ABSTRACT
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic shows contagion and mortality rates that exceed the initial forecast and has caused a series of effects in different spheres of individuals, including the labor sphere. Objectives: To examine the relationship between business support and effects derived from COVID-19 in Mexican and Colombian workers and to identify the factors that can predict productivity. Methods: The sample included 482 people from both countries, 381 women (79%) and 101 men (21%). Two instruments were used: one scale to measure business support and the other to measure COVID-19 effects. A multivariate design was used to understand the factorial structure of the instruments through confirmatory factor analysis, and a predictive design was used based on structural equation modeling. Results: Statistical analysis was conducted through the confirmatory factor analysis and found a factorial solution that fitted the theoretical approach to the data in both instruments, and the structural equation model showed an adequate goodness-of-fit (X 2 = 320.110, p = 0.000; comparative fit index = 0.90; root mean square error of approximation = 0.07). Conclusions: According to the results, it was observed that both instruments presented an adequate goodness-of-fit to the data. The structural equation showed that leadership (0,420) and daily disturbance (-0.558) are predictors of labor productivity. Specifically, a positive leadership style facilitated group performance and therefore the achievement of results. Daily disturbance, such as effects derived from COVID-19, negatively affects productivity; therefore, all actions taken by organizations to provide support will promote mental health and will thereby help to achieve the expected productivity.
ABSTRACT
Resumen La Vigilancia Electrónica Interpersonal (VEI) en Redes Sociales se refiere a una serie de estrategias para monitorear el comportamiento de la pareja en redes. La investigación señala que existe una relación entre el apego ansioso y esta vigilancia, sin embargo, existe poca investigación relacionada al efecto diferencial del sexo, así como el efecto específico sobre la red social Facebook. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue crear un modelo de ecuación estructural para explorar la relación entre la VEI, la Búsqueda de Información en Facebook BIF y los estilos de apego en hombres y mujeres. Las escalas se administraron a 835 estudiantes universitarios. Los análisis indicaron la unidimensionalidad y buen ajuste de la VEI [X2 (44) = 269.8, p> .05, CFI = .955, SRMR = .031, RMSEA = .078], la BIF [X2 (44) = 1945.4, p> .05, CFI = .998, SRMR = .010, RMSEA = .028] y el Apego [X2 (136) = 4629.7, p> .05, CFI = .942, SRMR = .053, RMSEA = .052]. La ecuación mostró que la ansiedad predice la VEI y BIF en hombres y mujeres, con coeficientes mayores en estas últimas. Se enfatiza la importancia de la medición relacionada con la vigilancia y sus implicaciones.
Abstract The Interpersonal Electronic Surveillance in Social Networks has been defined as a series of strategies implemented with the help of technologies of communication to monitor the behavior of a person, in specific, the partner. Facebook partner account can be under surveillance too. The prevalence of social networks sites has been reinvented into a new way for interpersonal surveillance along with the technology capacity. This has positive and negative effects in the relationship (e.g. more intimacy and certainty but, at the same time, increase of jealously, and conflict). Research has pointed out a relation between anxiety attachment style and surveillance behaviors. In Mexico, there is a lack of evidence related this topics. The aim of this research was to create a structural equation model in order to explore the relation between Interpersonal Electronic Surveillance, Facebook Information seeking and Attachment Styles for men and women. The scales were administrated to 835 university students (497 women and 338 men). Confirmatory Factor Analyses indicated unidimensionality of Interpersonal Electronic Surveillance and Facebook Information-Seeking Scales, both with a good fit, X2(44) = 269.8, p >.05, CFI = .955, SRMR = .031, RMSEA = .078 for the first scale and X2(44) = 1945.4, p > .05, CFI = .998, SRMR = .010, RMSEA = .028 for the second scale. Second Order Confirmatory Analyses indicated three dimensions for the Attachment Scale with a good fit X2(136) = 4629.7, p > .05, CFI = .942, SRMR = .053, RMSEA = .052. Interpersonal Surveillance on Social Networks is influenced by attachment styles. Anxious style predicts Interpersonal Electronic Surveillance in men and women. But standardized coefficients are bigger for women (.18 and .23 respectively). Also predicts Facebook Information-Seeking (.26 for men and .46 for women). Results indicate the importance of measurement related to Surveillance and its implications with other constructs.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la imagen corporal de mujeres indígenas de Hidalgo, México. En 167 mujeres adultas (M edad = 34.45, DE = 6.76), la satisfacción/insatisfacción corporal se estimó según el IMC y la técnica parcial del marcado de imagen. El 83% de las mujeres evaluadas presentaron algún grado de insatisfacción corporal, mayormente relacionado con el deseo de adelgazar (51%) que con el de ser más robustas (32%). Las mujeres más satisfechas con su imagen corporal fueron las normopeso (21%) o con bajo peso (20%); por el contrario, las menos satisfechas fueron aquellas con obesidad (57%). Sin embargo no se identificó una asociación significativa entre el IMC y la satisfacción/insatisfacción corporal. Una de las principales aportaciones de este estudio es haber analizado la correspondencia entre dos variables poco estudiadas en mujeres adultas indígenas: el IMC y la imagen corporal, cuyos resultados fundamentan la necesidad de seguir investigando este tipo de población, así como el desarrollo de programas de prevención y de promoción de la salud específicos a grupos indígenas.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the body image of indigenous women from Hidalgo, Mexico. Body dissatisfaction/satisfaction was evaluated in 167 adult women (M age = 34.45, SD = 6.76) based on BMI and on the partial markup technique of image. The 83% of women assessed had some degree of body dissatisfaction specially related to the desire of thinness (51%) than with the desire of being robust (32%). Normal weight (21%) and low weight (20%) women were those who were more satisfied with their body image; on the contrary, women with obesity (57%) were the less satisfied. However a significant association among BMI and body satisfaction/dissatisfaction was not identified. One of the main contributions of this study was to analyze the correspondence between two little studied variables in indigenous adult women: BMI and body image. These findings strength the need to keep studying this kind of population as well as the development of preventive and promoting health programs aimed to indigenous groups.
