Assessing the effects of bladder decellularization protocols on extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, mechanics, and biology.

INTRODUCTION: Acellular matrices have historically been applied as biologic scaffolds in surgery, wound care, and tissue engineering, albeit with inconsistent outcomes. One aspect that varies widely between products is the selection of decellularization protocol, yet few studies assess comparative effectiveness of these protocols in preserving mechanics, and protein content. This study characterizes bladder acellular matrix (BAM) using two different detergent and enzymatic protocols, evaluating effects on nuclei and DNA removal (≥90%), structure, tensile properties, and maintenance of extracellular matrix proteins. METHODS: Porcine bladders were decellularized with 0.5% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) or 0.25% Trypsin-hypotonic-Triton X-100 hypertonic (TT)-based agitation protocols, followed by DNase/RNase agents. Characterization of BAM included decellularization efficacy (DAPI, DNA quantification), structure (histology and scanning electron microscopy), tensile testing (Instron 345C-1 mechanical tester), and protein presence and diversity (mass spectrometry). SDS and TT data was directly compared to the same native bladder using two-tailed paired t-tests. Native, TT, and SDS cohorts for tensile testing were compared using one-way ANOVA; Tukey's post-hoc tests for among group differences. RESULTS: Effective nuclei removal was achieved by SDS- and TT-based protocols. However, target DNA removal was achieved with SDS but not TT. SDS more effectively maintained qualitative tissue architecture compared to TT. The tensile modulus of the TT cohort increased, and stretchability decreased after decellularization in both SDS and TT. UTS was unaffected by either protocol. Higher overall diversity and quantity of core matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins was maintained in the SDS vs TT cohort post-decellularization. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that detergent selection affects multiple aspects of the resultant BAM biologic product. In the selected protocols, SDS was superior to TT efficacy, and maintenance of gross tissue architecture as well as maintenance of ECM proteins. Decellularization increased scaffold resistance to deformation in both cohorts. Future studies applying biologic scaffolds must consider the processing method and agents used to ensure that materials selected are optimized for characteristics that will facilitate effective translational use.

[Surgical treatment of laryngotracheal stenoses. Our experience]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico de las estenosis laringotraqueales: nuestra experiencia.

Laryngo-tracheal stenoses (LTS) treatment is a problem of difficult management for the otolaryngologist. There are many and varied techniques in order to solve the conundrum. The aim of this article is to analyze retrospectively the outcomes of surgical treatment of LTS in our Institution. We have checked 11 cases (9 men and 2 women, arithmetic mean 30.7 years) operated through surgical procedures during a 6 years lapse of time. All patients were endotracheally intubated prior the stenosis appearance. Stenosis location most encountered were subglottic-tracheal combination. To the end of the study 44 percent of the series was successfully cured and the 33 percent only partially recovered. The employed techniques (endoscopic or open surgery) are revised at the light of today's literature.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las estenosis laringotraqueles: nuestra experiencia / Surgical treatment of laryngo tracheal stenoses. Our experience

El tratamiento de las estenosis laringotraqueales (ELT) es un problema de difícil manejo para el otorrinolaringólogo. Para su resolución existen numerosas y variadas técnicas. EL objetivo de este estudio es analizar retrospectivamente los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de las ELT en nuestra institución. Revisamos 11 pacientes () varones y 2 mujeres, edad media de 30,7 años) en los que se realizaron 20 procedimientos quirúrgicos en un período de 6 años. Todos los pacientes estuvieron intubados endotraquealmente antes de la formación de la estenosis. La localización de la obstruciión más frecuente fue la subglototraqueal combinada. Al final del estudio el 44 por ciento de la serie fue tratado con éxito y en un 33 por ciento adicional se obtuvo un éxito parcial. Las técnicas empleadas (endoscópicas o quirúrgicas abiertas) son revisadas a la luz de la literatura (AU)

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Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and tobacco consumption in an urban adult Mexican population.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of some of the main coronary risk factors in an open Mexican adult population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that includes individuals from eight different cities. Except for Mexico City, all centers were located in medium-sized cities ranging from 1 to 5 million inhabitants. Eligible subjects were adults 20 years of age or older. Exclusion criteria included subjects seeking medical attention due to an acute illness or individuals unable to provide the requested information or written consent to participate in the study. Men (n = 567) and women (n = 1,018) were included. A previously validated interview was conducted. A questionnaire assessed demographic and lifestyle factors. Capillary glucose concentration and blood pressure were obtained. Remarkably, 40% of the population had a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 kg/m(2); an additional 28% had a BMI >30 kg/m(2). A large proportion of the individuals had abdominal fat distribution (62% of men and 81% of women). At the time of the evaluation, 30% of men and 18% of women were regular smokers. RESULTS: Blood pressure >140/90 mmHg was found in 29.4% of the population. Less than one half of the subjects had a previous measurement of plasma cholesterol (47%) or triglycerides (42%). The prevalence of diabetes was 9.02%. A significant percentage of these subjects were <40 years of age (18.8% of the diabetic population). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in the population reported here is among the highest reported in Mexican populations.

[Wegener granulomatosis. 5 clinical case reports]. / Granulomatosis de Wegener. A propósito de cinco casos clínicos.

Wegener's granulomatosis has progressively acquired more significance from the otolaryngologist point of view. Its usual debut at ENT-territory, the occurrence of limited forms to the upper airway and the conviction that the nose is the best site for biopsies, makes the otolaryngologist the first line specialist for the actual diagnosis. We report the last 5 cases seen at our Department and furthermore review the nowadays knowledges on the Syndrome.