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1.
CienciaUAT ; 18(1): 6-24, jul.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513968

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña (BMM) del centro de Veracruz, México, representa un paisaje alterado por actividades antrópicas, por lo que es necesario evaluar el potencial evolutivo y adaptativo de las aves refugiadas en el sitio, las cuales se enfrentan a un paisaje con un gradiente heterogéneo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad de aves en fragmentos de BMM y vegetación secundaria (VS), en el predio Finca La Pastoría, Huatusco, Veracruz, así como, asociar su presencia y/o alimentación a cada hábitat evaluado. Se identificaron las especies y número de individuos en 14 sitios de observación de aves, con el método de muestreo basado en conteo por puntos con radio fijo de 30 m. Se registraron 100 especies pertenecientes a 33 familias y 15 órdenes. En el BMM se identificaron 916 individuos, correspondientes a 89 especies, y en VS 331 individuos de 54 especies, encontrando diferencias significativas de diversidad de aves entre coberturas de muestreo. Destacan los registros de Dendrortyx barbatus, Leptotila verreauxi y Vireo griseus, por ser endémicas. La primera está clasificada en peligro de extinción, mientras que la segunda se encuentra sujeta a protección especial y la tercera amenazada. También se registraron Pionus senilis, especie amenazada; Falco peregrinus, Micrastur semitorquatus, Passerina ciris, Psarocolius montezuma, Myadestes occidentalis y Amazona albifrons, sujetas a protección especial. Este estudio brinda información sobre cómo la avifauna hace uso diferencial de dos coberturas de vegetación, la cual puede servir para generar estrategias sustentables para el manejo y conservación del bosque.


ABSTRACT The Cloud Forest (CF) in central Veracruz, Mexico, represents a landscape that has been altered by anthropic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the evolutionary and adaptive potential of the birds sheltered in the site, which face a landscape with a heterogeneous gradient. The objective of the study was to describe the diversity of birds in fragments of CF and secondary vegetation (VS), in the property "Finca La Pastoría", Huatusco, Veracruz. The species and number of individuals in 14 bird watching sites were identified, with the sampling method based on counting points with a fixed radius of 30 m. 100 species from 33 families and 15 orders were recorded. In the CF, 916 individuals were identified, corresponding to 89 species, and in VS 331 individuals of 54 species, finding significant differences in bird diversity between sampling coverages. The records of Dendrortyx barbatus, Leptotila verreauxi and Vireo griseus stand out for being endemic and classified as endangered and threatened, respectively. Furthermore, Pionus senilis, a threatened species, as well as Falco peregrinus, Micrastur semitorquatus, Passerina ciris, Psarocolius montezuma, Myadestes occidentalis and Amazona albifrons, subject to special protection, were also recorded. This study provides information on how the birds make differential use of two vegetation covers, which can be used to generate sustainable strategies for forest management and conservation.

2.
Clin Nutr ; 39(5): 1331-1344, 2020 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31255348

ABSTRACT

Myo-neuropathy of the critically ill patient is a difficult nosological entity to understand and manage. It appears soon after injury, and it is estimated that 20-30% of patients admitted to Intensive Care Units will develop it in some degree. Although muscular and nervous involvement are related, the former has a better prognosis. Myo-neuropathy associates to more morbidity, longer stay in Intensive Care Unit and in hospital, and also to higher costs and mortality. It is considered part of the main determinants of the new entities: the Chronic Critical Patient and the Post Intensive Care Syndrome. This update focuses on aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and strategies that can prevent, alleviate and/or improve muscle (or muscle-nerve) weakness.


Subject(s)
Critical Illness , Muscle Weakness/pathology , Muscular Diseases/pathology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Humans , Muscle Weakness/therapy , Muscular Diseases/therapy , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/therapy
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(6): 1345-51, 2014 Jun 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24972473

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The use of procinéticos in the critical patient with nutrition enteral, they have as aim reduce the increase of the gastric residue (RG). We evaluate his efficiency in the improvement of the intake enteral and on the reduction in the incident gastrointestinal complications (CGI) and pneumonia, in critical patients, with neurological injury Aims: To evaluate the effects in the administration metoclopramide (MCG), during the first five days with enteral nutrition, versus control (GC), on the volume of administered diet, gastrointestinal complications and the incidence of mechanical ventilation associated pneumonia (NAVM), in neuro-critically patients (NC) of traumatic and vascular aetiology. Prospective, closed-label, randomized study performed in an intensive Care Unit. Methords: 150 adult neuro-critical patients (NC) were admitted of consecutive form and 109 were randomly and two groups 58 MCG y 51 GC. The primary outcomes was the nutritional: the volume of administered diet (VAD); mean efficacious volume (MEV) measured in three consecutive periods of time; the gastrointestinal complications (GIC), and the rate of partial and definitive suspension of the diet. Infecction: incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia NAVM; and of secondary outcomes were: the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU and hospital stay, and incidence the serious sequelae, and 30 days mortality. RESULTS: Differences were not observed in the severity variables between groups on admission. A significant increase was observed in the global values and in the first five days of (p < 0.03) of the VEM in the group of MCG. The values of the global VDA and during three phases of study, the number CGI, the rate of partial and definitive suspensions of the diet, and number of NAVM, were similar in both not significant groups. Neither differences were observed in the overall analysis secondary variables. CONCLUSIONS: The metoclopramida in the NC, it is not effective in the decrease of the CGI, in the doses and time of treatment reflected in the study.


Introducción: El uso de procinéticos en el paciente crítico con nutrición enteral, tienen como objetivo el reducir el aumento del residuo gástrico (RG). Analizamos su eficacia en la mejoría del aporte enteral y sobre la reducción en la incidencia complicaciones gastrointestinales (CGI) y neumonía, en pacientes críticos, con lesión neurológica Objetivos: Medir los efectos en la administración metoclopramida (MCG) durante los primeros cinco días con nutrición enteral, versus control (GC), sobre el volumen de dieta enteral administrada, el número de complicaciones gastrointestinales y la incidencia de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (NAVM); en enfermos neurocríticos de etiología traumática y vascular. Métodos: De los 150 pacientes NC ingresados de forma consecutiva, 109 fueron aleatorizados en dos grupos: 58 MCG y 51 GC. Los objetivos primarios fueron: nutricionales: el volumen de dieta administrada (VDA), el volumen eficaz (VEM), el número de complicaciones gastrointestinales (CGI) y la tasa de suspensión temporal y definitiva de la dieta. Infecciosos: incidencia de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (NAVM). Fueron objetivos secundarios: la duración de la ventilación mecánica, la estancia en UCI y hospitalaria, la secuela neurológica grave al alta y la mortalidad a los 30 días. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en los parámetros de gravedad entre grupos al ingreso. Un incremento significativo fue observado en el análisis global y a los cinco días (p < 0,03) del VEM en el grupo de MCG. Los valores del VDA global y durante las dos fases de estudio, el número de CGI y el número de suspensiones parciales y definitivas de la dieta o el número de NAVM fueron similares en ambos grupos, no significativos. Tampoco se observaron diferencias en los diferentes objetivos secundarios Conclusión: El uso de metoclopramida en el enfermo neurocrítico, no es eficaz en la disminución de las CGI, en las dosis y tiempo de tratamiento reflejados en el estudio.


Subject(s)
Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Metoclopramide/therapeutic use , Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention & control , Adult , Aged , Critical Illness , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(6): 1345-1351, jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-143878

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El uso de procinéticos en el paciente crítico con nutrición enteral, tienen como objetivo el reducir el aumento del residuo gástrico (RG). Analizamos su eficacia en la mejoría del aporte enteral y sobre la reducción en la incidencia complicaciones gastrointestinales (CGI) y neumonía, en pacientes críticos, con lesión neurológica Objetivos: Medir los efectos en la administración metoclopramida (MCG) durante los primeros cinco días con nutrición enteral, versus control (GC), sobre el volumen de dieta enteral administrada, el número de complicaciones gastrointestinales y la incidencia de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (NAVM); en enfermos neurocríticos de etiología traumática y vascular. Métodos: De los 150 pacientes NC ingresados de forma consecutiva, 109 fueron aleatorizados en dos grupos: 58 MCG y 51 GC. Los objetivos primarios fueron: nutricionales: el volumen de dieta administrada (VDA), el volumen eficaz (VEM), el número de complicaciones gastrointestinales (CGI) y la tasa de suspensión temporal y definitiva de la dieta. Infecciosos: incidencia de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (NAVM). Fueron objetivos secundarios: la duración de la ventilación mecánica, la estancia en UCI y hospitalaria, la secuela neurológica grave al alta y la mortalidad a los 30 días. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en los parámetros de gravedad entre grupos al ingreso. Un incremento significativo fue observado en el análisis global y a los cinco días (p < 0,03) del VEM en el grupo de MCG. Los valores del VDA global y durante las dos fases de estudio, el número de CGI y el número de suspensiones parciales y definitivas de la dieta o el número de NAVM fueron similares en ambos grupos, no significativos. Tampoco se observaron diferencias en los diferentes objetivos secundarios Conclusión: El uso de metoclopramida en el enfermo neurocrítico, no es eficaz en la disminución de las CGI, en las dosis y tiempo de tratamiento reflejados en el estudio (AU)


Introduction: The use of procinéticos in the critical patient with nutrition enteral, they have as aim reduce the increase of the gastric residue (RG). We evaluate his efficiency in the improvement of the intake enteral and on the reduction in the incident gastrointestinal complications (CGI) and pneumonia, in critical patients, with neurological injury Aims: To evaluate the effects in the administration metoclopramide (MCG), during the first five days with enteral nutrition, versus control (GC), on the volume of administered diet, gastrointestinal complications and the incidence of mechanical ventilation associated pneumonia (NAVM), in neuro-critically patients (NC) of traumatic and vascular aetiology. Prospective, closed-label, randomized study performed in an intensive Care Unit. Methods: 150 adult neuro-critical patients (NC) were admitted of consecutive form and 109 were randomly and two groups 58 MCG y 51 GC. The primary outcomes was the nutritional: the volume of administered diet (VAD); mean efficacious volume (MEV) measured in three consecutive periods of time; the gastrointestinal complications (GIC), and the rate of partial and definitive suspension of the diet. Infecction: incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia NAVM; and of secondary outcomes were: the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU and hospital stay, and incidence the serious sequelae, and 30 days mortality. Results: Differences were not observed in the severity variables between groups on admission. A significant increase was observed in the global values and in the first five days of (p < 0.03) of the VEM in the group of MCG. The values of the global VDA and during three phases of study, the number CGI, the rate of partial and definitive suspensions of the diet, and number of NAVM, were similar in both not significant groups. Neither differences were observed in the overall analysis secondary variables. Conclusions: The metoclopramida in the NC, it is not effective in the decrease of the CGI, in the doses and time of treatment reflected in the study (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Metoclopramide/pharmacokinetics , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy , Drug Tolerance/physiology , Antiemetics/pharmacokinetics , Gastroenteritis/chemically induced , Critical Illness
5.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 47 Suppl 1: 41-5, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21300218

ABSTRACT

We review the most interesting articles on respiratory infections published in the last trimester of 2009 and in 2010. Notable publications in bronchiectasis were the Guidelines of the British Thoracic Society, as well as several articles on the natural course of the process, the impact of exacerbations on the course of the disease, and treatment with inhaled antibiotics. Other notable publications were the SEPAR-SEIMC consensus document for the management of tuberculosis and articles on the use of interferon-gamma in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. The new recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery on community-acquired pneumonia have recently been published. Equally important are studies on the viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia, the impact of corticosteroid treatment in pneumonia, the duration of antibiotic therapy and preventive measures in both community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia.


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Pulmonary Medicine/trends , Respiratory Tract Infections , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchiectasis/epidemiology , Bronchiectasis/physiopathology , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/etiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/etiology , Cross Infection/therapy , Humans , Interferon-gamma Release Tests , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/etiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Societies, Medical , Spain , Thoracic Surgery/trends , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/therapy , United Kingdom
6.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 47(supl.1): 41-45, ene. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-85904

ABSTRACT

Se efectúa una revisión de los artículos más interesantes de infecciones respiratorias, publicados en el últimotrimestre del año 2009 y en 2010. En cuanto a las bronquiectasias, destacan las Guidelines de la British ThoracicSociety, así como diversos artículos de la evolución natural del proceso y el impacto de las reagudizacionesde ésta, así como del tratamiento inhalatorio antibiótico de las bronquiectasias. Con respecto a la tuberculosis,es recomendable señalar el documento de consenso SEPAR-SEIMC para el manejo de la tuberculosis, así comolas publicaciones sobre la utilización de interferón-gamma en el diagnóstico de infección tuberculosa. Lasnuevas recomendaciones SEPAR de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) se han publicado muy recientemente,y junto con ellas destacan estudios de etiología viral de las NAC, impacto del tratamiento corticoideoen las neumonías, duración del tratamiento antibiótico y medidas preventivas de neumonías, tanto comunitariascomo nosocomiales(AU)


We review the most interesting articles on respiratory infections published in the last trimester of 2009 andin 2010. Notable publications in bronchiectasis were the Guidelines of the British Thoracic Society, as well asseveral articles on the natural course of the process, the impact of exacerbations on the course of the disease,and treatment with inhaled antibiotics. Other notable publications were the SEPAR-SEIMC consensusdocument for the management of tuberculosis and articles on the use of interferon-gamma in the diagnosisof tuberculosis infection. The new recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and ThoracicSurgery on community-acquired pneumonia have recently been published. Equally important are studies onthe viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia, the impact of corticosteroid treatment in pneumonia,the duration of antibiotic therapy and preventive measures in both community-acquired and nosocomialpneumonia(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Bronchiectasis/complications , Bronchiectasis/diagnosis , Bronchiectasis/pathology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/pathology , Tuberculosis/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/pathology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
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