Bioactive role of vitamins as a key modulator of oxidative stress, cellular damage and comorbidities associated with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) cause significant disability and impact the quality of life of those affected by it. The nutritional status and diet are fundamental to diminish the progression of complications; vitamins modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, promote blood-spinal cord barrier preservation and the prompt recovery of homeostasis. A deep knowledge of the benefits achieved from vitamins in patients with SCI are summarized. Information of dosage, time, and effects of vitamins in these patients are also displayed. Vitamins have been extensively investigated; however, more clinical trials are needed to clarify the scope of vitamin supplementation.Objective: The objective of this review was to offer relevant therapeutic information based on vitamins supplementation for SCI patients.Methods: Basic and clinical studies that have implemented the use of vitamins in SCI were considered. They were selected from the year 2000-2022 from three databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Results: Consistent benefits in clinical trials were shown in those who were supplemented with vitamin D (prevents osteoporosis and improves physical performance variables), B3 (improves lipid profile) and B12 (neurological prophylaxis of chronic SCI damage) mainly. On the other hand, improvement related to neuroprotection, damage modulation (vitamin A) and its prophylaxis were associated to B complex vitamins supplementation; the studies who reported positive results are displayed in this review.Discussion: Physicians should become familiar with relevant information that can support conventional treatment in patients with SCI, such as the use of vitamins, a viable option that can improve outcomes in patients with this condition.

Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Perspectives of Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Treatments.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition that could have deleterious neurological outcomes, such as cerebral palsy, neuromotor disability, developmental disability, epilepsy, and sensitive or cognitive problems, and increase the risk of death in severe cases. Once HIE occurs, molecular cascades are triggered favoring the oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inflammation damage that promote cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. Currently, the therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care in HIE; however, it has a small window of action and only can be used in children of more than 36 gestational weeks; for this reason, it is very important to develop new therapies to prevent the progression of the hypoxic-ischemic injury or to develop neuroregenerative therapies in severe HIE cases. The objective of this revision is to describe the emerging treatments for HIE, either preventing cell death for oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, or exacerbated inflammation, as well as describing a new therapeutic approach for neuroregeneration, such as mesenchymal stem cells, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and gonadotropin realizing hormone agonists.

De novo lipogenesis at the mitotic exit is used for nuclear envelope reassembly/expansion. Implications for combined chemotherapy.

Mitosis has been traditionally considered a metabolically inactive phase. We have previously shown, however, that extensive alterations in lipids occur as the cells traverse mitosis, including increased de novo fatty acid (FA) and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) synthesis and decreased lysophospholipid content. Given the diverse structural and functional properties of these lipids, we sought to study their metabolic fate and their importance for cell cycle completion. Here we show that FA and PtdCho synthesized at the mitotic exit are destined to the nuclear envelope. Importantly, FA and PtdCho synthesis, but not the decrease in lysophospholipid content, are necessary for cell cycle completion beyond G2/M. Moreover, the presence of alternative pathways for PtdCho synthesis renders the cells less sensitive to its inhibition than to the impairment of FA synthesis. FA synthesis, thus, represents a cell cycle-related metabolic vulnerability that could be exploited for combined chemotherapy. We explored the combination of fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibition with agents that act at different phases of the cell cycle. Our results show that the effect of FASN inhibition may be enhanced under some drug combinations.

O autocuidado de clientes portadores de hipertensão arterial em um hospital universitário / The self-care of hypertensive patients undergoing treatment in a medical school

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é definida como uma síndrome multifatorial na qual níveis tensionaiselevados estão associados a alterações metabólicas, hormonais e a fenômenos tróficos. O Brasil tem aproximadamente36 milhões de adultos hipertensos, sendo que o tratamento da HAS é um desafio para a equipe de saúde, uma vez que o seu controle necessita da participação e da cooperação do cliente. A educação é um componente essencial para a promoção, manutenção e restauração da saúde, devendo agir de maneira conscientizadora.O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil dos clientes hipertensos, identificar a conscientizaçãodessa população em relação ao autocuidado e elaborar e implantar um programa de educação a esta população. Foram entrevistados 204 clientes cadastrados no Grupo de hipertensão do Ambulatório do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto e avaliados os dados pertinentes à caracterização da população, hábitos diários e alimentares. Realizou-se a estatística descritiva e foi constatado que dos 204 clientes, 116 (56,87 por cento) são do sexo feminino, 148 (72,55 por cento) se consideram nervosos e 105 (51,47 por cento) apresentam dificuldadespara dormir. Quanto ao consumo de alimentos, constatou-se que 82 por cento dos clientes consomem um ou maisalimentos construtores diariamente e 44,3 por cento consomem alimentos energéticos raramente. Este estudo revelou a importância da implantação de um programa de educação que vise o autocuidado desses clientes...