ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Stroke is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries today. Smoking is a risk factor that is associated with arteriosclerotic disease. AIM: To evaluate the risk of having a stroke associated to both active and passive smoking in a case-control study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted which included 151 stroke patients who were admitted to hospital in the Neurology Service at the Hospital General Universitario in Alicante over a 12-month period. The control group (302) was obtained from patients who visited the emergency department at the hospital with no history of strokes and who reported clinical signs and symptoms that were not compatible with a stroke. The cases and controls were paired according to age and sex, including two controls of the same sex and whose ages were within a year of that of each case which was obtained. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 70.6 years (range: 59-81 years). Males predominated in the sample (57.6%). Stroke patients had a significantly higher percentage of hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, heart disease and dyslipidemia than the control group. The most frequently affected vascular territory was the carotid (33.8%). The most frequent presenting symptom of the stroke was motor syndrome together with language disorders (39.4%). The risk of suffering a stroke associated to active smoking was 1.40 (CI 95% = 0.91-2.15) and in the case of passive smoking it was 1.45 (CI 95% = 0.82-2.58). CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study suggest there is a relevant association between environmental exposure to tobacco smoke and increased vascular risk (which confirms other results that have been published in the literature) and stress how important it is for non-smokers to find smoke-free zones.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis , Stroke , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Atherosclerosis/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/pathology , Stroke/physiopathologyABSTRACT
El ictus es actualmente una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en los países desarrollados.El tabaco es un factor de riesgo que está relacionado con la enfermedad arterioesclerótica. Objetivo. Valorar el riesgo de presentación de ictus asociado al tabaquismo tanto activo como pasivo en un estudio de casos y controles. Pacientes y métodos.Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en el que se incluyó a 151 pacientes con ictus que fueron ingresados en el Servicio de Neurología del Hospital General Universitario de Alicante durante un período de 12 meses. El grupo control (302 sujetos) se obtuvo de pacientes que acudieron a urgencias del hospital sin antecedentes de ictus y que referían una clínica no compatible con un ictus. Los casos y controles se aparearon por edad y sexo, incluyendo dos controles del mismo sexo y ± un año que cada caso obtenido. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 70,6 años (rango: 59-81 años). El 57,6% correspondíaa varones. Los pacientes con ictus tenían de forma significativa un porcentaje mayor de hipertensión, arteriopatía periférica, cardiopatía y dislipemia que el grupo control. El territorio vascular más afectado fue el carotídeo (33,8%). La clínica de presentación más frecuente del ictus fue el síndrome motor junto con alteración del lenguaje, con un 39,4%. El riesgode ictus asociado al tabaquismo activo fue de 1,40 (IC 95% = 0,91-2,15) y al tabaquismo pasivo fue de 1,45 (IC 95% = 0,82-2,58). Conclusión. Los datos obtenidos en este estudio sugieren una asociación relevante entre la exposición ambiental al tabaco y un aumento del riesgo vascular, confirmando otros trabajos publicados, y recalcan la importancia de que los no fumadoresencuentren espacios libres de humo
Introduction. Stroke is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries today. Smoking is a risk factor that is associated with arteriosclerotic disease. Aim. To evaluate the risk of having a stroke associated to both active and passive smoking in a case-control study. Patients and methods. A case-control study was conducted which included151 stroke patients who were admitted to hospital in the Neurology Service at the Hospital General Universitario in Alicante over a 12-month period. The control group (302) was obtained from patients who visited the emergency department at the hospital with no history of strokes and who reported clinical signs and symptoms that were not compatible with a stroke. Thecases and controls were paired according to age and sex, including two controls of the same sex and whose ages were within a year of that of each case which was obtained. Results. The mean age of the patients was 70.6 years (range: 59-81 years).Males predominated in the sample (57.6%). Stroke patients had a significantly higher percentage of hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, heart disease and dyslipidemia than the control group. The most frequently affected vascular territory wasthe carotid (33.8%). The most frequent presenting symptom of the stroke was motor syndrome together with language disorders (39.4%). The risk of suffering a stroke associated to active smoking was 1.40 (CI 95% = 0.91-2.15) and in the case of passive smoking it was 1.45 (CI 95% = 0.82-2.58). Conclusions. The findings from this study suggest there is a relevantassociation between environmental exposure to tobacco smoke and increased vascular risk (which confirms other results that have been published in the literature) and stress how important it is for non-smokers to find smoke-free zones
Accidente Cerebrovascular
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Indicators of Morbidity and MortalityABSTRACT
This paper discusses some ideas useful for the implementation of programs of quality of care in family planning units. In the first part we present an analytical framework in which the place of quality of family planning services as a determinant of fertility is established. Part two deals with a set of concepts which includes the several elements of quality of care: structure, process and result elements of family planning services. Finally, the paper ends with a set of recommendations for the design of the indicators and standards needed to operationalize at field level a quality of care program in family planning units.
Subject(s)
Family Planning Services/standards , Program Evaluation/standards , Efficiency, Organizational , Family Planning Services/methods , Family Planning Services/organization & administration , Humans , Mexico , Quality ControlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Knowing the prevalence of periodontal disease, to identify some associated variables in youth population. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DMID) has been included as a common variable. METHODS: Cross-sectional study over 383 individuals, 11 to 18 years old. Chi square and Odds ratio (95% confidence limits) have been determined. RESULTS: Periodontal disease prevalence is 37.53%. An epidemiological and statistical association were found with: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, low social class, poor dental hygiene and plaque index over 0.20. CONCLUSIONS: Juvenile diabetic population must be considered as a high risk group for periodontal disease.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Plaque Index , Female , Humans , Male , Odds Ratio , Oral Hygiene , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Through multiple logistic regression an epidemiological study was undertaken of the following factors: age, gender, socio-economic status, dental care, toothbrushing, chewing gum, snacking, fluoride, and of their influence on the development of tooth decay. The factors are analysed individually and globally (global model). An initial model was constructed, establishing the interactions, and developing a final model. Risk factors shown to be involved were: low social class status, lack of dental care in the previous 12 months, absence of toothbrushing, and belonging to the age group 9-12 years old. An interaction was established between the following variables: socio-economic status and toothbrushing, and dental care and age.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Dental Care/statistics & numerical data , Dental Caries/etiology , Female , Fluorides/administration & dosage , Fluorides/therapeutic use , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Risk Factors , Social Class , Spain/epidemiology , ToothbrushingABSTRACT
We have studied a population of 527 school children between 6 and 17 years old, having as main characteristic to have free odontological care. The prevalence of caries found was 40.4%. The age appears as a risk factor. However, we have not found any influence in the social status. The odontological care is considered essential in the decrease of prevalence of dental caries.
Subject(s)
Dental Care/statistics & numerical data , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Female , Health Services Accessibility , Humans , Income , Male , Odds Ratio , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We have made a transversal study in a population of 910 scholars from Madrid with the purpose of knowing the prevalence to tetracycline-stained, and we have found a 3.11% of children affected. We have referred study by age, sex, socioeconomic level and dental caries.
Subject(s)
Tetracyclines/adverse effects , Tooth Discoloration/epidemiology , Adolescent , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Tooth Discoloration/chemically inducedABSTRACT
In this study, histologic behaviour of collagen coated hydroxylapatite particles implanted in human periodontal osseous defects has been analyzed. This material was surgically implanted in four patients, and reentry and block biopsies were carried out 4 and 6 months later. The histologic results demonstrate that this material is well tolerated by surrounding tissues, not eliciting an inflammatory reaction. At four months, the hydroxylapatite particles appear encapsulated by a very cellular connective tissue and at 6 months are found in direct contact with osteoid and mature bone. This material acts as a filler material, being fully biocompatible and stimulating an osseoconductive reaction of the adjacent alveolar bone.
Subject(s)
Collagen , Dental Implants , Hydroxyapatites , Periodontal Pocket/surgery , Periodontitis/surgery , Biocompatible Materials , Biopsy , Humans , Middle Aged , Periodontal Pocket/pathologyABSTRACT
Extracted teeth due to consequence of chronic periodontitis of adult are fractured and the apical cementum to junction epithelium is examined under S.E.M. (scanning electron microscopy) being found bacterias forms inside niches of the apical cementum.
