ABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the results obtained from applying the monaural compressed speech test in Spanish at 75% and 100% in cases of stutterers and controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study involved 50 cases with ages ranging from 8 to 36 years, 25 of whom were stutterers and 25 controls, who were paired one to one by age, sex and schooling. Severe cases of stuttering were not included. Subjects had to have normal auditory functioning, which was evaluated by means of audiometry and peripheral vocal audiometry, and also normal cognitive functioning, which was assessed using TONI-2 in children and by the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination in adults. RESULTS: The average number of correct answers on the CSTS at 75% was 60.98% in cases of stutterers and 82.04% in the group of controls (Student's t = -7.4; p = 0.0001), and on the CSTS at 100% the figures were 56.56% and 73.16%, respectively, (Student's t = -5.9; p = 0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each test by means of ROC curves, together with the cut-off point. CONCLUSION: Applying the CSTS in individuals who stutter helped us to identify disorders in the temporal processing of auditory information.
Subject(s)
Hearing/physiology , Language Tests , Language , Stuttering/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/diagnosis , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , ROC Curve , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación de la prueba de palabra comprimida en español (PPCE) al 75%y al 100% en sujetos con tartamudez y controles. Sujetos y métodos. Se incluyeron en el estudio 50 casos con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 36 años, 25 de ellos con tartamudez y 25 como controles pareados uno a uno por edad, sexo y escolaridad. No se incluyeron casos de tartamudez grave. Los sujetos debían tener funciones normales de audición, evaluada mediante audiometría y logoaudiometría periférica, y cognitivas, valoradas con TONI-2 en los niños y con el miniexamen del estadomental en los adultos. Resultados. El promedio de aciertos en la PPCE al 75% fue del 60,98% en los casos de tartamudez y del 82,04% en los controles (t de Student = −7,4; p = 0,0001), y en la PPCE al 100% fue del 56,56% y el 73,16%, respectivamente (t de Student = −5,9; p = 0,0001). Para cada prueba se calculó su sensibilidad y especificidad por medio de curvas COR, así como el punto de corte. Conclusión. La aplicación de las PPCE en individuos con tartamudez contribuyó a la identificación de las alteraciones en el procesamiento temporal de la información auditiva
Aim. To evaluate the results obtained from applying the monaural compressed speech test in Spanish at 75% and100% in cases of stutterers and controls. Subjects and methods. The study involved 50 cases with ages ranging from 8 to 36 years, 25 of whom were stutterers and 25 controls, who were paired one to one by age, sex and schooling. Severe cases of stuttering were not included. Subjects had to have normal auditory functioning, which was evaluated by means of audiometryand peripheral vocal audiometry, and also normal cognitive functioning, which was assessed using TONI-2 in children and by the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination in adults. Results. The average number of correct answers on theCSTS at 75% was 60.98% in cases of stutterers and 82.04% in the group of controls (Students t = 7.4; p = 0.0001), and on the CSTS at 100% the figures were 56.56% and 73.16%, respectively, (Students t = 5.9; p = 0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each test by means of ROC curves, together with the cut-off point. Conclusion. Applying the CSTS in individuals who stutter helped us to identify disorders in the temporal processing of auditory information
Subject(s)
Humans , Stuttering/diagnosis , Speech Articulation Tests/methods , Case-Control Studies , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
AIMS: In children with articulatory defects it is important to evaluate the central auditory level. We compared the results of the interwave intervals of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) at 80 dB SPL (sound pressure level) and the latencies of the waves of long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEP) (vertex) in 5-year-old children with articulatory defects for /l/, /r/, /rr/ and /s/, and in controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of 5-year-old children of both sexes were evaluated; 25 had articulatory defects and 25 with no articulatory defects were used as controls. Melgar's articulation test was applied to both groups. The following aspects were considered in the two groups: normal bilateral audition by means of tone audiometry, tympanometry and the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for preschool and primary school children, which were normal; there was no history of neurological damage. Interwave intervals for waves I-III, I-V and III-V of the BAEP and the latencies of the LLAEP (vertex) were evaluated. RESULTS: Data were analysed using SPSS 12, and descriptive statistics and Student's t test were carried out to appraise the differences between the two groups. No differences were found between the control group and the study group. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to determine whether children with articulatory defects have alterations in the auditory receptor or in their central auditory function. It can be concluded that the variables analysed in the two groups behave in the same way; no significant differences were found, which suggests that neither the auditory receptor nor the central auditory function are affected in the study group. Further studies are to be conducted to investigate the meaning of the difference in central nervous conduction between the two afferences in the study group.
Subject(s)
Articulation Disorders/physiopathology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology , Hearing Disorders/physiopathology , Phonetics , Auditory Perception/physiology , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Language , MaleABSTRACT
Objetivo. En los niños con fallos articulatorios es importantevalorar el nivel auditivo central. Se comparan los resultadosde los intervalos interonda de los potenciales evocados auditivosde tallo cerebral (PEATC) a 80 dB SPL (nivel de presión sonora)y las latencias de las ondas de los potenciales evocados auditivosde latencia larga (PEALL) (de vértice) en niños de 5 años deedad con fallos articulatorios para /l/, /r/, /rr/ y /s/, y en controles.Sujetos y métodos. Se evaluaron 50 casos de niños de ambos sexos,de 5 años de edad; 25 con fallos articulatorios y 25 sin fallos articulatorios,como controles; a los dos grupos se les aplicó la pruebade articulación de Melgar. En ambos grupos se consideró: audiciónbilateral normal mediante audiometría tonal, timpanometría yescala de inteligencia de Wechsler para preescolar y primaria revisada,que fueron normales; ausencia de antecedentes de daño neurológico;se evaluaron intervalos interonda de las ondas I-III, I-V yIII-V de los PEATC y latencias de los PEALL (vértice). Resultados.Se analizaron los datos con el SPSS 12, y se realizó estadística descriptivay la t de Student para evaluar diferencias entre los grupos.No se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo control y el grupo deestudio. Conclusiones. Es importante descartar si los niños confallos articulatorios presentan alteraciones en el receptor auditivoo en su función auditiva central. Las variables analizadas en ambosgrupos se comportaron de la misma forma; no se hallaron diferenciassignificativas, lo cual sugiere que en el grupo de estudio noestá afectado su receptor auditivo ni su función auditiva central.Queda pendiente de investigar el significado de la diferencia de laconducción nerviosa central entre ambas aferencias del grupo deestudio
Aims. In children with articulatory defects it is important to evaluate the central auditory level. We compared theresults of the interwave intervals of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) at 80 dB SPL (sound pressure level) and thelatencies of the waves of long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEP) (vertex) in 5-year-old children with articulatorydefects for /l/, /r/, /rr/ and /s/, and in controls. Subjects and methods. Fifty cases of 5-year-old children of both sexes wereevaluated; 25 had articulatory defects and 25 with no articulatory defects were used as controls. Melgars articulation test wasapplied to both groups. The following aspects were considered in the two groups: normal bilateral audition by means of toneaudiometry, tympanometry and the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for preschool and primary school children, which werenormal; there was no history of neurological damage. Interwave intervals for waves I-III, I-V and III-V of the BAEP and thelatencies of the LLAEP (vertex) were evaluated. Results. Data were analysed using SPSS 12, and descriptive statistics andStudents t test were carried out to appraise the differences between the two groups. No differences were found between thecontrol group and the study group. Conclusions. It is important to determine whether children with articulatory defects havealterations in the auditory receptor or in their central auditory function. It can be concluded that the variables analysed in thetwo groups behave in the same way; no significant differences were found, which suggests that neither the auditory receptor northe central auditory function are affected in the study group. Further studies are to be conducted to investigate the meaning ofthe difference in central nervous conduction between the two afferences in the study group
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant , Humans , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology , Articulation Disorders , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Hearing Disorders , MexicoABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In this study, a new dichotic digit test in Spanish (NDDTS) was applied in order to identify auditory laterality. We also evaluated body laterality and spatial location using the Subirana test. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Both the dichotic test and the Subirana test for body laterality and spatial location were applied in a group of 40 children with dyslexia and in a control group made up of 40 children who were paired according to age and gender. The results of the three evaluations were analysed using the SPSS 10 software application, with Pearson's chi-squared test. RESULTS: It was seen that 42.5% of the children in the group of dyslexics had mixed auditory laterality, compared to 7.5% in the control group (p < or = 0.05). Body laterality was mixed in 25% of dyslexic children and in 2.5% in the control group (p < or = 0.05) and there was 72.5% spatial disorientation in the group of dyslexics, whereas only 15% (p < or = 0.05) was found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The NDDTS proved to be a useful tool for demonstrating that mixed auditory laterality and auditory predominance of the left ear are linked to dyslexia. The results of this test exceed those obtained for body laterality. Spatial orientation is indeed altered in children with dyslexia. The importance of this finding makes it necessary to study the central auditory processes in all cases in order to define better rehabilitation strategies in Spanish-speaking children.
Subject(s)
Dichotic Listening Tests , Dyslexia/physiopathology , Functional Laterality/physiology , Hearing/physiology , Space Perception/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/diagnosis , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/rehabilitation , Child , Child, Preschool , Dominance, Cerebral , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Introducción. En este estudio aplicamos una prueba dicótica nueva con dígitos en español (PNDDE) para identificar la lateralidad auditiva. También evaluamos la lateralidad corporal y la ubicación espacial por medio de la prueba de Subirana. Pacientes y métodos. En un grupo de 40 niños disléxicos y en un grupo control de 40 niños pareados por edad y género se aplicó la prueba dicótica y la prueba de Subirana para la lateralidad corporal y ubicación espacial. Los resultados de las tres evaluaciones se analizaron con el programa SPSS 10, con la prueba chi al cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados. Se observó que el grupo de disléxicos obtuvo un 42,5% de niños con lateralidad auditiva mixta, respecto al 7,5% del grupo control (p ≤ 0,05). La lateralidad corporal fue mixta en el 25% de los niños disléxicos y el 2,5% en el grupo control (p ≤ 0,05) y hubo desorientación espacial del 72,5% en el grupo de disléxicos, mientras que en el grupo control sólo se encontró el 15% (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusiones. Se corrobora la utilidad de la PNDDE para evidenciar que la lateralidad auditiva mixta y el predominio auditivo del oído izquierdo están relacionados con la dislexia. Los resultados de esta prueba superan a los de lateralidad corporal. La orientación espacial sí se encuentra alterada en los niños con dislexia. La trascendencia de este hallazgo implica el estudio de los procesos centrales de la audición en todos los casos, para definir mejores estrategias rehabilitadoras en los niños hispanoparlantes (AU)
Introduction. In this study, a new dichotic digit test in Spanish (NDDTS) was applied in order to identify auditory laterality. We also evaluated body laterality and spatial location using the Subirana test. Subjects and methods. Both the dichotic test and the Subirana test for body laterality and spatial location were applied in a group of 40 children with dyslexia and in a control group made up of 40 children who were paired according to age and gender. The results of the three evaluations were analysed using the SPSS 10 software application, with Pearsons chi-squared test. Results. It was seen that 42.5% of the children in the group of dyslexics had mixed auditory laterality, compared to 7.5% in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Body laterality was mixed in 25% of dyslexic children and in 2.5% in the control group (p ≤ 0.05) and there was 72.5% spatial disorientation in the group of dyslexics, whereas only 15% (p ≤ 0.05) was found in the control group. Conclusions. The NDDTS proved to be a useful tool for demonstrating that mixed auditory laterality and auditory predominance of the left ear are linked to dyslexia. The results of this test exceed those obtained for body laterality. Spatial orientation is indeed altered in children with dyslexia. The importance of this finding makes it necessary to study the central auditory processes in all cases in order to define better rehabilitation strategies in Spanish-speaking children (AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Dyslexia/physiopathology , Hearing Loss, Central/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Central/physiopathology , Dichotic Listening Tests/methods , Case-Control Studies , Dyslexia/pathology , Learning Disabilities , Language Disorders , Rehabilitation , Congenital AbnormalitiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyse perinatal adverse conditions related with birth weight in 160 children with hearing impairment-deafness (prelingual sensorineural hearing loss) according to medical data of a specialized medical unit in Mexico City. RESULTS: The average age of children was 4 years old +/- 1.7; 61% were male. 47.5% of the cases had a birthweight between 1,500 and 2,900 g. 90 cases (56%) had an abnormal delivery and 68 (42.5%) were first pregnancy cases. A high number of cases had delayed breathing, cyanosis, jaundice or respiratory failure. 104 cases (65%) had deafness and 56 (35%) presented. hearing loss. Only 11% of the children had a birth-weight under 1,500 g. 58% of all cases had a birth weight lower than 3,000 g. CONCLUSION: The quality of medical assistance provided during the perinatal period has a very important role in origin of hearing impairment--deafness in this group of children. It is important to increase our knowledge about the perinatal adverse conditions in order to establish preventive programs.
Subject(s)
Deafness/etiology , Hearing Loss/etiology , Obstetric Labor Complications , Registries , Catchment Area, Health , Child, Preschool , Deafness/epidemiology , Female , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Male , Maternal-Child Health Centers/standards , Mexico , Neonatal Screening/methods , Obstetric Labor Complications/epidemiology , PregnancyABSTRACT
Objetivo. Analizar las condiciones perinatales adversas en función del peso al nacimiento; en un grupo de 160 niños que cursan con hipoacusia-sordera prelingual sensorial, según registro en Unidad especializada de la Ciudad de México. Resultados. La edad promedio de los casos fue de 4 años ± 1,7; 61% de ellos de sexo masculino. El 47% tuvieron un peso entre 1,500 y 2,900 g.; 90 casos (56%) tuvieron parto distócico y 68 (42%) fueron productos de gesta I. Hubo elevada proporción de casos con respiración tardía, cianosis e ictericia, uso de incubadora y de UCIN. Tuvieron sordera 104 casos y 56 con hipoacusia. Sólo el 11% de los casos tuvieron peso <1,500 g. En 58% de los casos el peso fue <3,000 g. Conclusión: En los resultados se evidencia la influencia de la calidad de la atención médica perinatal, factores que deberán precisarse para establecer medidas de prevención apropiadas (AU)
OBJECTIVE: To analyse perinatal adverse conditions related with birth weight in 160 children with hearing impairment-deafness (prelingual sensorineural hearing loss) according to medical data of a specialized medical unit in Mexico City. RESULTS: The average age of children was 4 years old +/- 1.7; 61% were male. 47.5% of the cases had a birthweight between 1,500 and 2,900 g. 90 cases (56%) had an abnormal delivery and 68 (42.5%) were first pregnancy cases. A high number of cases had delayed breathing, cyanosis, jaundice or respiratory failure. 104 cases (65%) had deafness and 56 (35%) presented. hearing loss. Only 11% of the children had a birth-weight under 1,500 g. 58% of all cases had a birth weight lower than 3,000 g. CONCLUSION: The quality of medical assistance provided during the perinatal period has a very important role in origin of hearing impairment--deafness in this group of children. It is important to increase our knowledge about the perinatal adverse conditions in order to establish preventive programs (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Child, Preschool , Pregnancy , Male , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Registries , Obstetric Labor Complications/epidemiology , Deafness/etiology , Hearing Loss/etiology , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Maternal-Child Health Centers , Mexico , Neonatal Screening/methods , Catchment Area, HealthABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Working memory allows the retention of a limited amount of information for a brief period of time and the manipulation of that information. This study was undertaken to compare possible differences in working memory between dyslexic and control children. METHODS: To test the executive central process that controls attention, subjects were requested to assemble a 100-piece puzzle. To test the phonological loop, subjects were requested to repeat orally a 10-item list with the following characteristics: digits spanning two numbers; phonologically similar words, and unfamiliar pseudowords. The visuo-spatial sketchpad was tested by means of assembling a 25-piece puzzle. RESULTS: Forty dyslexic and and forty control children were studied. Dyslexic children recall a lesser number of similar words in the phonological loop and spend a longer time in puzzle assembly in the visuo-spatial sketchpad. No statistical difference in the central executive process was found. CONCLUSIONS: Present results suggest the importance of visuo-spatial and phonological loop alterations in dyslexic children that may result in difficulties with similar words and spatial information.
Subject(s)
Dyslexia/psychology , Memory, Short-Term , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Speech , Task Performance and Analysis , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
We investigated the frequency of migraine in first-degree relatives of a group of migraine patients in two Mexican populations, one urban and one rural, and in control groups from the same populations. In the urban population, familial aggregation of migraine was found in 52.7% of patients and in the rural in 38.7%. The differences between controls and subjects were statistically significant in both populations. Our findings support the importance of a hereditary factor in migraine but not an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
Subject(s)
Migraine Disorders/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Migraine Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Prevalence of headache was studied by house-to-house survey of a small remote Mexican village where the population was characterized by a low income and high rate of illiteracy. Severe headache was found in 8.9% of the male population and in 10.6% of the females. Approximately half of these individuals gave a history suggestive of headache with aura, but reinterview by a neurologist revealed that in one third of such histories the visual phenomena were probably not true aurae. Only in the over 35-year age-group was headache more prevalent in females. 'Incapacitating' headache was usually equated with 'severe' headache and was 10 times as frequent in the over 55-year age-group as in younger people. Sophisticated interviewers (neurologists) obtained different results from less trained interviewers.
