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4.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 69(3): 253-256, mar. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1103

ABSTRACT

El éxito de la cirugía depende en gran medida de que se reduzcan al mínimo las complicaciones postoperatorias, muchas de las cuales pueden preverse, y es posible tomar medidas con esta finalidad; entre otras, prestando especial interés a la técnica quirúrgica. Se revisan retrospectivamente las complicaciones de los pacientes operados por patología colorrectal entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 1998. Se ha analizado la edad, sexo, diagnóstico preoperatorio, tipo de cirugía (urgente o programada), técnica quirúrgica realizada y morbimortalidad. Han sido intervenidos 378 pacientes, 218 varones (55,5 por ciento) y 168 mujeres (44,5 por ciento), con una edad media de 53 años (rango, 14-97). Se indicó cirugía urgente en 140 casos (36,9 por ciento) y programada en 238 (62,9 por ciento). El diagnóstico preoperatorio fue, en orden decreciente, adenocarcinoma de intestino grueso, diverticulitis, obstrucción y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. La mortalidad global fue del 10,5 por ciento (un 20 por ciento de los casos urgentes y un 3,8 por ciento de los programados).Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la infección de herida, las respiratorias, genitourinarias, anemización y dehiscencia, con mayor número en la cirugía colorrectal urgente (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Colorectal Surgery , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies
5.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 69(3): 324-329, mar. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1093

ABSTRACT

La agresión provoca una fase aguda de estimulación neuroendocrina, neuropeptídica y de mediadores lipídicos, que puede superarse espontáneamente, o bien perpetuarse y evolucionar hacia situaciones de disfunción y fracaso uni o multiorgánico. El soporte nutrometabólico en el paciente crítico plantea una serie de interrogantes todavía no resueltos: necesidades cuanti y cualitativas. La respuesta hipermetabólica propia del paciente en situación de estrés no se correlaciona con un aumento proporcional del gasto energético. Un aporte excesivo, por sobrestimación, puede añadir un factor de estrés secundario causado por la hipernutrición y la sobrecarga de sustratos. Por otra parte, el aporte de un sustrato considerado adecuado no garantiza necesariamente, en el paciente agredido, una eficaz utilización metabólica, ya que ésta, en la situación de estrés, depende del contexto neuroendocrino, de la acción de los mediadores y del mantenimiento de variables fisiológicas alteradas en el paciente crítico. Consideramos que el soporte nutricional resulta menos eficaz a medida que aumenta la gravedad de la respuesta al estrés. Debe ser instaurado precozmente, y su constitución estará gobernada tanto por la respuesta conseguida como por la condición clínica cambiante del paciente. Nuestra meta es conseguir en este complejo medio un adecuado aporte de hidratos de carbono (glucosa o no glucosa), lípidos, aminoácidos y otros nutrientes esenciales (vitaminas, micronutrientes y elementos traza), sin olvidar las nuevas posibilidades de aporte de sustratos: nucleótidos, péptidos, arginina, glutamina, ácido oleico (w-9) y aceites de pescado (w-3), cuyos efectos terapéuticos en algunos de ellos no han pasado, por el momento, de la fase del "razonamiento fisiopatológico" Parece posible que con un mejor conocimiento de las interacciones entre el hipotálamo, hormonas convencionales, mediadores celulares, moléculas de adhesión y óxido nítrico en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad pueda ser factible desarrollar alternativas terapéuticas basadas tanto en un adecuado soporte nutricional (cuanti, cualitativo y temporal), como hormonal (GH, IGF-1, insulina, esteroides anabólicos), y farmacológico que actúen como moduladores del metabolismo de los sustratos nutrientes durante la compleja fase metabólica de la enfermedad crítica (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Critical Illness , Endocrinology , Aggression , Nutritional Support , Stress, Physiological , Patient Care Management
6.
Am J Surg ; 182(5): 531-3, 2001 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11754865

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease confined to the vermiform appendix is rare. In our study, the incidence was 0.2% of all patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease at La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, in 20 years. METHODS: Here we review the clinical records of 10 patients with isolated appendiceal Crohn's disease. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnosis was acute appendicitis in all 10 cases, and all patients underwent appendectomy. Postoperative complications were limited to an enterocutaneous fistula in 1 patient. There was no evidence of recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 14.5 years (range 2 to 25 year). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that Crohn's disease when confined to the appendix is less aggressive than in other sections of the intestine, with a low recurrence rate and incidence of postoperative fistula.


Subject(s)
Appendix , Cecal Diseases/diagnosis , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Appendectomy , Appendicitis/diagnosis , Cecal Diseases/surgery , Child , Crohn Disease/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications , Recurrence
7.
Hepatogastroenterology ; 47(35): 1458-61, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11100376

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tumors of the endocrine pancreas are infrequent, and their malignant behavior is assessed only in the presence of lymph node or hepatic metastases. We present 9 new cases from the past 11 years. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the clinical records of 9 patients diagnosed of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, analyzing age, sex, past medical history, symptoms, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, imaging studies, operative findings, pathological diagnosis, mortality, morbidity and hospital stay. RESULTS: There were 5 women and 4 men, with a mean age of 48.7 years. In 4 patients the tumor presented with hypoglycemia. Malignant behavior was observed in 2 cases. We discuss the origin and classification of these tumors, as well as the best diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS: Endocrine tumors of the pancreas affect middle aged men and women, presenting with specific signs or symptoms in less than half of the cases. In small tumors preoperative or intraoperative localization may be difficult. Most of the lesions are localized in the tail of the pancreas, and malignant behavior is seen in less than 25% of the cases.


Subject(s)
Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , C-Peptide/blood , Female , Humans , Insulin/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis , Neuroendocrine Tumors/physiopathology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms/physiopathology
8.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(3): 211-213, sept. 2000. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5580

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El melanoma es la neoplasia maligna más agresiva y menos frecuente del segmento anorrectal, entre el 1 y el 2 por ciento de todos los tumores de la región. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido revisar los casos de melanoma anorrectal atendidos en nuestro hospital. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de los 10 pacientes con melanoma anal tratados entre 1966 y 1998. Resultados. La rectorragia fue el síntoma más frecuente, seguida por la proctalgia y el tenesmo. En todos los pacientes se realizó rectocolonoscopia y biopsia de la lesión. En el momento del diagnóstico 3 pacientes presentaban metástasis a distancia. Todos fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente, realizándose extirpación local en seis y amputación abdominoperineal en cuatro. El tamaño medio del tumor fue de 4 cm (rango, 3-6 cm). La supervivencia media fue de 11 meses. Conclusiones. El melanoma anorrectal es un tumor infrecuente que presenta una clínica similar a la de otras lesiones benignas o malignas del canal anal, lo que dificulta y retrasa su diagnóstico. El tratamiento es fundamentalmente quirúrgico, no aportando beneficios ni la quimioterapia ni la radioterapia. La supervivencia depende del tamaño y del estadio de la enfermedad en el momento del diagnóstico, siendo la detección precoz de esta lesión el único factor que puede mejorar el pronóstico (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Biopsy , Biopsy/methods , Melanoma/surgery , Melanoma/complications , Melanoma/diagnosis , Melanoma/classification , Melanoma/drug therapy , Melanoma/radiotherapy , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/complications , Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Anus Neoplasms/drug therapy , Anus Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/complications , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Rectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Rectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Retrospective Studies , Amputation, Surgical , Amputation, Surgical/methods , Abdomen/surgery , Abdomen/pathology , Neoplasm Metastasis/physiopathology , Neoplasm Metastasis
9.
Hepatogastroenterology ; 46(28): 2144-8, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10521957

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our aim is to present our experience with acute emphysematous cholecystitis (AEC), a severe variety of acute cholecystitis characterized by early gangrene and perforation of the gallbladder. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the clinical records of 20 patients with AEC, analyzing age, sex, past medical history, symptoms, laboratory tests, X-rays, ultrasounds, operative and microbiological findings, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Our study included 13 men and 7 women (mean age 59 years). Associated factors were diabetes mellitus (11 cases) and gallstones (6 cases, 3 of them with common bile duct stones). Clinical symptom presentation included: right hypochondrial pain and fever in all cases, vomiting in 9, septic shock in 3, jaundice in 7, and peritonitis in 8. Hyperbilirubinemia was present in 7 cases. Plain abdominal X-rays or ultrasounds led to diagnosis in 95% of the cases. Surgical findings were AEC in all cases, pericholecystic abscess in 8, gallbladder necrosis in 7 and bile peritonitis in 3. C perfringens, E coli and B fragilis were the most frequent pathogens. Mortality rate was 25%, and morbidity 50%. CONCLUSIONS: AEC predominantly affects elderly diabetic men. Abdominal X-rays or ultrasounds are good diagnostic techniques, and emergency surgery is needed due to the high incidence of gangrene and perforation Despite all the efforts made, morbidity and mortality are still high.


Subject(s)
Cholecystitis , Emphysema , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cholecystitis/diagnosis , Cholecystitis/mortality , Cholecystitis/surgery , Emphysema/diagnosis , Emphysema/mortality , Emphysema/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
10.
Hepatogastroenterology ; 45(23): 1918-21, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9840176

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this paper is to expose our experience in malignant stromal tumors of the stomach. METHODOLOGY: We present 16 cases of malignant stromal tumors of the stomach, operated on in our hospital from 1977 to 1995. Age, sex, symptoms and signs, standard laboratory tests, diagnostic methods, location, size, infiltration of other organs, proliferating activity, treatment and survival rate are analyzed. Immune staining was performed using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, with the S-100 1/8000 and muscular actin 1/50 antiserum. All patients underwent surgical treatment, and neither chemotherapy nor radiotherapy were used. RESULTS: Thirteen patients died 5 to 78 months after surgery, and the other 3 are alive and free of disease 74, 48 and 38 months after resection, respectively. Five year survival rate was 37.5%. The most important prognostic factors were tumor size, infiltration of neighboring organs and high mitotic index. CONCLUSION: All the clinical data, survival rates and prognostic factors are similar to other published cases. Surgery is the first step in the treatment of these tumors, as the role of other therapeutic options is not well known yet.


Subject(s)
Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Survival Rate
14.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 82(5): 347-9, 1992 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1485987

ABSTRACT

Report of a case of abdominal actinomycosis, including the cecoapendicular region, that clinically presented as lower digestive bleeding, and was diagnosed by the anatomopathological study of the surgical resection specimen, since the patient was operated with the preoperative diagnosis of vascular malformation. This type of presentation is uncommon in abdominal actinomycosis, and explains the presentation of this clinical case.


Subject(s)
Actinomycosis/complications , Cecal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/microbiology , Ileal Diseases/complications , Cecal Diseases/microbiology , Humans , Ileal Diseases/microbiology , Male , Middle Aged
16.
Rev Esp Enferm Apar Dig ; 76(3): 222-8, 1989 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2573114

ABSTRACT

We present six cases of postoperative pancreatic fistulas treated with complete diet and total parenteral nutrition. Due to the slow closure of the fistula, we added somatostatin to treatment (doses specified in the report). Flow disappeared completely in all cases, and the fistula was successfully closed in 5 of the 6 cases. There were no side effects due to the medication. We emphasize that the results of somatostatin treatment were favorable, achieving early closure of the fistula and reducing the complications derived from it.


Subject(s)
Fistula/therapy , Pancreatic Fistula/therapy , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Skin Diseases/therapy , Somatostatin/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Clinical Trials as Topic , Combined Modality Therapy , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Evaluation , Female , Fistula/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pancreatic Fistula/drug therapy , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Skin Diseases/drug therapy , Somatostatin/administration & dosage
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