Dor lombar em estudantes universitários: qual o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19? / Dolor lumbar en universitarios: ¿cuál es el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19? / Low back pain in university students: what is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic?

RESUMO O isolamento social decorrente da pandemia de COVID-19 alterou os hábitos da população e levantou questões relacionadas à saúde, por exemplo, a dor lombar. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência e o risco de cronicidade de dor lombar em universitários durante o isolamento social. Para isso, foi utilizado um questionário on-line. O instrumento STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) foi utilizado para verificar a dor lombar. Os fatores investigados foram: dados sociodemográficos, informações sobre dor e informações sobre comportamento sedentário e atividade física. Utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado para heterogeneidade de proporções. A análise ajustada foi realizada mediante regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A amostra foi composta por 208 estudantes. Verificou-se que universitários com companheiro apresentaram duas vezes mais chance de dor (RP=2,07; IC95%) em comparação aos solteiros. A prevalência de dor lombar foi de 48,1%; sendo 87% maior nas mulheres (RP=1,87; IC95%: 1,09-3,21; p=0,027) quando comparadas aos homens. Universitários com comportamento sedentário apresentaram uma probabilidade 35% maior de ter dor lombar (RP=1,36; IC95%: 1,02-1,81; p=0,038); e obesos 42% (RP=1,42; IC95%: 1,04-1,94; p=0,032). O risco de cronicidade foi baixo em 82% da amostra. A dor lombar esteve presente na vida de muitas pessoas durante o isolamento social imposto pela COVID-19. Trata-se de um problema comum, limitante, e que deve ser considerado e tratado como prioridade em saúde e pesquisa.

RESUMEN El aislamiento social derivado de la pandemia del COVID-19 ha cambiado los hábitos de la población y planteado problemas relacionados con la salud, como el dolor lumbar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia y el riesgo de dolor lumbar crónico en estudiantes universitarios durante el aislamiento social. Para ello, se utilizó un cuestionario en línea. Se utilizó la herramienta STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) para detectar el dolor lumbar. Los factores investigados fueron: datos sociodemográficos, información sobre el dolor e información sobre sedentarismo y actividad física. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado para la heterogeneidad de proporciones. El análisis ajustado se realizó mediante la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. La muestra estuvo conformada por 208 estudiantes. Se encontró que los estudiantes universitarios con pareja tenían el doble de probabilidades de tener dolor (RP=2,07; IC95%) en comparación con los estudiantes solteros. La prevalencia de dolor lumbar fue de 48,1%; siendo un 87% mayor en mujeres (RP=1,87; IC95%: 1,09-3,21; p=0,027) en comparación con los hombres. Los universitarios con comportamiento sedentario tenían un 35% más de probabilidad de tener dolor lumbar (RP=1,36; IC95%: 1,02-1,81; p=0,038); y obesos 42% (RP=1,42; IC95%: 1,04-1,94; p=0,032). El riesgo de cronicidad fue bajo en el 82% de la muestra. El dolor lumbar estuvo presente en la vida de muchas personas durante el aislamiento social provocado por el COVID-19. Es un problema común, limitante, que debe ser considerado y tratado como una prioridad en salud e investigación.

ABSTRACT The social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the population's habits and raised health-related issues, such as low back pain. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk of chronic low back pain in university students during the social isolation of COVID-19. We used an online questionnaire, the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST), to check for low back pain. The factors investigated: sociodemographic data, pain, sedentary behavior, and physical activity. For proportion heterogeneity, we used the chi-square test. The adjusted analysis used Poisson regression with robust variance. A total of 208 students participated in the sample. University students with a partner were twice as likely to have pain (PR=2.07; 95%CI). The prevalence of low back pain was 48.1%; 87% (PR=1.87; 95%CI: 1.09-3.21; p=0.027) higher in women. University students with obesity were 42% more likely to have low back pain (PR=1.42; 95%CI: 1.04-1.94; p=0.032); and with sedentary behavior were 35% more likely to have low back pain (PR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.02-1.81; p=0.038). In total, 82% of the sample presented low risk of chronicity. Many people presented low back pain during the social isolation imposed by COVID-19. This is a common, limiting problem that must be considered and treated as a health and research priority.

Self-reported type 2 diabetes Mellitus is associated with abdominal obesity and poor perception of health in shift workers / Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 associada com obesidade abdominal e autopercepção de saúde em trabalhadores de turnos

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate factors that are associated with type 2 diabetes Mellitus in shift workers of a slaughterhouse in Southern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,194 18- to 50-year-old workers of both sexes. The presence of type 2 diabetes Mellitus was self-reported and confirmed by the use of hypoglycemic drugs or insulin. The independent variables were sex, age, skin color, marital status, education level, family income, leisure time physical activity, smoking, and self-reported health and nutritional status (body mass index and waist circumference). Multivariate analysis was performed from an a priori conceptual model. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 1.3% (95%CI=0.6-1.9). Type 2 diabetes Mellitus was associated with poor or regular self-reported health (OR)=3.72; 95%CI=1.28-10.78) and level II abdominal obesity ³102 for men and ³88 for women (OR=5.76; 95%CI=1.07-29.10). Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes Mellitus was low. Moreover, the study evidenced the importance of using waist circumference to surveil and screen for metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes Mellitus, and to monitor the low quality of life in the study individuals given the poor self-perceived health of workers with the said disease.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores associados à diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em trabalhadores de turnos de frigorífico de frango no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 1.194 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos. A presença de diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 foi avaliada por meio de autorrelato e confirmada pelo uso de medicação hipoglicemiante ou insulina. As variáveis independentes foram: sexo, idade, cor da pele, situação conjugal, escolaridade, renda familiar, atividade física de lazer, tabagismo, autopercepção de saúde e estado nutricional (índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura). Conduziu-se a análise multivariada, a partir de um modelo conceitual a priori. Resultados: A prevalência de diabetes foi de 1,3% (IC95%: 0,6-1,9). A diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 esteve associada à auto-percepção de saúde regular ou ruim (RO=3,72; IC 95% 1,28-10,78) e à obesidade abdominal nível II - ³ 102 para homens e ³88 para mulheres (RO=5,76 CI95%1,07-29,10). Conclusão: Foi encontrada baixa prevalência de diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Além disso, evidenciou-se a importância do uso da medida de circunferência da cintura na vigilância e rastreamento de doenças metabólicas, como é o caso da diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, bem como a vigilância da baixa qualidade de vida desses indivíduos, por meio da autopercepção de saúde ruim dos trabalhadores com a patologia em questão.

Psychiatric disorders and menopause symptoms in Brazilian women.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between minor psychiatric disorders and menopause symptoms and their associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 615 women aged 40 to 65 years treated in a public menopause and gynecological outpatient clinic in the South Region of Brazil. Minor psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and menopause symptoms using the Menopause Rating Scale. Score for menopause symptoms was categorized into three levels of symptoms: mild, moderate, and severe. Multivariate analyses used ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe menopause symptoms was 34.1% (95% CI 30.3-37.9), 29.6% (95% CI 25.8-33.1), and 36.3% (95% CI 32.4-40.0), respectively. The overall prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders was 66.6% (95% CI 62.8-70.3). After adjustment, the odds ratio (OR) of the occurrence of menopause symptoms were approximately eight times higher in women relating minor psychiatric disorders compared with those without such disorders (OR = 7.76; 95% CI 5.27-11.44). The following factors were also associated with the menopause symptoms: women older than 50 years, living with a partner, lower educational level, smokers, larger number of pregnancies, obese, and those using psychotropic and/or postmenopause medication. CONCLUSIONS: The minor psychiatric disorders exhibited strong association with the presence of menopause symptoms independently of sociodemographic, behavioral, and reproductive factors, and of use of psychotropic medication.

[Cost-effectiveness in health in Brazil: a systematic review]. / Estudos de custo-efetividade em saúde no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática.

A systematic review was performed with the aim of describing the landscape and evolution of cost-effectiveness studies in health in Brazil. The search for articles on cost-effectiveness was performed in the main electronic health databases. The review identified 83 cost-effectiveness studies conducted nationwide. Between the years 1990-2005 there were few studies published on cost-effectiveness, though between 2006 and 2014 there was a significant increase in the number of publications. As for the themes and objectives of the studies, the chronic degenerative diseases and infectious/contagious diseases reflect the epidemiological diversity of Brazil. A predominance of studies on health intervention/treatment was identified. Thus, this review reveals a compatible Brazilian epidemiological reality scenario, indicating a need to increase research and investment of funds in the area of preventive health.

Estudos de custo-efetividade em saúde no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática / Cost-effectiveness in health in Brazil: a systematic review

ResumoFoi realizada uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de descrever o panorama e a evolução de estudos de custo-efetividade em saúde no Brasil. A busca de artigos sobre esse assunto foi feita nas principais bases de dados da área da saúde. A revisão identificou 83 estudos de custo-efetividade realizados em âmbito nacional. Entre os anos de 1990 a 2005 houve poucos estudos publicados sobre custo-efetividade e entre 2006 e 2014 houve um aumento expressivo do número de publicações. Quanto aos temas e objetivos dos estudos, as doenças de caráter crônico-degenerativas e as infectocontagiosas refletem a diversidade epidemiológica do Brasil. Identificou-se uma predominância dos estudos relativos à intervenção/tratamentos em saúde. Assim, a presente revisão revela um cenário compatível com a realidade epidemiológica brasileira, indicando uma necessidade no aumento de estudos e investimentos de recursos na área da prevenção em saúde.

AbstractA systematic review was performed with the aim of describing the landscape and evolution of cost-effectiveness studies in health in Brazil. The search for articles on cost-effectiveness was performed in the main electronic health databases. The review identified 83 cost-effectiveness studies conducted nationwide. Between the years 1990-2005 there were few studies published on cost-effectiveness, though between 2006 and 2014 there was a significant increase in the number of publications. As for the themes and objectives of the studies, the chronic degenerative diseases and infectious/contagious diseases reflect the epidemiological diversity of Brazil. A predominance of studies on health intervention/treatment was identified. Thus, this review reveals a compatible Brazilian epidemiological reality scenario, indicating a need to increase research and investment of funds in the area of preventive health.

Job characteristics and musculoskeletal pain among shift workers of a poultry processing plant in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between job characteristics and musculoskeletal pain among shift workers employed at a 24-hour poultry processing plant in Southern Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,103 production line workers aged 18-52 years. The job characteristics of interest were shift (day/night), shift duration, and plant sector ambient temperature. Musculoskeletal pain was defined as self-reported occupational-related pain in the upper or lower extremities and trunk, occurring often or always, during the last 12 months. RESULTS: The mean (SD) participant age was 30.8 (8.5) years, and 65.7% of participants were women. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was greater among female participants than male participants. After adjustment for job characteristics and potential confounders, the prevalence ratios (PR) of lower extremity musculoskeletal pain among female workers employed in extreme-temperature conditions those working the night shift, and those who had been working longer on the same shift were 1.75 (95% CI 1.12, 2.71), 1.69 (95% CI 1.05, 2.70), and 1.64 (95% CI 1.03, 2.62), respectively. In male workers, only extreme-temperature conditions showed a significant association with lower extremity musculoskeletal pain (PR=2.17; 95% CI 1.12, 4.22) after adjustment analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a need for implementation of measures to mitigate the damage caused by nighttime work and by working under extreme temperature conditions, especially among female shift workers, such as changing positions frequently during work and implementation of rest breaks and a workplace exercise program, so as to improve worker quality of life.

[Dietary patterns in menopausal women receiving outpatient care in Southern Brazil]. / Padrões alimentares de mulheres no climatério em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil.

The scope of this paper is to identify dietary patterns and the relationship with menopausal status. It involved a cross-sectional study with 646 women in outpatient care in southern Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed by a frequency questionnaire and five dietary patterns were identified by main component analysis. The menopausal status was classified as premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Five dietary patterns were identified: fruit and vegetables; Brazilian fare (rice, beans and milk); snacks (cake, burgers, pizza and sweetbread); health diet (fish, fruit juice, bread and vegetable soup), and regional (typical food in the Serra Gaucha, like red meat, pasta and yams). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, there was no significant association between menopausal status and dietary patterns. Only age, education and income were associated with dietary patterns. Five dietary patterns that described the food consumption of the population studied were identified, which are similar to those indicated as ideal for the Brazilian population. The findings reveal that the dietary pattern of women in menopause are significantly influenced by age, education and income but are not influenced by the menopausal status per se.

Padrões alimentares de mulheres no climatério em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil / Dietary patterns in menopausal women receiving outpatient care in Southern Brazil

Objetivo: Identificar os padrões alimentares e sua relação com o estado menopáusico. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 646 mulheres em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por questionário de frequência e cinco padrões alimentares foram identificados através da análise de componentes principais. O estado menopáusico foi classificado em pré-menopausa, perimenopausa e pós-menopausa. Resultados: Identificaram-se cinco padrões alimentares: frutas e verduras, brasileiro (arroz, feijão e leite), lanches (bolo, xis, pizza, cuca), prudente (peixe, suco natural, pão integral e sopa de legumes) e regional (alimentos típicos na serra gaúcha como carnes vermelhas, aipim e massas). Após ajuste para características sociodemográficas, não verificou-se associação significativa entre o estado menopáusico e os padrões alimentares. Apenas idade, escolaridade e renda mostraram-se associadas com padrões alimentares. Conclusão: Foram identificados cinco padrões alimentares que descreveram o consumo alimentar da população estudada, sendo estes semelhantes ao indicado como ideal para a população brasileira. Nossos achados indicam que o padrão alimentar das mulheres no climatério possui influência significativa da idade, escolaridade e renda e que não sofre influência do estado menopáusico. .

The scope of this paper is to identify dietary patterns and the relationship with menopausal status. It involved a cross-sectional study with 646 women in outpatient care in southern Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed by a frequency questionnaire and five dietary patterns were identified by main component analysis. The menopausal status was classified as premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Five dietary patterns were identified: fruit and vegetables; Brazilian fare (rice, beans and milk); snacks (cake, burgers, pizza and sweetbread); health diet (fish, fruit juice, bread and vegetable soup), and regional (typical food in the Serra Gaucha, like red meat, pasta and yams). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, there was no significant association between menopausal status and dietary patterns. Only age, education and income were associated with dietary patterns. Five dietary patterns that described the food consumption of the population studied were identified, which are similar to those indicated as ideal for the Brazilian population. The findings reveal that the dietary pattern of women in menopause are significantly influenced by age, education and income but are not influenced by the menopausal status per se.

Association between work shift and the practice of physical activity among workers of a poultry processing plant in Southern Brazil / Asociación entre turno de trabajo y la práctica de la actividad física entre los trabajadores de una planta de procesamiento de aves en el sur de Brasil

Introduction: The regular practice of physical activity (PA) has been associated with better health. In addition, job characteristics may determine the PA behaviours of employees, including the work shift. However, relatively few studies have examined the PA behaviour among shift workers. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between work shift and the practice of PA among workers of a poultry processing plant in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1206 workers (786 females), ages 18 to 50, working in shifts on a production line that operates 24 hours/day. Workers who engaged in more than 150 minutes/week of PA were considered active. Multivariate analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and all analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Of the total participants studied, 36% (95%CI: 33-39) were considered active and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with PA differed among males and females. Regarding work shift, night shift workers had higher prevalence of PA. However, increased PA was significantly associated with work shift particularly among females. After controlling for potential confounders, women who worked during the night shift were approximately 30% more active than those who worked during the day (PR[prevalence ratio]=1.32;95%CI: 1.07-1.62;p=0.010). Conclusions: This study found a low prevalence of PA among the workers and indicated a significantly association between work shift and PA. Working at night was positively associated with regular PA, particularly among females. These results contribute for initiatives that aim to increase PA among the workers, take into account the job characteristics and gender differences (AU)

Introducción: La práctica regular de actividad física (AF) se ha asociado con una mejor salud. Además, las características del trabajo se pueden determinar las conductas de la AF de los trabajadores, incluyendo el turno de trabajo. Sin embargo, relativamente pocos estudios han examinado el comportamiento AF entre los trabajadores por turnos. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la asociación entre turno de trabajo y la práctica de la AF entre los trabajadores de una planta de procesamiento de aves en el sur de Brasil. Métodos: Un estudio transversal se llevó a cabo con 1.206 trabajadores (786 mujeres), con edades entre 18 a 50 años, trabajando en turnos de una línea de producción que funciona las 24 horas/día. Los trabajadores que han participado en más de 150 minutos/semana de AF se consideraron activos. Se realizó un análisis multivariante mediante regresión de Poisson y todos los análisis se estratificó por sexo. Resultados: De los participantes en el estudio, el 36% (IC del 95%: 33-39) se consideraron activas y las características sociodemográficas asociadas con AF difirieron entre machos y hembras. En cuanto a los turnos de trabajo, los trabajadores del turno de noche tenían mayor prevalencia de la AF. Sin embargo, el aumento de la AF se asoció significativamente con el trabajo por turnos sobre todo entre las mujeres. Después de ajustar por factores de confusión, las mujeres que trabajaban en el turno de la noche fueron aproximadamente un 30% más activos que los que han trabajado durante el día (PR[razón de prevalencia]=1,32;IC del 95%: 1,07-1,62;p=0,010). Conclusiones: Este estudio encontró una baja prevalencia de PA entre los trabajadores e indicó una asociación significativa entre el trabajo por turnos y AF. Trabajar de noche se asoció positivamente con la AF regular, especialmente entre las mujeres. Estos resultados contribuyen a las iniciativas para aumentar la AF entre los trabajadores, teniendo en cuenta las características de las diferencias laborales y de género (AU)

Physical activity in adolescence and abdominal obesity in adulthood: a case-control study among women shift workers.

Physical activity may have a protective effect against abdominal obesity, an important risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association between the practice of physical activities in adolescence and abdominal obesity in adulthood among women shift workers in Southern Brazil in 2011. This case-control study included 215 cases (waist circumference greater than or equal to 88 cm) and 326 controls. For both the case and control groups, participation in leisure-time physical activities was most frequent in adolescence and was significantly less in adulthood. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women who participated in five or more physical activities in adolescence were 50 percent less likely to have abdominal obesity than women who participated in one activity or no physical activities (Odds Ratio = 0.50; 95% confidential interval: 0.27-0.93, p value = .029). Participation in various types of leisure-time physical activities in adolescence may protect against abdominal obesity in adulthood, even if the number of physical activities decreases over time. This finding demonstrated the importance of physical activity as well as the period of life in which these should be encouraged for the prevention of health disorders, such as abdominal obesity.

Características das crianças menores de cinco anos atendidas em serviços de atenção básica em dois municípios do nordeste brasileiro / The characteristics of children under five years of age receiving basic care services in two municipalities in the Northeast region of Brazil

Descrever a prevalência de consultas nos serviços de saúde com médico ou enfermeiro em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade nos municípios de Caracol e Anísio de Abreu, Piauí e identificar os fatores associados. Métodos: trata­se de estudo transversal de base populacional com crianças de 0 a 59 meses. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante aplicação de questionários entre julho e setembro de 2008. Utilizou­se para análise multivariada a Regressão de Poisson e o modelo hierarquizado. Resultados: entre as 1640 crianças incluídas no estudo, a prevalência de consultas nos serviços de saúde em Caracol foi de 44,2 por cento (IC95 por cento 40,1­47,4) e em Anísio de Abreu foi de 48,5 por cento (IC95 por cento 44,8­52,1). Após ajuste para eventuais fatores de confusão, consultar esteve associado com maior renda familiar e menor distância do serviço de saúde em Caracol. Em Anísio de Abreu, o desfecho associou­se com abastecimento de água e idade das crianças. Conclusões: a análise encontrou diferenças nos cuidados à saúde relacionados às condições socioeconômicas entre os municípios, apontando para iniquidades no sistema de saúde...

To describe the prevalence of health service consultations with a doctor or a nurse among children under five years of age in the municipalities of Caracol and Anísio de Abreu, Piauí and to identify associated factors. Methods: a population­based cross­sectional study was carried out with children aged between 0 and 59 months. Data was collected using questionnaires between July and September 2008. Poisson's Regression and the hierarchized model were used for multivariate analysis. Results: among the 1640 children included in the study, the prevalence of health service consultations in Caracol was 44. percent (CI95 percent 40.1­47.4) and 48. percent (CI95 percent 44.8­52.1) in Anísio de Abreu. After adjustment for any confounding factors, consultation was found to be associated with higher household income and shorter distance from the health service in Caracol. In Anísio de Abreu, the outcome was associated with water supply and the child's age. Conclusions: the analysis found differences in health care related to socioeconomic conditions between the municipalities, indicating inequities in the health service...