[Factors associated with the perception of discrimination: ageism and quality of life of the geriatric population from a bioethical approach] / Factores asociados a la percepción de discriminación: edadismo y calidad de vida de la población geriátrica desde un enfoque bioético.

Introduction: There are a set of conditions that directly affect the quality of life of older adults, causing marginalization and discrimination of this age group. Objective: Determining the factors that affect the perception of discrimination and quality of life of older adults in the province of El Oro, Ecuador. Methods: Observational, descriptive, qualitative-phenomenological, cross-sectional, cross-sectional study in older adults aged 65 years, between September 2019 and November 2020. The sample consisted of 399 older adults. The questionnaire "Biopsychosocial assessment of older adults from a bioethical approach" was used. The following variables were measured: discrimination and self-perception of quality of life. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to examine the association between discrimination, quality of life and the variables under study. Results: 61.7% of the respondents considered that discrimination exists, with ageism predominating. The variable most related to the perception of discrimination of the MAs was the treatment in health care, and the family environment. The quality of life in a significant percentage was unsatisfactory due to: their family environment, poor social integration and dissatisfaction with their health. Conclusions: The quality of life of older adults was unsatisfactory in almost half of the respondents, influenced by the relationship with the family, social integration, and health status. The older adults reported that there is discrimination and ageism in the treatment perceived in the health services and the family environment, in violation of the principles of bioethics.

Introducción: En la vejez se presentan un conjunto de condiciones que afectan directamente la calidad de vida del adulto mayor, ocasionando marginación y discriminación de este grupo etario. Objetivo: Determinar los factores que inciden en la percepción de discriminación y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores de la provincia El Oro, Ecuador. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, cualitativo-fenomenológico, de corte transversal, en adultos mayores de 65 años, entre septiembre del 2019 y noviembre del 2020. La muestra fue 399 adultos mayores. Se utilizó el cuestionario: "Valoración biopsicosocial del adulto mayor desde un enfoque bioético". Se midieron las variables: discriminación y autopercepción de calidad de vida. Se utilizó el análisis de correspondencia múltiple, para examinar la asociación entre discriminación, calidad de vida, y las variables en estudio. Resultados: El 61,7% de los encuestados consideró que existe discriminación, predominando el edadismo. La variable más relacionada a la percepción de discriminación de los AM fue el trato en la atención sanitaria, y el entorno familiar. La calidad de vida en un porcentaje significativo fue insatisfactoria debido a: su entorno familiar, la poca integración social y la insatisfacción con su salud. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida de los adultos mayores fue poco satisfactoria en casi la mitad de los encuestados, influenciada por la relación con la familia, la integración social, y el estado de salud. Los adultos mayores refirieron que existe discriminación, y edadismo en el trato percibido en los servicios de salud, y el entorno familiar, incumpliéndose con los principios de la bioética.

The influence of physical fatigue on telephone-based neuropsychological test performance in COVID-19 survivors.

Fatigue has been characterized as a post COVID-19 condition known to persist months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with impaired cognitive function, including disorders in attention, memory, information processing, and executive functions. The objective of this study was to determine if post-COVID fatigue, manifested as tiredness while performing low-intensity physical activity, has a detrimental effect on neuropsychological performance, to achieve this, we randomly selected 20 participants with post-COVID fatigue and 20 SARS-CoV-2 negative age-matched controls from a database of 360 residents of Tijuana, Baja California in a cross-sectional study design. All 40 participants responded to a health survey, along with a neuropsychological assessment test via telephone call. Statistical analysis was performed using a multiple linear regression model including the following independent variables: study condition (post-COVID fatigue or negative control), sex, age, years of education, hypertension, asthma, administration of supplemental oxygen during COVID-19 recovery, and the hour at which the evaluation started. Significant regression analysis was obtained for all global parameters of the assessment, including BANFE-2 score (p = 0.021, R2 Adj. = 0.263), NEUROPSI score (p = 0.008, R2 Adj. = 0.319), and total errors (p = 0.021, R2 Adj. = 0.263), with significant regression coefficients for study condition on two global parameters, BANFE-2 score (p = 0.028, ß = - 0.371) and NEUROPSI score (p = 0.010, ß = -0.428). These findings suggest that the presence of post-COVID fatigue is a factor associated with a decrease in neuropsychological performance.

Safety assessment of surfactin-producing Bacillus strains and their lipopeptides extracts in vitro and in vivo.

Beneficial Bacillus strains can be administered to livestock as probiotics to improve animal health. Cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus such as surfactins may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of the present study was to isolate and evaluate the biocompatibility of native Bacillus spp. strains and their surfactin-like lipopeptides in vitro and in vivo to determine their potential to be used on animals. Biocompatibility of endospore suspensions (108 UFC/mL), and different dilutions (1:10; 1:50; 1:100; 1:500, and 1:1000) of Bacillus lipopeptide extracts containing surfactin was tested on Caco-2 cells by microculture tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Genotoxicity was tested on BALB/c mice (n = 6) administered 0.2 mL of endospore suspensions by the bone marrow erythrocyte micronuclei assay. All the isolates tested produced between 26.96 and 239.97 µg mL- 1 of surfactin. The lipopeptide extract (LPE) from isolate MFF1.11 demonstrated significant cytotoxicity in vitro. In contrast, LPE from MFF 2.2; MFF 2.7, TL1.11, TL 2.5, and TC12 had no cytotoxic effect (V% > 70%) on Caco-2 cells, not affecting cell viability signifficantly in most treatments. Similarly, none of the endospore suspensions affected cell viability (V% > 80%). Likewise, endospores did not cause genotoxicity on BALB/c mice. This study was elementary as a first step for a new line of research, since it allowed us to choose the safest isolates to keep working on the search of new potentially probiotic strains destined to production animals to improve their performance and health.

Micronutrient Deficiency Pre- and Post-bariatric Metabolic Surgery in Latin America: a Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Persons submitted to bariatric metabolic surgery present micronutrient deficiency before and after surgery, due to the lack of proper supplementation. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency in people before and after bariatric metabolic surgery in Latin America. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA Guidelines. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies and 2135 participants were included. The highest prevalence of deficiency before surgery was reported for vitamin D (74%), zinc (71%), and hemoglobin (62%); after surgery, they were vitamin A (90.6%), vitamin D (90%), and zinc (68%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiency before and after bariatric metabolic surgery from Latin American persons; the micronutrients with the highest deficiency prevalence were vitamin D before and vitamin A after bariatric metabolic surgery.

Self-care model and body image in adults after a bariatric surgery. / Modelo de autocuidado e imagem corporal em adultos pós cirurgia bariátrica.

OBJECTIVE: the aim of the present article was to test a self-care model explained by the relationship between self-efficacy, body image, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression in people with bariatric surgery in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. METHOD: this was a correlational cross-sectional study carried out between August and December 2020. Validated instruments were administered to 102 participants to measure their self-care capacity, general self-efficacy, psychopathological symptoms, and body image perception and satisfaction. The variables of interest were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to develop a model using path analysis. RESULT: a significant model was obtained with adequate goodness-of-fit indicators (chi-square χ2 (8) = 11.451, p = .177; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)= 0.000; goodness-of-fit index (GFI)= 0.965; comparative fit index (CFI)= 0.985; parsimonious normed fit index (PNFI)= 0.509, and Akaike information criterion (AIC)= 37.451). Self-efficacy (Zß=0.294) and body image dissatisfaction (So= -0.376) were shown to influence self-care abilities while psychopathological symptoms influenced body dissatisfaction: obsessive-compulsive disorder (Zß=0.370) and depression (Zß=0.320). CONCLUSION: adequate levels of self-efficacy and body satisfaction predict a high capacity for self-care.

Detección de factores de riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica en adultos / Detection of Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults

Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica se considera una enfermedad con graves repercusiones para la sociedad y las políticas de salud, con elevada incidencia y prevalencia debido al alza de enfermedades como la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: Detectar, de forma oportuna, adultos con alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica para preservar su salud, y así frenar la aparición y progresión del daño renal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo, con 404 adultos familiares de estudiantes de enfermería, Universidad Técnica de Machala, El Oro, Ecuador. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Detección Temprana de Riesgo de la Enfermedad Renal, del grupo Da Vita. Resultados: La hipertensión arterial fue la principal enfermedad hallada con (27,2 por ciento), seguido de la diabetes mellitus tipo II (9,4 por ciento). La prueba Chi-cuadrado no apuntó diferencia en el antecedente de hipertensión arterial entre ambos sexos (p > 0,05). De la población de estudio, 55,6 por ciento presentaba obesidad/sobrepeso, 54,7 por ciento refirió sedentarismo, 120 personas (29,7 por ciento) presentaron antecedentes familiares de ERC. Un total de 137 personas (33,9 por ciento) refirió que consumía antinflamatorios no esteroideos. El total de pacientes con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus (n = 17, 4.21 por ciento), eran obesos, sedentarios, y todos presentaron antecedentes familiares de enfermedad renal crónica, por lo que se consideraron alto riesgo. Fueron enviados a consulta para estudio, además de recibir las charlas educativas. Conclusiones: El profesional de la salud puede y debe incidir en la detección temprana de la enfermedad renal crónica, mediante pesquisa y programas educativos que aumenten el conocimiento de la población susceptible(AU)

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is considered a disease with serious repercussions for the society and health policies, with high incidence and prevalence due to the rise of diseases such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Objective: To detect, in a timely manner, adults at high risk of developing chronic kidney disease in order to preserve their health, and thus slow the onset and progression of kidney damage. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out with 404 adult relatives of nursing students from the Technical University of Machala, El Oro, Ecuador. The questionnaire for early detection of renal disease risk of the Da Vita group was used. Results: Arterial hypertension was found as the main disease (27.2 percent), followed by type II diabetes mellitus (9.4 percent). The chi-square test showed no difference in the history of hypertension between both sexes (p > 0.05). Of the study population, 55.6 percent were obese/overweight, 54.7 percent reported a sedentary lifestyle, and 120 persons (29.7 percent) had a family history of chronic kidney disease. A total of 137 persons (33.9 percent) reported consuming nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The total of patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (n = 17; 4.21 percent) were obese, sedentary, and had a family history of chronic kidney disease, a reason why they were considered at high risk. They were referred to consultation for study, in addition to receiving educational talks. Conclusions: The health professional can and should have an impact on the early detection of chronic kidney disease through screening and educational programs that increase the knowledge of the susceptible population(AU)

Ecuadorian adaptation and validation of the Scale ofRisk Factors Associated with Eating Disorders (EFRATA)

El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y conocer la estructura factorial y la confiabilidad en la población ecuatoriana de la Escala EFRATA de Factores de Riesgo Asociados a los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria. Se utilizó una muestra no probabilística de 1172 participantes (edad: M = 21.99; DT = 2.49; 58.6% mujeres y 41.4% hombres). El primer estudio de análisis paralelo identificó siete factores interpretables que explican el 50% de la varianza. El segundo estudio de análisis factorial confirmatorio indica un ajuste aceptable (GFI = 0.96; AGFI = 0.95; NFI = 0,94; RMR = 0.08). Los coeficientes de confiabilidad para el alfa de Cronbach y el omega de McDonald's fueron 0.89 y 0.90 respectivamente. La versión ecuatoriana de la EFRATA muestra buenas propiedades psicométricas y se adapta al contexto cultural de este país.(AU)

The objective of this study was to adapt and know the factorial structure and reliability in the Ecuadorian population of the EFRATA Scale of Risk Factors Associated with Eating Disorders. A non-probabilistic sample of 1172 participants were used (age: M= 21.99; SD= 2.49; 58.6% women and 41.4% men). The first parallel analysis study iden-tified seven interpretable factors that explain 50% of the variance. The second confirmatory factor analysis study indicates an acceptable fit (GFI = 0.96; AGFI = 0.95; NFI = 0.94; RMR = 0.08). The reliability coeffi-cients for Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were 0.89 and 0.90 re-spectively. The Ecuadorian version of the EFRATA shows good psycho-metric properties and adapts to the cultural context of this country

Psychometric Assessment of an Online Self-Test Measuring Risky Eating Behavior, Depression, Social Anxiety, and Self-Injury in Mexican Adolescents.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of OTESSED, an online test for the self-detection and prevention of risk factors for eating disorders and related problems, such as depression, social anxiety, and self-injury, in samples of male and female adolescents. Participants formed a non-probability sample of N = 577 high school students. The mean ages of boys and girls were the same (Mage = 15.61; SD = 0.73). Among the main results, scales of depression, self-injury, social anxiety, and risky eating behavior (REB) with construct validity (CFA) were obtained. The first two showed the same structure (two factors per sex), with an appropriate reliability omega value (0.92), and a similar percentage of explained variance (≥50). The REB scale presented two factors for boys and three for girls, with an appropriate omega value (0.88) and explained variance percentage (0.56). The instrument validation process was completed, meeting the discriminant validity criterion for each scale of the OTESSED.

Modelo de autocuidado e imagem corporal em adultos pós cirurgia bariátrica / Self-care model and body image in adults after a bariatric surgery / Modelo de autocuidado e imagen corporal en adultos post-cirugía bariátrica

Resumo Objetivo: testar um modelo de autocuidado explicado pela relação entre autoeficácia, imagem corporal, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e depressão em pessoas com cirurgia bariátrica na cidade de Tijuana, no México. Método: estudo transversal correlacional realizado entre agosto e dezembro de 2020. Instrumentos validados foram aplicados a 102 participantes para medir sua capacidade de autocuidado, autoeficácia geral, sintomas psicopatológicos, e percepção e satisfação com a imagem corporal. As variáveis de interesse foram analisadas utilizando estatísticas descritivas e correlações de Pearson e Spearman para finalmente desenvolver um modelo utilizando a análise de caminho (path analysis). Resultados: foi obtido um modelo significativo com bons indicadores de bondade de ajuste (qui-quadrado χ 2 (8)= 11,451, p = 0,177; raiz quadrada da média do erro de aproximação (RMSEA)= 0,000; índice de bondade de ajuste (GFI)= 0,965; índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI)= 0,985; índice de ajuste normalizado parcimonioso (PNFI)= 0,509 e critério de informação de Akaike (AIC)= 37,451). A autoeficácia (Zβ= 0,294) e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (Zβ= -0,376) demonstraram ter um efeito sobre as capacidades de autocuidado, enquanto os sintomas psicopatológicos influenciam a insatisfação corporal: transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (Zβ= 0,370) e depressão (Zβ= 0,320). Conclusão: níveis adequados de autoeficácia e satisfação corporal predizem uma alta capacidade de autocuidado.

Abstract Objective: the aim of the present article was to test a self-care model explained by the relationship between self-efficacy, body image, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression in people with bariatric surgery in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Method: this was a correlational cross-sectional study carried out between August and December 2020. Validated instruments were administered to 102 participants to measure their self-care capacity, general self-efficacy, psychopathological symptoms, and body image perception and satisfaction. The variables of interest were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to develop a model using path analysis. Result: a significant model was obtained with adequate goodness-of-fit indicators (chi-square χ2 (8) = 11.451, p = .177; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)= 0.000; goodness-of-fit index (GFI)= 0.965; comparative fit index (CFI)= 0.985; parsimonious normed fit index (PNFI)= 0.509, and Akaike information criterion (AIC)= 37.451). Self-efficacy (Zβ=0.294) and body image dissatisfaction (So= -0.376) were shown to influence self-care abilities while psychopathological symptoms influenced body dissatisfaction: obsessive-compulsive disorder (Zβ=0.370) and depression (Zβ=0.320). Conclusion: adequate levels of self-efficacy and body satisfaction predict a high capacity for self-care.

Resumen Objetivo: probar un modelo de autocuidado explicado por la relación entre autoeficacia, imagen corporal, obsesión-compulsión y depresión en personas con cirugía bariátrica de la ciudad de Tijuana, B.C. Método: estudio transversal correlacional realizado entre agosto y diciembre de 2020. Se aplicaron instrumentos validados a 102 participantes para medir su capacidad de autocuidado, autoeficacia general, síntomas psicopatológicos, percepción y satisfacción de la imagen corporal. Las variables de interés fueron analizadas mediante estadística descriptiva y correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman para finalmente elaborar un modelo mediante análisis de ruta (Path Analysis). Resultados: se obtuvo un modelo significativo con buenos indicadores de bondad de ajuste (chi-cuadrado χ 2 (8)= 11.451, p = .177; error de aproximación raíz-media-cuadrada (RMSEA)= 0.000; índice de bondad de ajuste (GFI)= 0.965; índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI)= 0.985; índice de ajuste normado parsimonioso (PNFI)= 0.509 y criterio de información de Akaike (AIC)= 37.451). Se demostró que la autoeficacia (Zβ= 0.294) y la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal (Zβ= -0.376) tienen un efecto sobre las capacidades de autocuidado mientras que los síntomas psicopatológicos influyen sobre la insatisfacción corporal: obsesión-compulsión (Zβ= 0.370) y depresión (Zβ= 0.320). Conclusión: los niveles adecuados de autoeficacia y satisfacción corporal predicen una alta capacidad de autocuidado.

El papel de la familia en la autopercepción de calidad de vida del adulto mayor / The Family Role in the Older Adult's Self-Perception of Quality of Life

Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población en la actualidad es uno de los principales problemas a nivel mundial, debido al incremento en la esperanza de vida. Sin embargo, una mayor esperanza de vida no significa una mejor calidad de vida. Objetivo: Valorar el papel que desempeña la familia en la autopercepción de calidad de vida del adulto mayor. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en adultos mayores aplicada en sujetos de ambos sexos en la provincia ecuatoriana de El Oro entre enero del 2018 y noviembre del 2019. La muestra quedó conformada por 399 pacientes. Los cuestionarios utilizados fueron: Valoración biopsicosocial del adulto mayor desde un enfoque bioético, y la Escala de Calidad de Vida WHOQOL-BREF. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 73,66 años ± 7,38 con un rango entre los 65 y 98 años. El 78,9 por ciento de los adultos mayores maltratados y el 75,9 por ciento de los adultos mayores con trato familiar regular refieren una calidad de vida deficiente. Solo el 18,3 por ciento de los adultos mayores bien tratados refirieron una calidad de vida deficiente, por lo que se observa una asociación entre el trato familiar y la percepción de la calidad de vida estadísticamente significativa. Se constató maltrato familiar por negligencia en los adultos mayores que refirieron una calidad de vida deficiente. Conclusiones: La familia posee un papel preponderante en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor(AU)

Introduction: Nowadays, population aging is one of the main problems worldwide, due to the increase in life expectancy. However, higher life expectancy does not mean better quality of life. Objective: To assess the role played by the family in the older adult's self-perception of quality of life. Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out with older adults of both sexes in the Ecuadorian province of El Oro, between January 2018 and November 2019. The sample consisted of 399 patients. The questionnaires used were the Biopsychosocial Assessment of the Older Adult from a Bioethical Approach and the WHOQoL-BREF Quality of Life Scale. Results: The average age was 73.66 years ± 7.38 years, with a range between 65 and 98 years. A poor quality of life was reported by 78.9 percent of the mistreated older adults and 75.9 percent of the older adults with regular family treatment. Only 18.3 percent of the well-treated older adults reported a poor quality of life, which shows a statistically significant association between family treatment and perception of quality of life. Family mistreatment due to neglect was found in older adults who referred poor quality of life. Conclusions: The family has a preponderant role in the quality of life of the older adult(AU)

Efficacy of a multivitamin adherence program based on cognitive dissonance for bariatric patients: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Micronutrient deficiencies are common among bariatric patients; this study aimed to determine whether a cognitive dissonance-based virtual program improved adherence to multivitamin use in bariatric patients from northern Mexico. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial of the supplementation strategy was conducted over three months. The participants were randomized to an intervention or waitlisted control group and received two psycho-educative and four cognitive dissonance virtual sessions. Multiple linear regression was used to determine standardized estimates of associations between the intervention and dependent variables. Two path analyses were evaluated considering baseline and post-test measurements. RESULTS: Intervention was associated with higher concentrations of Hb (ß=0.758, p<0.001), vitamin D (ß=0.577, p<0.001), iron (ß=0.523, p<0.001), folate (ß=0.494, p<0.01), calcium (ß=0.452, p<0.01), higher adherence (ß=0.467, p<0.001), and level of knowledge (ß=0.298, p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The dissonance-based intervention potentiated the level of supplementation adherence. A higher level of adherence was reflected in micronutrient concentrations, thus providing confirmation of intervention. Thus, support is found for a multidisciplinary clinical practice that enhances nutrition status after bariatric surgery for obesity.

Association between Stress and Metabolic Syndrome and its Mediating Factors in University Students.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the association between perceived stress and indicators of metabolic syndrome and how this association is mediated by sleep problems, unhealthy eating habits, and night eating syndrome, in addition to serum levels of ghrelin and cortisol in university students. METHODS: We recruited 192 students from a public university in Mexico. Weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were taken in accordance with standard protocols. Validated questionnaires were used to assess perceived stress, sleep quality and eating habits. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure ghrelin, cortisol, triglycerides, glucose and HDL-C. RESULTS: Path Analysis indicated direct positive effects of stress over PSQI (ß = 0.341) and NES (ß = 0.443); PSQI over NES (ß = 0.233) and NES over glucose (ß = 0.170), triglycerides over LDL-C (ß = 0.215), waist circumference over SBP (ß = 0.259). Likewise, standardized negative regression weights of PSQI over Diet Quality Index (ß = -0.239) and ghrelin concentrations (ß = -0.132), ghrelin over Diet Quality Index (ß = -0.188) and waist circumference (ß = -0.147). Diet Quality Index over triglycerides (ß = -0.184); sleep duration over systolic blood pressure (ß = -0.242); waist circumference over HDL-C (ß = -0.256). CONCLUSION: Psychological stress leads to increased indicators of MetS via decreased sleep quality, inadequate eating habits and eating behavior in university students.

Percepción del riesgo de infección con virus del papiloma en jóvenes universitarios / Risk Perception about Papilloma Virus Infection in University Students

Introducción: El virus del papiloma humano es considerado la enfermedad de transmisión sexual de mayor prevalencia. El 50 por ciento de la población sexualmente activa ha tenido contacto con el virus alguna vez en su vida. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos y la percepción de riesgo que tiene la población universitaria de Machala acerca de la infección por virus del papiloma humano, sus aspectos generales, su transmisión y consecuencias. Métodos: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado con 239 estudiantes universitarios de uno y otro sexo. Fueron utilizadas: encuesta sobre el virus de papiloma humano en adultos, modificado con el Cuestionario de Vulnerabilidad al virus del Papiloma Humano. Resultados: Refirió que no había escuchado sobre el virus el 37,2 por ciento, principalmente estudiantes masculinos, se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p = 0,000) en el conocimiento de la enfermedad de acuerdo al género. El 67,3 por ciento refirió nunca haber recibido charla educativa sobre el virus. La mayoría respondió adecuadamente a la forma de transmisión, que afecta a hombres como mujeres, las formas de protección, que provoca verrugas genitales, y la neoplasia del cuello uterino. Sin embargo, se encontró desconocimiento sobre la vacuna, la utilidad del Papanicolau, que esta enfermedad puede ser asintomática e incurable, y su relación con otras neoplasias. Conclusiones: La percepción de riesgo de los estudiantes fue muy baja en sentido general y más deficiente en hombres que en mujeres. En las comparaciones por sexo, se evidenció que aquellos estudiantes que recibieron charlas educativas por personal de la salud se asocian con un mejor conocimiento sobre el virus del papiloma humano(AU)

Introduction: The human papilloma virus is considered the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease. 50 percent of the sexually active population has had contact with the virus at some time in their lives. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge and risk perception of the university population of Machala about human papillomavirus infection, its general aspects, its transmission and consequences. Methods: A cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out with 239 university students of both sexes. We used a survey on human papillomavirus in adults, modified with the Human Papillomavirus Vulnerability Questionnaire. Results: 37.2 percent reported that they had not heard about the virus, mainly male students. There were significant differences (P=0.000) regarding the knowledge of the disease according to gender. 67.3 percent reported that they have never received an educational talk about the virus. Most of them responded adequately to the mode of transmission, that the virus affects men as well as women, the forms of protection, that it causes genital warts and neoplasia of the cervix. However, ignorance was found about the vaccine, the usefulness of the Pap smear test, that this disease can be asymptomatic and incurable, and its relationship with other neoplasms. Conclusions: The risk perception of the students was very low in general and more deficient in men than in women. In the comparisons by sex, it was evidenced that those students who received educational talks by the health personnel are associated with better knowledge about human papillomavirus(AU)

Body Image, Anxiety, and Bulimic Behavior during Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight, shape-related appearance behaviors (body image dissatisfaction), and bulimic symptoms in nonclinical participants is poorly evaluated. This study aimed to identify the relationship between labor status, confinement degree due to COVID-19, dissatisfaction with body image, and anxiety and to discover its effect on bulimic behavior in Mexican adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 276 participants via an online survey. Questions addressed their anxiety, body image dissatisfaction, and bulimic behavior. RESULTS: The path analysis showed direct effects on the confinement degree (ß = -0.157); of the labor situation (ß = -0.147) and gender (ß = 0.129) on anxiety; of dissatisfaction on bulimic behavior (ß = 0.443) and anxiety about bulimic behavior (ß = 0.184); and dissatisfaction (ß = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS: The confinement, gender, and labor status are predictors of anxiety, while anxiety and body dissatisfaction directly influence bulimic behavior.

Comportamiento de las enfermedades bucodentales en el Hospital Referal Maliana de Timor Leste / Behavior of oral and dental diseases at Referal Maliana Hospital, Timor Leste

RESUMEN Introducción: la salud bucodental es un indicador clave de salud, bienestar y calidad de vida. Las enfermedades bucodentales como caries, periodontopatías, cáncer bucal pueden prevenirse y tratarse en sus etapas iniciales. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de las enfermedades bucodentales en la población que asistió a la consulta de estomatología del Hospital Referal Maliana, distrito Bobonaro, Timor Leste durante 2017-2018. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en 480 pacientes afectados con alguna patología bucodentaria, seleccionados por muestreo intencional no probabilístico. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (51,9 %), el grupo de edad más afectado fue 10-19 años (40,4 %), las patologías más diagnosticadas fueron las caries (79,1 %) en edades entre 0 y 39 años, gingivitis (58,6 %) en jóvenes, y desdentamiento parcial (49,4 %) en todas las edades. Prevaleció la higiene bucal deficiente (83,8 %) en ambos sexos y consumo de mama malus (64,8 %) más observado en mujeres. Conclusiones: la población timorense estudiada es mayormente masculina, predominó el grupo de edad de 10 a 19 años; las enfermedades bucodentales más frecuentes fueron las caries en menores de 40 años, gingivitis en jóvenes, y edentulismo parcial en todas las edades. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados fueron la higiene bucal deficiente para ambos sexos y masticación de la mama malus (nuez de Areca o de betel) en las féminas, lo que evidencia una alta probabilidad de que incremente y confirma la severidad de las enfermedades bucodentales como problema de salud en esta población.

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral-dental health is a key indicator of wellbeing and quality of life. Oral-dental diseases as caries, periodontopathies and oral cancer can be prevented and treated at early stages. Objective: to determine the behavior of oral-dental diseases in the population attending the dentistry office at Referal Maliana Hospital, Bobonaro district, Timor Leste during 2017-2018. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study in 480 patients who suffered from some of the oral-dental pathologies chosen by non-probabilistic intentional sampling. Results: male sex prevailed (51,9 %), the age bracket most affected was 10-19 years old (40,4 %), dental caries was the pathology having the highest diagnosis (79,1 %) between 0 and 39 years old, gingivitis (58,6 %) in young patients and partially-toothless patients in all ages. Deficient oral hygiene prevailed in both sexes (83,8 %) and mama malus consumption (64,8 %) more observed in women. Conclusions: the East Timorese population studied was mainly male, the predominant age group was 10-19 years; the most frequent oral-dental diseases were caries in younger than 40 years old, gingivitis in young population and partial edentulous in all ages. The main risk factors associated were deficient oral-dental hygiene for both sexes and the mastication of mama malus (Areca Nut or Betel Quid) in female population, which evidences a high probability of a continuous increasing and confirms the severity of the oral-dental diseases as a health problem in this population.

Multi-Validity Process and Factor-Invariance. Perceived Self-Efficacy-Scale for the Prevention of Obesity in Preteens.

Given the lack of scales with a robust psychometric assessment of self-efficacy related to obesity in early adolescence, we aimed to obtain an instrument with high-quality validity and reliability items. Nonrandom samples (N = 2371) classified boys (1174, M = 12.83, SD = 0.84) and girls (1197, M = 12.68, SD = 0.78) from Mexico City and some cities of the Mexican Republic with obesity rates near to the national level mean. A multi-validity process and structural invariance analysis using the Perceived Self-efficacy Scale for Obesity Prevention were performed. A two-factor-physical activity and healthy eating-model with high effect-sized values-girls R2 (0.88, p < 0.01) and boys R2 (0.87, p < 0.01)-were obtained. Each factor explained more than half of the variance with high-reliability coefficients in each group and acceptable adjustment rates. The self-efficacy scale proved to have only girls, an invariant factor structure, or a psychometric equivalence between the groups. The obtained scale showed that a two-factor structure is feasible and appropriate, according to the highest quality of validity and reliability.

Results of the implementation of the PETHEMA LPA 99 protocol for treating children with acute promyelocytic leukemia in Bogotá, Colombia / Resultados de la implementación del protocolo PETHEMA LPA 99 en el tratamiento de niños con leucemia promielocítica aguda en Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: In the United States, between 4 and 8% of children with acute myeloid leukemia have acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but a higher incidence of this malignancy has been reported in Latin America (20%-28%). The implementation of the PETHEMA LPA 99 protocol, designed for the treatment of APL in adults, has shown an overall survival (OS) >80%. Objective: To describe the results obtained after the implementation of the PETHEMA LPA 99 protocol to treat children with APL at the Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia in Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive and retrospective cohort study. The medical records of 30 pediatric patients (<18 years) with APL, who were treated using the PETHEMA LPA 99 protocol between January 2005 and December 2012, were reviewed. Data on the following variables were obtained: early death, death during induction therapy, OS, event-free survival (EFS), and relapse. Results: The male sex was predominant (60%) among the 30 patients included in the study. Regarding risk classification, 13 (43%) were classified as high-risk patients, 12 (40%) as medium-risk, and 5 (17%) as low-risk. Seven individuals died: 2 before receiving cancer treatment, 2 during induction therapy, and 3 after relapse. Relapse was reported in 5 patients. There were no deaths during the consolidation or maintenance phases. OS was 75.4% (95%CI: 55.1-87.5) and EFS was 64.3% (95%CI: 40-80.5). Moreover, OS at 11 years was 80%, 91.7%, and 59.2% for low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients, respectively. The median follow-up time was 6.35 years (0-11.43 years). Conclusions: In general, the implementation of the PETHEMA LPA 99 protocol to treat APL in the study population showed very satisfactory results. Therefore, its use in pediatric population is recommended, taking into account the adjustments described in the protocol regarding the characteristics of this age group.

Resumen Introducción. En Estados Unidos de América, entre 4 y 8% de niños con leucemias mieloides agudas tienen leucemia promielocítica aguda (LPA), mientras que en Latinoamérica se ha descrito una mayor incidencia de esta neoplasia (20-28%). La implementación del protocolo PETHEMA LPA 99, diseñado para el tratamiento de LPA en adultos, ha mostrado una supervivencia global (SG) >80%. Objetivo. Describir los resultados de la aplicación del protocolo PETHEMA LPA 99 en el tratamiento de niños con LPA en la Fundación Hospital Pediátrico la Misericordia, en Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 30 pacientes pediátricos (<18 años) con LPA que recibieron tratamiento mediante el protocolo PETHEMA LPA 99 entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2012. Se obtuvieron datos sobre las siguientes variables: muerte temprana, muerte en terapia de inducción, SG, supervivencia libre de evento (SLE) y recaída. Resultados. De los 30 pacientes, la mayoría eran de sexo masculino (60%). Respecto a la clasificación de riesgo, 13 (43%) fueron clasificados como pacientes de riesgo alto; 12 (40%), de riesgo intermedio, y 5 (17%), de riesgo bajo. 7 individuos murieron: 2 antes del tratamiento oncológico, 2 durante la terapia de inducción y 3 luego de presentar recaída. Se reportó recaída en 5 pacientes. No hubo muertes durante las fases de consolidación o de mantenimiento. La SG fue de 75.4% (IC95%: 55.1-87.5) y la SLE fue de 64.3% (IC95%: 40-80.5). La SG a 11 años fue de 80%, 91.7% y 59.2% para los pacientes de riesgo bajo, riesgo intermedio y riesgo alto, respectivamente. La mediana de seguimiento fue 6.35 años (0-11.43 años). Conclusiones. En general, la implementación del protocolo PETHEMA LPA 99 en el tratamiento de la LPA en la población de estudio mostró resultados muy satisfactorios, por lo que se recomienda su uso en población pediátrica, teniendo en cuenta los ajustes recomendados por el protocolo en relación con las características de este grupo etario.

Escala de Adicción a Internet de Lima: Propiedades psicométricas con adolescentes mexicanos / Lima Internet Addiction Scale (EAIL): psychometric properties in Mexican adolescent students

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Adicción al Internet de Lima (EAIL) con escolaresmexicanos de educación media superior. La muestra estuvo formada por 1596 estudiantes (57% mujeres) con edades entre 14 y 20 años (M =15.94; DE = 1.07). Se administró la EAIL en nueve centros escolares distribuidos en todas las delegaciones de Tijuana. Los resultados muestranque el instrumento posee buena consistencia interna con α = .82 y ω = .83. Aunque la escala original tiene estructura bifactorial, en esta inves-tigación presentó una estructura de tres factores que explican el 58.6% de la varianza total. El análisis factorial confirmatorio arrojó unos índicesGFI = .95; CFI = .93, RMSEA = .07, NFI = .91, AGFI = .92, RMR = .03. Se concluyó que la Escala de Adicción al Internet de Lima posee buenaspropiedades psicométricas y es útil para la evaluación precoz de la adicción a internet en estudiantes mexicanos.(AU)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the psy-chometric properties of the Lima Internet Addiction Scale (EAIL) with Mexican teenagers’ students of high school education. The sample consistedof 1,596 students (57% female) aged between 14 and 20 years (M = 15.94; SD = 1.07). The EAIL was administered in nine schools distributed inall the delegations of Tijuana. The results show that the measure has good internal consistency with α = .82 and ω = .83. The original scale that hasa bifactorial structure, in this research it presented a structure of 3 factors that explain 58.6% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysisfound: GFI = .95; CFI = .93; RMSEA = .07; NFI = .91; AGFI = .92; RMR = .03. It was concluded that the Lima Internet Addiction Scale has goodpsychometric properties and is useful for the prior evaluation of internet addiction in students.(AU)

Online Test of Risk Self-Detection of Eating Disorders.

This study's central aim was to examine the effectiveness of an online test of the Risk Self-Detection of Eating Disorders through the evaluation of (1) its psychometric properties, the significant probability of predicting risk eating behavior and the correct classification of membership to the risk or non-risk group and (2) the ability to measure users' risk self-awareness through a group of statements and explore the expected responses through frequency analysis of the content provided by the users. The non-probability sample was comprised of n = 541 women aged 15 to 25 (M = 18.3; SD = 2.4). The instrument showed good psychometric properties, a structure of three predictive risk factors, and proper effect sizes (R2 = 0.67-0.69). Among the most critical findings were high percentages of correct classification (94-97%) and expected responses (61%). The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of presenting eating disorders was higher if the participants smoked, consumed alcohol, had sexual experiences before the age of 15, and if those sexual experiences were non-consensual. Evidence is presented about the promising results of the online data collection method and its potential benefits.

Molecular study of sticky platelet syndrome using exorne sequencing / Estudio molecular del síndrome de plaqueta pegajosa mediante secuenciación del exoma

Abstract Introduction: Sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) is a prothrombotic condition characterized by increased platelet aggregation that causes arterial and venous thrombosis. Its diagnosis is reached by identifying increased aggregation using low concentrations of adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine in platelet aggregation tests. Objectives: To identify common mutations through exome sequencing in two patients from the same family diagnosed with SPS and, thus, contribute to the molecular study of this disease. Materials and methods: Descriptive study. In January 2018, exome sequencing was performed in a 10-year-old patient treated at Fundación HOMI (Bogotá D.C., Colombia), index case, and in one of his adult first-degree relatives, both with a history of thrombotic disease and diagnosed with SPS. Exome sequencing was performed at the Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) using the SureSelect Clinical Research Exome V2 software by Agilent. Results: Exome sequencing led to detect genetic variants in both cases when compared with the reference sequence. The following variant was identified in the two samples: a cytosine to thymine transition at position c.236 (NM_000174.4) of the glycoprotein (GP)Ib-IX-V complex platelet membrane receptor, which causes a heterozygous transition of the amino acid threonine to isoleucine (i.e., a transition from hydrophilic amino acid to a hydrophobic amino acid) at position p. 79 of the extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain of GPIba subunit of the (GP)Ib-IX complex, involving a conformational change of the main receptor of ligands IB alpha, which might result in platelet hyperaggregation and thrombosis. This variant has not been described in patients with SPS to date. Conclusion: The mutation identified in both samples could be related to SPS considering the importance of glycoprotein IX in platelet function.

Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de plaqueta pegajosa (SPP) es una condición protrombótica caracterizada por un incremento de la agregabilidad plaquetaria que causa trombosis arterial y venosa. Su diagnóstico se realiza al identificar el aumento de la agregabilidad utilizando bajas concentraciones de adenosín difosfato y epinefrina en pruebas de agregación plaquetaria. Objetivos. Identificar mutaciones comunes mediante secuenciación del exoma en dos pacientes de una misma familia con diagnóstico de SPP y, de esta forma, contribuir al estudio molecular de esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se realizó secuenciación del exoma en un paciente de 10 años atendido en la Fundación HOMI (Bogotá, Colombia), caso índice, y en uno de sus familiares adultos en primer grado, ambos con antecedente de enfermedad trombótica y diagnosticados con SPP. La secuenciación del exoma se realizó en el Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (España) con el programa SureSelect Clinical Research Exome V2 de Agilent. Resultados. En la secuenciación del exoma se detectaron variantes genéticas en ambos casos en comparación con la secuencia de referencia. En las muestras de ambos pacientes se identificó una variante heterocigota consistente en una transición de citosina a timina en la posición c.236 (NM_000174.4) que provoca el cambio del aminoácido treonina por isoleucina en la posición p.79 del dominio extracelular repetitivo rico en leucina (subunidad GPIba del complejo de la glicoproteína Ib-IX-V) y que podría provocar el cambio conformacional del receptor principal del ligando Ib alfa, así como hiperagregación plaquetaria y trombosis. Esta variante no ha sido descrita previamente en pacientes con SPP. Conclusión. La mutación identificada en las muestras estudiadas podría estar relacionada con el SPP considerando la importancia de la glicoproteína IX en las funciones plaquetarias.