Emotional Intelligence Profiles in College Students and Their Fathers' and Mothers' Parenting Practices.

The present study has two objectives: first, to analyze whether the dimensions that make up emotional intelligence (attention, clarity, and repair) give rise to different profiles of university students, and secondly, to determine whether these different profiles are differentially associated with the parenting practices that students report with regard to their fathers and mothers. Results obtained indicate the existence of different profiles of college students. The profile that corresponds to adequate emotional skills presents a lower score in attention, but higher scores in clarity, and especially in mood repair. The other two profiles are inadequate, in the first case because a higher score in emotional attention is accompanied by low scores in mood repair, and in the second case because low scores are presented in all three dimensions. Likewise, we verified the existence of significant differences in the educational practices of parents, the adequate profile is characterized by greater use of parenting dimensions considered to be positive, and at the same time, lower scores on dimensions considered to be negative. One of the dysfunctional profiles is associated with higher scores in positive practices, and is also associated with higher scores in practices considered to produce a negative effect. The second dysfunctional profile is associated with higher scores on the dimensions considered to be negative and lower scores on positive dimensions.

Prácticas educativas paternas que predicen la agresividad evaluada por distintos informantes / Parents' educational practices that predict aggressiveness evaluated by different informants

Este trabajo examina la influencia de las prácticas educativas paternas en el comportamiento agresivo durante la última etapa de la educación primaria y primer ciclo de educación secundaria, así como la concordancia entre distintas medidas de agresividad en un grupo de 326 chicos y chicas con edades entre los 10 y los 16 años de un conjunto de colegios e institutos de la provincia de Jaén (España). Las prácticas educativas analizadas son el afecto/rechazo de los padres y tres formas de disciplina: inductiva, rígida e indulgente; mientras que la agresividad es evaluada por tres informantes distintos: los propios adolescentes, sus compañeros y sus profesores. Los resultados del estudio indican que las variables que mejor predicen la agresividad son las prácticas educativas negativas como la crítica-rechazo y los modos de disciplina rígido e indulgente. También se encuentran altos niveles de acuerdo en comportamiento agresivo entre distintos informantes, especialmente entre profesor/a y compañeros/as de clase.

This paper analyzes the influence of parents' educational practices on aggressive behavior during the last phase of primary education and the first cycle of secondary education, as well as the agreement between different measures of aggressiveness in a group of 326 male and female students aged 10 to 16 from a number of schools and high schools in Jaen (Spain). Educational practices analysed include affection/rejection by parents and three types of discipline-inductive, strict and indulgent. Aggressiveness in turn has been assessed from three tell-tale ways: the adolescent, their classmates and their teacher. The results of the study indicate that aggressiveness is better predicted by negative educational practices such as critique-rejection and rigid and indulgent discipline approaches. High levels of agreement are also found in aggressive behavior between different informants especially teacher and classmates.

Dhat syndrome, an emergent condition within urology in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Dhat syndrome (DS) consists of vague somatic symptoms and at times sexual dysfunction which the patient falsely attributes to involuntary emissions of semen outside of sexual relations. OBJECTIVE: Describe and analyse the occurrences of DS in patients attending the clinic and clarify the existence of this condition within the Spanish Urological service. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients reporting semen loss in urine or involuntarily outside of sexual relations were studied during a period from May 2006 to December 2007. Variables of age, nationality, marital status, family situation, medical history, reasons for the consultation, physical condition and additional tests were studied. All treatments and its effectiveness were also recorded. RESULTS: DS affected predominantly southern Asian continent citizens (n = 32). The average age was 35.44. Seventeen patients reported semen loss during urination; 20 at the end of urination; 11 spontaneously; 5 while sleeping; 4 during defecation; 1 while showering; 1 while eating meat; and 3 produced by noticing stained clothing. In 28 cases, the supposed loss of semen was linked to sex-related symptoms. All examinations and tests ruled out the existence of actual loss of semen. CONCLUSIONS: In urology consultations, we have been witnessing the unusual appearance of DS, a condition known by psychologists and psychiatrists and practically unheard of by urologists. A previously unknown condition in Spain, immigration from Asia, is causing the appearance of this syndrome. Its rapid identification will prevent patients from paying costly and unnecessary tests and provide alternative therapies, within a multidisciplinary approach involving psychologists and psychiatrists.

[Urology care demand analysis in a specialty centre with a high percentage of immigrant patients]. / Análisis de la demanda de asistencia urológica en un centro de especialidades con una tasa elevada de inmigración.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe patients referred for urological examination by their primary health care centres according to ethnicity and the disorders in question. The area selected for this study is the Raval Sur neighborhood in the city of Barcelona which has a high immigrant population. This will enable us to understand the health needs of an emerging population which is gaining considerable importance in many Spanish cities, at least where the specialty of urology is concerned. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective study of all patients who visited the urology division at Barcelona's Raval Sur Specialty Centre during 2007. The chosen population consisted of all patients visiting the urology division for the first time. RESULTS: We studied 247 patients, of whom 124 were Spanish, 75 South Asian, 27 Americans, 11 Africans and 10 from other countries. The average age was higher in Spanish patients: 57.86 +/- 17.85 years compared with 37.54 +/- 11.07 years for other nationalities. Both groups were predominantly male. Statistical differences for prostate symptoms were observed between patient groups:, these symptoms were present in 32.4% of Spanish patients, 7.95% of South Asians,17.2% of Americans and 9.1% of Africans. Significant differences were also seen in the PSA increase, affecting 15.2% of Spaniards, with no cases in other groups. Sexual functional pathology was only a motive for examination in the South Asian group, with 56.8% of patients. Phymosis and vasectomy surgery were the reasons for consultation in 9.8% of Spaniards, 2.7% of South Asians, 25% of Americans and were not required by any patient of African origin. Lower back pain was also observed in 0.7% of Spaniards, 1.35% of South Asians and 18.2% of Africans, but in none of the American patients. Gross haematuria was present in 5.1% of Spaniards, 3.4% of Americans, 18.2% of Africans and in no South Asian patients. CONCLUSIONS: The most common reason for consultation in the Spanish patient group was prostatic hypertrophy, American patients requested phymosis surgery or surgical sterilization, and South Asians visited for different sexual pathologies, which affected 56.8% of patients in this group. There were no significant differences in the number ofadditional examinations or in in the number of visits required for diagnosis between the different ethnic groups. One problem that we noted was the missed appointment rate for some patients, which is twice as high in the immigrant group as among Spanish patients and highest in the African and South Asian groups.

Análisis de la demanda de asistencia urológica en un centro de especialidades con una tasa elevada de inmigración / Urology care demand analysis in a specialty centre with a high percentage of immigrant patients

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los tipos de pacientes y patologías por los que son remitidos a la consulta de urología desde las áreas de atención primaria. El área seleccionada para este trabajo es el barrio del Raval Sur, situado en una zona de la ciudad de Barcelona donde se concentra una gran cantidad de inmigrantes. Ello nos permitirá conocer las necesidades sanitarias de este grupo de población emergente que empieza a cobrar una gran importancia en numerosas ciudades españolas, por lo menos en lo referente a la especialidad de urología. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudió, de forma prospectiva, a todos los pacientes que fueron visitados en la consulta de urología del centro de especialidades del Raval Sur de Barcelona durante el año 2007. La población elegida fue toda la que acudió por primera vez a la consulta de urología en dicho período. Resultados: Se estudió a 247 pacientes, de los cuales 124 eran españoles, 75 indostaníes, 27 americanos, 11 africanos y 10 del resto de países. La edad media ± desviación estándar fue superior en los pacientes españoles, con 57,86 ± 17,85 años, frente a los 37,54 ± 11,07 años en el resto de nacionalidades; en ambos grupos predominó el sexo masculino. Se observaron diferencias entre los distintos grupos de pacientes en la sintomatología prostática, que fue del 32,4% en los españoles, el 7,95% de los indostaníes, el 17,2% de los americanos y el 9,1% de los africanos. Igualmente, se observaron diferencias significativas en el aumento del antígeno prostático específico (PSA), con un 15,2% de los españoles, y ningún caso del resto de grupos. La patología funcional de la esfera sexual sólo fue motivo de consulta en el grupo de los pacientes indostaníes, con un 56,8%. La fimosis-vasectomía fue el motivo de consulta en el 9,8% de los españoles, el 2,7% de los indostaníes y el 25% de los americanos, y no fue requerida por ningún paciente de origen africano. En el caso del dolor lumbar, también se observaron diferencias, con un 0,7% de los españoles, un 1,35% de los indostaníes y un 18,2% de los africanos, y no fue la razón de la consulta en ningún paciente americano. La hematuria macroscópica se presentó en el 5,1% de los españoles, el 3,4% de los americanos, el 18,2% de los africanos y en ningún indostaní. Conclusiones: El motivo de consulta más frecuente en el grupo de pacientes españoles fue la sintomatología debida a la hipertrofia prostática; en el grupo de pacientes americanos, la demanda de intervención por fimosis o la esterilización quirúrgica, y los pacientes indostaníes consultan preferentemente por patología múltiple de la esfera sexual, que alcanza el 56,8% en los pacientes de este grupo. No hay grandes diferencias en cuanto al número de exploraciones complementarias o al número de visitas que se necesitaron para el diagnóstico entre las distintas nacionalidades. Uno de los problemas que más se observa es la falta de asistencia a las citas en algunos pacientes, que es el doble en el grupo de pacientes extranjeros frente a los españoles y superior en el grupo de los africanos e indostaníes (AU)

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe patients referred for urological examination by their primary health care centres according to ethnicity and the disorders in question. The area selected for this study is the Raval Sur neighborhood in the city of Barcelona which has a high immigrant population. This will enable us to understand the health needs of an emerging population which is gaining considerable importance in many Spanish cities, at least where the specialty of urology is concerned. Patients and methods: Prospective study of all patients who visited the urology division at Barcelona’s Raval Sur Specialty Centre during 2007. The chosen population consisted of all patients visiting the urology division for the first time. Results: We studied 247 patients, of whom 124 were Spanish, 75 South Asian, 27 Americans, 11 Africans and 10 from other countries. The average age was higher in Spanish patients: 57.86 ± 17.85 years compared with 37.54 ± 11.07 years for other nationalities. Both groups were predominantly male. Statistical differences for prostate symptoms were observed between patient groups:, these symptoms were present in 32.4% of Spanish patients, 7.95%of South Asians,17.2% of Americans and 9.1% of Africans. Significant differences were also seen in the PSA increase, affecting 15.2% of Spaniards, with no cases in other groups. Sexual functional pathology was only a motive for examination in the South Asian group, with 56.8% of patients. Phymosis and vasectomy surgery were the reasons for consultation in 9.8% of Spaniards, 2.7% of South Asians, 25% of Americans and were not required by any patient of African origin. Lower back pain was also observed in 0.7% of Spaniards, 1.35% of South Asians and 18.2% of Africans, but in none of the American patients. Gross haematuria was present in 5.1% of Spaniards, 3.4% of Americans, 18.2% of Africans and in no South Asian patients. Conclusions: The most common reason for consultation in the Spanish patient group was prostatic hypertrophy, American patients requested phymosis surgery or surgical sterilization, and South Asians visited for different sexual pathologies, which affected 56.8% of patients in this group. There were no significant differences in the number of additional examinations or in the number of visits required for diagnosis between the different ethnic groups. One problem that we noted was the missed appointment rate for some patients, which is twice as high in the immigrant group as among Spanish patients and highest in the African and South Asian groups (AU)