Pain Intensity, Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity, Central Sensitization, and Pain Catastrophizing Related to Vascular Alterations in Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Preliminary Case-Control Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pain intensity, widespread pressure pain, central sensitization (CS), and catastrophizing between subjects with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and healthy controls and to compare the relationships between vascular impairment and pain perception. METHODS: A preliminary case-control study was performed with a total sample of 57 participants (37 with RP). Sociodemographic data, clinical/vascular data, and pain variables (pain intensity, pressure pain sensitivity, pain magnitude and threshold, CS, and catastrophizing) were registered. Results were analyzed by analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Participants with RP had a lower basal temperature (more vasoconstriction) in their hands (P ≤ 0.012), higher pain intensity (P ≤ 0.001), higher electrical pain magnitude (P < 0.001), and lower pressure pain (P ≤ 0.05) and electrical pain (P < 0.001) thresholds in comparison with healthy controls. Secondary RP participants showed a significantly higher level of CS compared with controls and primary RP participants (P = 0.001). Catastrophizing was higher in the primary and secondary RP (P ≤ 0.001) groups than in controls. No correlations were observed between severity of vasoconstriction and pain variables. CONCLUSIONS: RP participants showed bilateral hypersensitivity to pressure pain. However, the severity of vascular alterations seems not to be related to central pain experiences. Additional mechanisms such as catastrophizing may influence pain in RP; nevertheless, central sensitization only appears to be involved in the secondary form of RP.

Relationship between resilience and stress: Perceived stress, stressful life events, HPA axis response during a stressful task and hair cortisol.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus about how resilience is related to the different types of stress such as daily or chronic stress and psychopathology. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between resilience and the different measures of stress such as perceived stress, chronic stress, life events, HPA axis response during a stressful task and psychopathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The design was cross-sectional. Resilience, perceived stress, stressful life events, hair cortisol and HPA axis response during Trier Social Stress Test measured by salivary cortisol samples and psychopathological symptoms were assessed in a sample of 80 University students. RESULTS: Participants with low resilience showed higher scores in perceived stress level (p < .001), the number of current life events (p < .02), the intensity of stressful events (p < .025) as well as Obsession and Compulsion (p = .006), Interpersonal Sensitivity (p = .028), Phobic Anxiety (p = .044) and psychopathological severity (p = .033). Resilience was associated with chronic stress by perceived stress (p < .001), hair cortisol concentration (p = .022), obsessions and compulsions (p = .016), interpersonal sensitivity (p = .022), and depression symptoms (p = .039). CONCLUSION: Resilience seems to be determinant in perceived stress, the number of current life events, the intensity of stressful events, chronic stress, obsession and compulsions, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety and depression symptoms, and psychopathological severity index.

El debate sobre el sistema de acreditación del profesorado en fisioterapia desde una perspectiva académica y científica / The debate on the teacher's accreditation system in physiotherapy from an academic and scientific perspective

No disponible

The influence of balance, physical disability, strength, mechanosensitivity and spinal mobility on physical activity at home, work and leisure time in women with fibromyalgia.

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease consisting of widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairments, among other symptoms, which affect daily physical activity. However, the influence of functional status on physical activity involved in leisure, household and work activities has not been researched previously. The main objective was to evaluate balance, strength, spinal mobility, mechanosensitivity and function levels as related factors of physical activity in female with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with Fibromyalgia and 22 matched controls were included in a cross-sectional study. Dynamic and static balance, general and daily activities disability, lumbosacral mechanosensitivity, spinal range of motion, lower limb strength, physical activity in leisure, household and work activities were registered. We tested for differences between groups by using independent sample t-tests. The influence of demographics, symptoms and physical outcomes on physical activity was statistically analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. FINDINGS: There was a significant association between leisure-time physical activity scores and age (r = 0.564), spinal flexion (r = 0.512), spinal extension (r = 0.421) and the total range of spinal inclination (r = 0.533). Fifty-eight percent of the variance of leisure-time physical activity was explained by age and range of spinal flexion-extension. Similarly, functional mobility was associated with physical activity at home and work scores (r = 0.459), explaining 21% of its variance. INTERPRETATION: A higher time spent in leisure, household and work activities was related to higher age, spinal range of motion and lower functional mobility in women with Fibromyalgia. Rehabilitation intervention programs should promote physical activity at home, work and leisure time.

Inpatient dependency in activities of daily living predicts informal caregiver strain: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate what factors influence caregiver strain in informal caregivers just before inpatients are discharged. BACKGROUND: Previous research has investigated the risk factors related to the burden on caregivers in different clinical contexts. However, the findings from studies analysing these factors just before inpatients are discharged are uncertain. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design. METHODS: The study involved 100 inpatients and 100 informal caregivers from seven different hospital units. Sociodemographic, clinical, functional and cognitive factors of inpatients-caregivers, and caregiver strains were recorded. Descriptive, bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Caregivers of inpatients at risk of ulcers had significantly higher scores of strain. Dependency in activities of daily living scores and cognitive status scores were statistically inversely proportional to caregiver strain. Almost 27% of total variance of caregiver strain was due to dependency in activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver strain was mainly associated with those situations in which the hospitalised patients presented the risk of ulcers, dependency and cognitive disorders, with dependency in activities of daily living being the factor that most influenced informal caregiver strain. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Dependency in activities of daily living, among other risk factors, should be evaluated at an early stage, monitored and controlled by hospital nursing staff. These strategies could protect and promote the well-being and quality of life of informal caregivers during patient hospitalisation and after discharge.

Estudio del síndrome metabólico y de la obesidad en pacientes en hemodiálisis / Study of the metabolic síndrome and obesity in hemodialysis patients

Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) está formado por un conjunto de alteraciones clínicas y bioquímicas es muy común entre los pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica y representa la principal causa de mortalidad en estos pacientes, 44% del total de pacientes sometidos a diálisis. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la prevalencia del Síndrome Metabólico y factores de riesgo asociados a su desarrollo, así como la prevalencia de la obesidad en pacientes en HD. Métodos: En este trabajo se ha seguido a 90 pacientes de ambos sexos con IRC que fueron tratados con hemodiálisis periódicamente en nuestra unidad durante diez años. A todos los pacientes se le realizaron mediciones trimestrales de albúmina plasmática (Alb), y otras determinaciones bioquímicas, y se les efectuaron mediciones antropométricas de peso, altura e índice de masa corporal calculado mediante la fórmula peso/talla2, agrupada en valores IMC según la OMS, se recogieron datos acerca de hipertensión, glucosa. Resultados: La prevalencia de SM fue del 25º% y de la obesidad fue, 45% sobrepeso tipo I; 30,8% de pacientes con sobrepeso tipo II y 12 ,2% obesas. Como factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos se obtuvieron el IMC, sobrepeso, triglicéridos, colesterol total y colesterol HDL así como la hipertensión y niveles elevados de glucosa. Conclusiones: El SM compromete la supervivencia del paciente hemodiálisis pudiendo apreciarse una alta prevalecía del mismo. Los factores de riesgo fundaménteles en el SM son la vigilancia del peso, IMC, triglicéridos y colesterol HDL, hipertensión y la diabetes (AU)

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a set of clinical and biochemical changes. It is very common among chronic hemodialysis patients, being the leading cause of death in these patients, 44% of all patients undergoing this therapy. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MS and risk factors associated with its development, as well as the prevalence of obesity in HD patients. Methods: This study has followed 90 patients of both sexes with chronic renal failure (CRF) who were treated with hemodialysis periodically in our unit for ten years. All patients were performed quarterly measurements of plasma albumin (A1b) and other biochemical analysis; besides, they underwent some anthropometric measurements like weight, height and body mass index (BMI). This was calculated using weight / size2 formula and grouped in BMI values according to WHO criteria. The data concerning hypertension and glucose were also considered. Results: The prevalence of MS was 25% and obesity was presented as follows: 45% with type I overweight; 30.8% with type II overweight and 12 patients (2%) were obese. Being statistically significant as risk factors, BMI, overweight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol as well as hypertension and elevated glucose levels were obtained. Conclusions: The metabolic syndrome compromises the patient survival causing a high prevalence in these patients. The principal risk factors in MS are monitoring weight, BMI, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes (AU)

[Study of the metabolic syndrome and obesity in hemodialysis patients]. / Estudio del síndrome metabólico y de la obesidad en pacientes en hemodiálisis.

INTRODUCTION: The metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a set of clinical and biochemical changes. It is very common among chronic hemodialysis patients, being the leading cause of death in these patients, 44% of all patients undergoing this therapy. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MS and risk factors associated with its development, as well as the prevalence of obesity in HD patients. METHODS: This study has followed 90 patients of both sexes with chronic renal failure (CRF) who were treated with hemodialysis periodically in our unit for ten years. All patients were performed quarterly measurements of plasma albumin (A1b) and other biochemical analysis; besides, they underwent some anthropometric measurements like weight, height and body mass index (BMI). This was calculated using weight / size2 formula and grouped in BMI values according to WHO criteria. The data concerning hypertension and glucose were also considered. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 25% and obesity was presented as follows: 45% with type I overweight; 30.8% with type II overweight and 12 patients (2%) were obese. Being statistically significant as risk factors, BMI, overweight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol as well as hypertension and elevated glucose levels were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic syndrome compromises the patient survival causing a high prevalence in these patients. The principal risk factors in MS are monitoring weight, BMI, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes.

Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) esta formado por un conjunto de alteraciones clínicas y bioquímicas es muy comun entre los pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica y representa la principal causa de mortalidad en estos pacientes, 44% del total de pacientes sometidos a diálisis. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la prevalencia del Sindrome Metabolico y factores de riesgo asociados a su desarrollo, asi como la prevalencia de la obesidad en pacientes en HD. Métodos: En este trabajo se ha seguido a 90 pacientes de ambos sexos con IRC que fueron tratados con hemodiálisis periódicamente en nuestra unidad durante diez años. A todos los pacientes se le realizaron mediciones trimestrales de albúmina plasmática (Alb), y otras determinaciones bioquimicas, y se les efectuaron mediciones antropométricas de peso, altura e índice de masa corporal calculado mediante la formula peso/talla2, agrupada en valores IMC según la OMS, se recogieron datos acerca de hipertensión, glucosa. Resultados: La prevalencia de SM fue del 25º% y de la obesidad fue, 45% sobrepeso tipo I; 30,8% de pacientes con sobrepeso tipo II y 12 ,2% obesas. Como factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos se obtuvieron el IMC, sobrepeso, triglicéridos, colesterol total y colesterol HDL así como la hipertensión y niveles elevados de glucosa. Conclusiones: El SM compromete la supervivencia del paciente hemodiálisis pudiendo apreciarse una alta prevalecia del mismo. Los factores de riesgo fundamenteles en el SM son la vigilancia del peso, IMC, trigliceridos y colesterol HDL, hipertension y la diabetes.

Cómo perciben los mayores la labor asistencial de los jóvenes profesionales sanitarios / How the elderly ones perceive the welfare labor of the sanitary professional young ones

La problemática que coexiste hoy en día en cuestionessocioeconómicas en políticas relacionadas con la actividadasistencial del anciano desde distintos puntos devista, lo afecta claramente a él y al entorno más inmediato,incluido al personal de enfermería que vela por susalud. Para hacer un análisis de la percepción que tieneel anciano sobre el personal de enfermería más joven, seha hecho uso de los “mapas mentales” descritos por Buzán.El motivo principal se basa en la relación que deambos se deriva, sobre todo, en centros geriátricos. Losmapas mentales nos ilustran sobre ideas preconcebidas ysocialmente aprendidas que tiene el anciano desde la infancia,en torno a la segregación de género a nivel personal,social y profesional. Todo ello dificulta la labor delpersonal, ya de por sí estresado debido a la inexperienciay a la dura transición al mercado laboral, traduciéndose,con el paso del tiempo, en conductas no deseables de losresidentes y problemas de salud para los trabajadores (AU)

The problem that exists today in socio-economic issues inpolicies related to the activity care of the elderly from differentpoints of view, it affects clearly to him and the immediatesurroundings, including the nursing personnel thatensures their health. To make an analysis of the perceptionof the elderly on the nursing personnel more young has beenmade use of the “mental maps” described by Buzán. Themain reason is based on the relationship of both stems, especiallyin geriatric centers. The mental maps illustrate uson preconceived ideas and socially learned that has the eldersince childhood around gender segregation to personallevel, social and professional. All this makes the work of thestaff, already stressed due to inexperience and the harshtransition to the labor market, translated with the passageof time in conduct not desirable for residents and healthproblems for workers (AU)