ABSTRACT
Early intervention during childhood in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been strongly advocated. As adolescence is reached, new, more complex social demands emerge. These demands require a therapeutic approach that has not been widely studied. The aim of this review is to examine and synthesize the existing literature on social cognition interventions in adolescence and lay the groundwork for future interventions.
Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Humans , Adolescent , Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy , Social Cognition , CognitionABSTRACT
Introducción. La intervención temprana durante la infancia en pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA)ha sido fuertemente promovida. Al alcanzar la adolescencia,aparecen nuevas demandas sociales más complejas. Estas demandas precisan nuevamente un abordaje terapéutico, que no ha sido tan ampliamente estudiado. El objetivo de esta revisión es examinar y sintetizar la literatura existente sobre intervenciones en cognición social en adolescencia, y sentar las bases para futuras intervenciones. Método. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO y Web of Science hasta el 20 de abril de 2023. Se incluyeron investigaciones cuantitativa o cualitativa dirigida a examinar la influencia de las intervenciones centradas en cognición social en el tratamiento del TEA en adolescencia, en lengua inglesa o española. Los estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos se evaluaron utilizando una versión modificada de la Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa y la Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklist, respectivamente. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 19 estudios originales que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios seleccionados incluyeron a un total de 916 pacientes. La duración media de las intervenciones fue de 13,28 semanas. Se categorizaron en intervenciones en habilidades sociales basadas en grupos, intervenciones basadas en la experiencia e intervenciones mediadas por ordenador. Conclusiones. Resulta llamativa la escasez de intervenciones en cognición social diseñadas específicamente para adolescentes con TEA. El intervalo de neuroplasticidad entre la pubertad y la transición a la edad adulta brinda la oportunidad de mejorar la reorganización estructural y funcional dinámica. Por tanto, la adolescencia es una etapa de desarrollo única y susceptible de intervenciones específicas. (AU)
Introduction. Early intervention during childhood in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been strongly advocated. As adolescence is reached, new, more complex social demands emerge. These demands require a therapeutic approach that has not been widely studied. The aim of this review is to examine and synthesize the existing literature on social cognition interventions in adolescence and lay the groundwork for future interventions. Methods. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases up until April 20, 2023. Quantitative or qualitative research aimed at examining the influence of social cognition-focused interventions in the treatment of ASD in adolescence, in either English or Spanish language, was included. Quantitative and qualitative studies were evaluated using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklist, respectively. Results. Nineteen original studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The selected studies included a total of 916 patients. The average duration of the interventions was 13.28 weeks. They were categorized into group-based social skills interventions, experience-based interventions, and computer-mediated interventions. Conclusions. The scarcity of social cognition interventions specifically designed for adolescents with ASD is striking. The neuroplasticity window between puberty and the transition to adulthood provides an opportunity for structural and dynamic functional reorganization. Therefore, adolescence is a unique developmental stage that is amenable to specific interventions. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Cognition , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic InterventionsABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio descriptivo transversal para valorar la prevalencia de somnolencia diurna en el ámbito laboral mediante la aplicación de la escala de Epworth en 242 trabajadores pertenecientes al ámbito del Ministerio de Defensa. El 27,7% de los trabajadores presentan niveles elevados o excesivos. No se encuentra relación entre los niveles de somnolencia y diversas variables sociodemográficas como edad, sexo o nivel de estudios, pero si con la turnicidad. A tenor de los resultados obtenidos creemos que esta escala es una herramienta útil como screening para detectar de manera precoz posibles alteraciones y que por este motivo incluirse de forma rutinaria en los reconocimientos médicos laborales (AU)
At transverse descriptive study is done for evaluation of daytime sleepiness prevalence in the job place applying the Epworth´s scale to 242 workers of the Ministry of Defence´s board. High or excessive levels were found in 27,7% of them. There´s no supported relationship between somnolence levels and certain social demographic variables like age, sex or studies degree, but it seems to be significant with job turns. With such obtained results, the mentioned scale reveals itself as useful for screening, at the early detection of possible damages. That argues its inclusion in the routine labour health examinations (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/epidemiology , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/epidemiology , Sleep Stages , Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data , PrevalenceSubject(s)
Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/etiology , Gallstones/complications , Hepatic Duct, Common , Aged , Biliary Fistula/complications , Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/diagnostic imaging , Common Bile Duct Diseases/complications , Female , Gallbladder Diseases/complications , Hepatic Duct, Common/diagnostic imaging , Humans , RadiographySubject(s)
Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis , Aged , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/epidemiology , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/therapy , Female , Humans , Methods , SpainABSTRACT
A case of osseous lymphangiectasis in a girl is presented and a review of existing literature is made. We include this illness in the group of complex vascular displasis. We mainly focus our attention on radiographic examination which is characteristic, even if not specific. Diagnosis was confirmed by osseous biopsy which is not easy to perform successfully but produced a positive result in our case. It was not possible to perform lymphography.
Subject(s)
Bone Diseases/congenital , Lymphangiectasis/congenital , Bone Diseases/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Lymphangiectasis/diagnosisSubject(s)
Cholelithiasis/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Aged , Biliary Tract/anatomy & histology , Biliary Tract/pathology , Cholelithiasis/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Cholecystitis/diagnosis , Emphysema/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Acute Disease , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Ileal Diseases/diagnosis , Intussusception/diagnosis , Splenic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Two cases of neonatal adrenal haemorrhage are presented. Abdominal mass or jaundice appears in clinical study. Conventional diagnosis procedures are analyzed and advantages of abdominal echographic exploration is evaluated in order of precocious diagnosis and adequate monitoring of lesion evolution. Likewise, usefulness of ultrasounds in establishing differential diagnosis of adrenal haemorrhage in relation to other abdominal masses, important fact to save laparotomy, is emphasized.
