ABSTRACT
We analyze the effect of amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin, alone and associated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Tween 80, at different times and concentrations in nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria (NPRGM) biofilms. For this purpose, confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis were used to study the development and behavior of intrinsic autofluorescence, covered area, thickness, and cell viability in NPRGM biofilms after adding antibiotics alone and associated with antibiofilm agents. In this study, ciprofloxacin is the most active antibiotic against this type of biofilm and thickness is the most affected parameter. NAC and Tween 80 combined with antibiotics exert a synergistic effect in increasing the percentage of dead bacteria and also reducing the percentage of covered surface and thickness of NPRGM biofilms. Tween 80 seems to be an antibiofilm agent more effective than NAC due to its higher reduction in the percentage of cover surface and thickness. In conclusion, the results obtained in this work show that phenotypic parameters (thickness, percentage of covered surface, autofluorescence, percentage of live/dead bacteria) are affected by combining antibiotics and antibiofilm agents, ciprofloxacin and Tween 80 being the most active agents against NPRGM biofilms.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms/drug effects , Mycobacterium/drug effects , Acetylcysteine/pharmacology , Amikacin/pharmacology , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Clarithromycin/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Polysorbates/pharmacologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of ciprofloxacin at different times on the development and behavior of intrinsic autofluorescence, covered area, thickness and cell viability in a biofilm formed by non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria (NPRGM).Confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis were used to study the behavior of ciprofloxacin on biofilms. RESULTS: Thickness was the most affected parameter, although some species showed changes in other parameters. At the same time, we also measured the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). An increase in MBEC was observed in all the strains, M. peregrinum being the species that presented the highest increase. CONCLUSIONS: This study help us to understand better how mycobacterial biofims can be affected by ciprofloxacin.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms/drug effects , Biofilms/growth & development , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/drug effects , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/physiology , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microscopy, Confocal , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/growth & developmentABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Biofilms , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Drug Resistance, MicrobialABSTRACT
We present the first two cases of Kingella kingae keratitis in adults. This species is a rare isolate from ophthalmic samples for which final identification was obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. One of the patients recovered uneventfully with topical therapy. Results from the second patient cannot be confirmed as he was lost to follow-up.
Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Keratitis/microbiology , Kingella kingae , Neisseriaceae Infections/diagnosis , Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Adult , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy , Female , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Keratitis/diagnosis , Keratitis/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
The structure of biofilms formed by seven nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria, including saprophytes and opportunistic species, was analyzed. Analysis included amount of covered surface, thickness, cell viability, and presence of intrinsic autofluorescence at different times using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. Autofluorescence was detected inside and outside cells of all mycobacteria.
Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Biofilms/growth & development , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Mycobacterium/physiology , Optical Imaging/methods , Microbial Viability , Mycobacterium/chemistryABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are becoming increasingly important. A growing number of patients with underlying conditions that make them prone to diseases caused by NTM. These diseases include the appearance of new syndromes, such as mesotherapy and other cosmetic-related infections, or diseases that affect patients who are being treated with tumor necrosis factor. AREAS COVERED: A literature search has been performed for each mycobacterium species. An introduction to the different aspects of the species and the diseases is provided, along with a review of the current therapeutic options; special emphasis is put on new research and discoveries. EXPERT OPINION: Recognition of the current role of NTM isolates remains the key step in the management of NTM infections. After recognition, treatment must be guided by attending to the isolated species, the specific syndromes, clinical experience and - for some species - the results of in-vitro susceptibility tests. Surgical therapy is also important for some species (Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum) and for localized infections. The treatment of uncommon species is not yet well defined and recent research on resistance mechanisms has described their importance. The role of biofilms is currently of special concern for various specific infections.
