questionnaire. The replies to questions that could affect satisfaction, clinical and sociodemographic variables were also noted. Results. The interview was completed by 50 patients and the levels of satisfaction were high, and similar to those of other units in Spain. Lower levels of satisfaction were associated with feeling more pain, more limitations for daily activities, more anxiety/depression, having been on dialysis longer, longer sessions, receiving dialysis using a catheter, having had a transplant and being younger(p<0.05). On the other hand, a lower level of qualifications, less qualified work, travelling by ambulance, having chosen the form of dialysis and considering that their opinion is taken into accounts increased satisfaction (p<0.05). Conclusions. Identifying the factors that modulate satisfaction is as important as evaluating it. The inherent variable of the patient must also be taken into consideration, as they condition the perceived satisfaction (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Hemodialysis Units, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Multivariate Analysis , Quality of Life
20.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(2): 279-284, abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68765

ABSTRACT

Existen numerosos estudios que relacionan la deficiencia grave de yodo con la disminución de diferentes capacidades mentales superiores. En este trabajo se pretende conocer qué ocurre cuando la deficiencia de yodo no es tan grave como en los citados trabajos, sino que se trata de una falta de yodo leve o incluso moderada, y si los problemas comunes con una deficiencia grave de yodo (incluyendo el retraso mental) siguen apareciendo de una manera más sutil. Además, también interesa conocer si la metodología clásica (comparar zona yododeficiente contra zona no yododeficiente) es la más adecuada, proponiendo combinar esa agrupación por zonas con la yoduria presentada por los individuos de cada zona. Se evalúa cociente intelectual, capacidad manipulativa y verbal, atención, habilidad visomotora y comportamiento disruptivo, estudiadas muy pocas veces o ninguna en este tipo de investigaciones. La muestra la componen 760 escolares de la provincia de Jaén. Los resultados muestran que se encuentra un cociente intelectual más bajo en la zona yododeficiente y en niños con baja yoduria, cosa que no sucede en la zona yodosuficiente. También se ha visto asociado al nivel de yoduria el comportamiento disruptivo. Las otras variables medidas no se han asociado con déficit de yodo


An association between severe iodine deficiency and poor mental development has been found in many studies. We examined the relationship between moderate or mild iodine deficiency and intellectual capacity in order to determine whether problems common to severe iodine deficiency (including mental retardation) also emerge in a more subtle form. We also wished to know whether the classic methodology (comparing iodine-deficient zones with nondeficient zones) is the most adequate, and propose to combine this grouping by zones with urinary iodine presented by individuals in each zone. We measured IQ, manipulative and verbal capacity, attention, visual motor ability and disruptive behaviour, variables that have barely been studied in this kind of investigations. The sample comprised 760 schoolchildren from the province of Jaén (southern Spain). Our results show that children with low levels of iodine intake and with urinary iodine concentration lower than 100 µg/litre had a lower IQ and displayed more disruptive behaviour than children with high levels of the criteria. The other variables were not associated with iodine deficiency


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Iodine Deficiency/complications , Mental Competency , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/etiology , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Visual Perception , Verbal Behavior , Psychometrics/instrumentation
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