Monolithic All-Solid-State High-Voltage Li-Metal Thin-Film Rechargeable Battery.

The substitution of an organic liquid electrolyte with lithium-conducting solid materials is a promising approach to overcome the limitations associated with conventional lithium-ion batteries. These constraints include a reduced electrochemical stability window, high toxicity, flammability, and the formation of lithium dendrites. In this way, all-solid-state batteries present themselves as ideal candidates for improving energy density, environmental friendliness, and safety. In particular, all-solid-state configurations allow the introduction of compact, lightweight, high-energy-density batteries, suitable for low-power applications, known as thin-film batteries. Moreover, solid electrolytes typically offer wide electrochemical stability windows, enabling the integration of high-voltage cathodes and permitting the fabrication of higher-energy-density batteries. A high-voltage, all-solid-state lithium-ion thin-film battery composed of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode, a LiPON solid electrolyte, and a lithium metal anode has been deposited layer by layer on low-cost stainless-steel current collector substrates. The structural and electrochemical properties of each electroactive component of the battery had been analyzed separately prior to the full cell implementation. In addition to a study of the internal solid-solid interface, comparing them was done with two similar cells assembled using conventional lithium foil, one with thin-film solid electrolyte and another one with thin-film solid electrolyte plus a droplet of LP30 liquid electrolyte. The thin-film all-solid state cell developed in this work delivered 80.5 mAh g-1 in the first cycle at C/20 and after a C-rate test of 25 cycles at C/10, C/5, C/2, and 1C and stabilized its capacity at around 70 mAh g-1 for another 12 cycles prior to the start of its degradation. This cell reached gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 333 Wh kg-1 and 1,212 Wh l-1, respectively. Overall, this cell showed a better performance than its counterparts assembled with Li foil, highlighting the importance of the battery interface control.

Growth Parameters and Diffusion Barriers for Functional High-Voltage Thin-Film Batteries Based on Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes.

Cobalt-free spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is one of the most promising and environmentally friendly cathodes, based on its high specific theoretical capacity (147 mAh·g-1) and high electrochemical potential (4.7 V vs Li+/Li), as well as good electronic and Li-ion conductivities. In this work, we present the fabrication of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 thin-film cathodes deposited by the industrially scalable AC magnetron sputtering technique on functional and cost-effective stainless steel current collectors. This is the first step toward battery downscaling, envisioning the fabrication of compact microbatteries for low-power energy supply. The thin-film strategy is crucial also for solid electrolyte fabrication that will allow the integration of high-energy-density batteries while overcoming most of the current battery challenges. In this work, the effect of film thickness on the material's electrochemical performance is discussed, correlating the observed structural and morphological evolution with the final electrochemical response. Moreover, the effect of iron diffusion from the current collector substrate into the cathode film is analyzed. The addition of a stable CrN barrier layer in between the substrate and the film is proposed to prevent Fe diffusion, with a direct positive influence on the electrochemical behavior. All in all, the obtained results will facilitate the practical implementation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 thin films as high-voltage cathodes in functional cost-effective microbatteries.

[Neurological manifestations in patients with severe COVID-19 in a tertiary care center]. / Manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19 severo en un centro de tercer nivel de atención.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 disease, called COVID-19, emerged in China has acquired pandemic dimensions. According to the WHO situational report of March 15, 2021, the global fatality rate is 2.2%; in Mexico, around 194 944 deaths have been confirmed by COVID-19. Studies in China identified that patients with severe COVID-19, when compared with those who had non-severe COVID-19, presented more severe neurological manifestations. Objective: To determine the frequency of neurological symptoms and manifestations in patients with severe COVID-19 in a tertiary care center. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, observational and analytical study was carried out at the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. Results: 183 cases were analyzed, of which 130 were men (71%). The median age was 55 years (IQR: 44-65). The neurological symptoms were: headache, anosmia and dysgeusia. Neurological manifestations occurred in 27 patients (16%), the most frequent was ischemic-type cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in 12 (44%), in patients older than 76.5 years vs. 54 years (p = 0.000), with history of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: The most frequent neurological symptoms were headache, anosmia and dysgeusia. The most frequent neurological manifestation was ischemic CVD that appeared in older patients with severe COVID-19 with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Introducción: la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 denominada COVID-19 originada en China adquirió dimensiones pandémicas. De acuerdo con el reporte situacional de la OMS al 15 de marzo de 2021, la tasa de letalidad global es del 2.2%; en México se han confirmado alrededor de 194 944 defunciones por COVID-19. Estudios en China identificaron que los pacientes con COVID-19 severo, al compararlos con aquellos que cursaron con COVID-19 no severo, presentaron manifestaciones neurológicas más graves. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de síntomas y manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19 severo en un centro de tercer nivel de atención. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional y analítico, llevado a cabo en el Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 severo. Resultados: se analizaron 183 casos, de los cuales 130 eran hombres (71%). La mediana de edad fue de 55 años (RIC: 44-65). Los síntomas neurológicos fueron: cefalea, anosmia y disgeusia. Las manifestaciones neurológicas se presentaron en 27 pacientes, la más frecuente fue la enfermedad vascular cerebral tipo isquémica (EVC) en 12 pacientes (44%) en pacientes con mayor edad, 76.5 frente a 54 años (p = 0.000), y con antecedente de enfermedad cardiovascular. Conclusiones: los síntomas neurológicos más frecuentes fueron cefalea, anosmia y disgeusia. La manifestación neurológica más frecuente fue la EVC isquémica que se presentó en pacientes con COVID-19 severo de mayor edad y con antecedente de enfermedad cardiovascular.

Manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19 severo en un centro de tercer nivel de atención / Neurological manifestations in patients with severe COVID-19 in a tertiary care center

Introducción: la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 denominada COVID-19 originada en China adquirió dimensiones pandémicas. De acuerdo con el reporte situacional de la OMS al 15 de marzo de 2021, la tasa de letalidad global es del 2.2%; en México se han confirmado alrededor de 194 944 defunciones por COVID-19. Estudios en China identificaron que los pacientes con COVID-19 severo, al compararlos con aquellos que cursaron con COVID-19 no severo, presentaron manifestaciones neurológicas más graves. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de síntomas y manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19 severo en un centro de tercer nivel de atención. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional y analítico, llevado a cabo en el Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 severo. Resultados: se analizaron 183 casos, de los cuales 130 eran hombres (71%). La mediana de edad fue de 55 años (RIC: 44-65). Los síntomas neurológicos fueron: cefalea, anosmia y disgeusia. Las manifestaciones neurológicas se presentaron en 27 pacientes, la más frecuente fue la enfermedad vascular cerebral tipo isquémica (EVC) en 12 pacientes (44%) en pacientes con mayor edad, 76.5 frente a 54 años (p = 0.000), y con antecedente de enfermedad cardiovascular. Conclusiones: los síntomas neurológicos más frecuentes fueron cefalea, anosmia y disgeusia. La manifestación neurológica más frecuente fue la EVC isquémica que se presentó en pacientes con COVID-19 severo de mayor edad y con antecedente de enfermedad cardiovascular.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 disease, called COVID-19, emerged in China has acquired pandemic dimensions. According to the WHO situational report of March 15, 2021, the global fatality rate is 2.2%; in Mexico, around 194 944 deaths have been confirmed by COVID-19. Studies in China identified that patients with severe COVID-19, when compared with those who had non-severe COVID-19, presented more severe neurological manifestations. Objective: To determine the frequency of neurological symptoms and manifestations in patients with severe COVID-19 in a tertiary care center. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, observational and analytical study was carried out at the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. Results: 183 cases were analyzed, of which 130 were men (71%). The median age was 55 years (IQR: 44-65). The neurological symptoms were: headache, anosmia and dysgeusia. Neurological manifestations occurred in 27 patients (16%), the most frequent was ischemic-type cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in 12 (44%), in patients older than 76.5 years vs. 54 years (p = 0.000), with history of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: The most frequent neurological symptoms were headache, anosmia and dysgeusia. The most frequent neurological manifestation was ischemic CVD that appeared in older patients with severe COVID-19 with a history of cardiovascular disease.

The low-harm score for predicting mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19: A multicentric validation study.

Objective: We sought to determine the accuracy of the LOW-HARM score (Lymphopenia, Oxygen saturation, White blood cells, Hypertension, Age, Renal injury, and Myocardial injury) for predicting death from coronavirus disease 2019) COVID-19. Methods: We derived the score as a concatenated Fagan's nomogram for Bayes theorem using data from published cohorts of patients with COVID-19. We validated the score on 400 consecutive COVID-19 hospital admissions (200 deaths and 200 survivors) from 12 hospitals in Mexico. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of LOW-HARM for predicting hospital death. Results: LOW-HARM scores and their distributions were significantly lower in patients who were discharged compared to those who died during their hospitalization 5 (SD: 14) versus 70 (SD: 28). The overall area under the curve for the LOW-HARM score was 0.96, (95% confidence interval: 0.94-0.98). A cutoff > 65 points had a specificity of 97.5% and a positive predictive value of 96%. Conclusions: The LOW-HARM score measured at hospital admission is highly specific and clinically useful for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Influencia de parámetros quirúrgicos en la mortalidad tras cirugía de fracturas extracapsulares de cadera en el paciente anciano / Influence of surgical parameters on mortality after surgery for extracapsular hip fractures in the elderly

INTRODUCCIÓN: La fractura de cadera es una patología traumática muy frecuente en el anciano con alta mortalidad. Diferentes factores se han asociado con la mortalidad tras la cirugía (edad comorbilidades). Hay factores quirúrgicos que se asocian con la mortalidad, pero no se han relacionado con los diferentes índices de mortalidad y comorbilidades médicas. OBJETIVO: Analizar los parámetros quirúrgicos con influencia en la mortalidad en la cirugía de las fracturas extracapsulares de cadera en el paciente anciano, así como la influencia de las comorbilidades médicas de estos pacientes en la mortalidad, mediante el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson abreviado (CCI). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Revisión retrospectiva de 187 pacientes intervenidos en 2015. Se recogieron datos sobre la edad y sexo, lateralidad y tipo de fractura; demora quirúrgica, tiempo quirúrgico, tipo de material de osteosíntesis, estancia media. La presencia de comorbilidades se determinó empleando el CCI. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 85 años. Con respecto al índice de comorbilidad de Charlson abreviado, 67,4% de los pacientes tenían una puntuación entre 0 y 1, el 23,5% de 2, y un 9,1% > 2. La mortalidad al mes y al año tras la cirugía fue de 5,3% y 14,4%, respectivamente. Se registraron 43 complicaciones, de las cuales 31 fueron complicaciones médicas. De los 27 pacientes fallecidos en el primer año, 14 (51,8%) sufrieron complicaciones, 48,2% de las mismas fueron complicaciones médicas. DISCUSIÓN: El análisis multivariante mostró diferencias significativas con respecto a edad, complicaciones médicas e índice de Charlson abreviado de dos con respecto a la mortalidad. No existe asociación entre demora y tiempo quirúrgico con el aumento de la mortalidad. CONCLUSIONES: No se demostró asociación de los parámetros quirúrgicos estudiados (demora y tiempo quirúrgico, patrón y estabilidad de la fractura, criterios de reducción, complicaciones quirúrgicas) con aumento de mortalidad a corto y largo plazo. Los pacientes con mayor edad, comorbilidades medidas con CCI abreviado y los que sufren complicaciones médicas presentan mayor riesgo de mortalidad al mes y al año de la cirugía

INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture is a very frequent traumatic pathology in the elderly with high mortality. Different factors have been associated with mortality after surgery (age comorbidities). There are surgical factors that are associated with mortality, but they have not been related to the different mortality rates and medical comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical parameters with influence on mortality in surgery of extracapsular hip fractures in the elderly patient, as well as the influence of medical comorbidities of these patients on mortality, by means of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). METHOD: Retrospective review of 187 patients operated on in 2015. Data were collected on age and sex, laterality and type of fracture; surgical delay, surgical time, type of osteosynthesis material, mean stay. The presence of comorbidities was determined using the JRC. RESULTS: Mean age was 85 years. Regarding the Charlson comorbidity index in brief, 67.4% of patients had a score between 0 and 1, 23.5% of 2, and 9.1% >2. Mortality at one month and one year after surgery was 5.3% and 14.4% respectively. Forty-three complications were recorded, of which 31 were medical complications. Of the 27 patients who died in the first year, 14 (51.8%) suffered complications, 48.2% of which were medical complications. DISCUSSION: Multivariate analysis showed significant differences with respect to age, medical complications and Charlson index abbreviated to 2 with respect to mortality. There is no association between delay and surgical time with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: No association was demonstrated between the surgical parameters studied (surgical delay and time, fracture pattern and stability, reduction criteria, surgical complications) and increased short and long-term mortality. Patients with older age, comorbidities measured with abbreviated CCI and those suffering medical complications have a higher risk of mortality at the month and year of surgery

Influence of surgical parameters on mortality after surgery for extracapsular hip fractures in the elderly. / Influencia de parámetros quirúrgicos en la mortalidad tras cirugía de fracturas extracapsulares de cadera en el paciente anciano.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture is a very frequent traumatic pathology in the elderly with high mortality. Different factors have been associated with mortality after surgery (age comorbidities). There are surgical factors that are associated with mortality, but they have not been related to the different mortality rates and medical comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical parameters with influence on mortality in surgery of extracapsular hip fractures in the elderly patient, as well as the influence of medical comorbidities of these patients on mortality, by means of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). METHOD: Retrospective review of 187 patients operated on in 2015. Data were collected on age and sex, laterality and type of fracture; surgical delay, surgical time, type of osteosynthesis material, mean stay. The presence of comorbidities was determined using the JRC. RESULTS: Mean age was 85 years. Regarding the Charlson comorbidity index in brief, 67.4% of patients had a score between 0 and 1, 23.5% of 2, and 9.1% >2. Mortality at one month and one year after surgery was 5.3% and 14.4% respectively. Forty-three complications were recorded, of which 31 were medical complications. Of the 27 patients who died in the first year, 14 (51.8%) suffered complications, 48.2% of which were medical complications. DISCUSSION: Multivariate analysis showed significant differences with respect to age, medical complications and Charlson index abbreviated to 2 with respect to mortality. There is no association between delay and surgical time with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: No association was demonstrated between the surgical parameters studied (surgical delay and time, fracture pattern and stability, reduction criteria, surgical complications) and increased short and long-term mortality. Patients with older age, comorbidities measured with abbreviated CCI and those suffering medical complications have a higher risk of mortality at the month and year of surgery.

Association between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer. / Asociación entre síndrome metabólico y cáncer de mama.

Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In Mexico, its prevalence has been reported up to 49.8%, significantly higher than in other countries. In the last 30 years there has been an increase in breast cancer incidence in Mexico, becoming the most frequent and deadly neoplasm in 2018. Since the late 1990s, several observational studies have identified an association between metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of breast cancer. At least 3 interrelated mechanisms that explain the risk increase of cancer associated with metabolic syndrome are postulated: the increase in estrogen levels derived from adipose tissue, hyperinsulinemia and its anabolic effect on epithelial cells and the endocrine effect of abdominal fat. The components of metabolic syndrome associated with an increased risk of breast cancer are: type 2 diabetes with a relative risk of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.16-1.39), obesity in postmenopausal women with a relative risk of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.14-1.70) and low HDL cholesterol levels have demonstrated an increased risk.

El síndrome metabólico es un conjunto de factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus. En México, su prevalencia se ha reportado en un 49.8%, siendo notablemente mayor que en otros países del mundo. En los últimos 30 años se ha observado un incremento en la incidencia de cáncer de mama en México, alcanzando a ser la neoplasia con mayor frecuencia y mortalidad en el año 2018. A finales de la década de los noventa, múltiples estudios observacionales identificaron una asociación entre síndrome metabólico y un incremento en el riesgo de cáncer de mama. Actualmente se postulan, por lo menos, tres mecanismos interrelacionados que explican el incremento en el riesgo de cáncer asociado a síndrome metabólico: el primero de ellos es el aumento en los niveles de estrógenos derivados del tejido adiposo, en segundo lugar la hiperinsulinemia y su efecto anabólico sobre las células epiteliales y, finalmente, el efecto endócrino de la grasa abdominal. Los componentes del síndrome metabólico asociados a un incremento en el riesgo de cáncer de mama son: diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con un riesgo relativo de 1.27 (IC95%: 1.16-1.39), la obesidad en mujeres posmenopáusicas con un riesgo relativo de 1.39 (IC95%: 1.14-1.70) y, finalmente, los niveles bajos de HDL que han mostrado un incremento en el riesgo.

Miedo al tratamiento odontológico en escolares mexicanos / Dental fear among Mexican schoolchildren

RESUMEN Introducción: El miedo al tratamiento odontológico es una reacción emocional que se presenta en niños con una connotación especial. Puede influir en la conducta del niño durante el tiempo de la consulta e intervenir en la efectividad del tratamiento. El abordaje de sus características y de sus diferentes niveles de manifestación es importante para dimensionar este fenómeno psicológico y trazar estrategias futuras. Objetivo: Caracterizar el miedo al tratamiento odontológico en niños escolares mexicanos. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, observacional de corte transversal en 163 niños escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad de una escuela de Monterrey, México, en el período comprendido entre febrero y mayo del 2017. Se les aplicó la escala Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule para determinar los niveles de miedo. Se asumieron para la investigación las variables sexo, edad y niveles de miedo. El análisis de los datos estadísticos se realizó mediante el programa SPSS versión 19.0 Resultados: Se destacó el miedo moderado con 45,4 por ciento y el componente asfixiarme de la escala con el 52,1 por ciento. Las "inyecciones" y que "un extraño me toque" constituyeron los ítems más relacionados con mucho miedo con un 42,7 por ciento y 47,9 por ciento, respectivamente. Se presentó la categoría mucho miedo solo a los 8 y 11 años de edad con 15,3 por ciento y 9,3 por ciento, respectivamente, así como el sexo femenino con el 48,4 por ciento. Conclusiones: El miedo al tratamiento odontológico en niños escolares mexicanos se manifiesta en niveles moderados, con una predilección a temer más a la asfixia durante el tratamiento dental. Edades tempranas de escolaridad, con ligero predominio en el sexo femenino, constituyeron las características más relacionadas con este fenómeno psicológico(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental fear is an emotional reaction occurring in children with a special connotation. It may influence the behavior of child patients during consultation and affect the effectiveness of treatment. Addressing its characteristics and its various forms of manifestation is important to gain insight into this psychological phenomenon and devise future strategies. Objective: Characterize dental fear among Mexican schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of 163 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years from a school in Monterrey, Mexico, from February to May 2017. The Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule was applied to determine fear levels. The variables analyzed in the study were sex, age and fear levels. Analysis of statistical data was performed with the software SPSS version 19.0. Results: The scale components moderate fear (45.4 percent) and fear of suffocation (52.1 percent) stood out among the results obtained. Injections and being touched by a stranger were the items most commonly related to great fear, with 42.7 percent and 47.9 percent, respectively. The great fear category was present only at 8 and 11 years of age, with 15.3 percent and 9.3 percent, respectively, and in the female sex with 48.4 percent. Conclusions: Dental fear is moderate among Mexican schoolchildren, with a prevalence of fear of suffocation during dental care. Early school ages and a predominance of the female sex were the features most commonly related to this psychological phenomenon(AU)

Volumetric lipoinjection of the fronto-orbital and temporal complex with adipose stem cells for the aesthetic restoration of sequelae of craniosynostosis.

BACKGROUND: Non-syndromic craniosynostosis causes craniofacial asymmetry and may persist after cranioplasty. These postoperative asymmetries are primarily depressions. In some cases, patients may be subjected to pranks and harassment by their peers, affecting their psychosocial development. We propose lipoinjection enriched with adipose stem cells (ASCs) to treat the sequelae of craniosynostosis in the fronto-orbital and temporal complex in cranioplasty patients, with the goal of improving the appearance of the upper third of the face. METHODS: Twelve children (four boys and eight girls) between 4 and 8 years of age (mean age, 6 years) in the postoperative period after treatment for plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and trigonocephaly were included, with a follow-up period of 1 to 18 months. Fat tissue was obtained from the lower abdomen, and ASCs were isolated using the Yoshimura technique. Lipoinjection was performed using several mini-approaches to ensure adequate distribution. RESULTS: Two different scales were used to evaluate the aesthetic outcomes. At 6 months, three plastic surgeons independent of the study classified the results using a Likert scale. The patients' parents categorized the results using a visual analog scale at 6, 9, and 18 months. R esults were favorable on both scales, as the patients' facial appearance improved and they reported increased happiness and self-esteem due to their remodeled facial appearance. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that lipoinjection enriched with ASCs is a good alternative for correcting asymmetry of the fronto-orbital and temporal contour in patients with sequelae of craniosynostosis. This treatment will help boost patients' self-esteem starting at an early age.

Lipoinjection and Multiple Internal Cuts for Congenital Constriction Bands: A New Treatment Approach.

BACKGROUND: Traditional treatment for a congenital constriction band of the limb involves multiple Z-plasties and W-plasties. We propose an alternative surgical procedure for the treatment of congenital constriction bands that obviates the need for Z-plasties and eliminates the constriction band. METHODS: We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with a congenital constriction band of the leg. Using a minimally invasive approach, the skin segment that included the band was dissected from the deep tissues. Afterwards, multiple slices were performed on the internal surface of the fibrous ring. This and lipoinjection were used to reverse the depression that characterizes the "hourglass sign" and homogenize the skin surface. RESULTS: Results have remained stable in a follow-up period of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: This surgical alternative can be considered as an option for the treatment of congenital constriction bands. It is a safe, reproducible procedure that does not cause additional scars and has good functional and aesthetic results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Gestión de la calidad universitaria en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "General Calixto García" / Management of quality at the "General Calixto García" Medical School

Introducción: la gestión de la calidad universitaria plantea la necesidad de un nuevo proceso educativo, fundamentado en los principios de excelencia, calidad y pertinencia, lo cual implica que la Educación Superior debe ser perfeccionada en concordancia con la exigencia externa de la sociedad a que corresponde, teniéndose como motor impulsor al sistema de evaluación y acreditación de instituciones y programas universitarios, el que permite crear una cultura de la calidad en la vida universitaria, planteamiento que significa y persigue alcanzar la mejora y optimización de cada proceso universitario.Objetivos: sistematizar conceptos, y teorizaciones alrededor de los procesos de autoevaluación, evaluación y acreditación y caracterizar la gestión de la calidad universitaria en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "General Calixto García".Métodos: se utilizó el procedimiento histórico-lógico para valorar los antecedentes del proceso de evaluación y acreditación a nivel nacional e internacional, y el análisis documental de las normas y procedimientos del Sistema Universitario para la Evaluación de Programas Universitarios, y las autoevaluaciones realizadas en la institución.Resultados: mostraron que en la tipología de la calidad se destaca el trinomio calidad-evaluación-acreditación.Conclusiones: en la Facultad se ha perfeccionado la gestión para lograr niveles superiores de calidad de los procesos universitarios, al realizarse procesos de autoevaluación que permitieron identificar fortalezas y debilidades, diseñar planes de mejoras, la creación de una cultura de calidad en la comunidad universitaria y obtener logros en los procesos de acreditación transitados(AU)

Introduction: The management of quality in the higher education states the necessity of a new educational process which is based on the principles of excellence, quality and pertinence. For this reason, the higher education should be improved according to the current context in accordance to the correspondent society, having as the main elements the evaluation and the accreditation system of institutions and their university teaching process.Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize, systematize and prioritize the management of quality at the Medical Faculty "General Calixto Garcia".Methods: A historical and logical study was used to assess the background of the management of quality in the university process at international levels. Also, a documentary analysis and self-evaluations in the university system were carried out in order to evaluate the university syllabuses.Results: They showed that in the type of the management of quality at higher education, the trinomial: quality-evaluation-accreditation is highlighted.Conclusions: To achieve higher levels of quality in the university process, the institutional commission in charged to assess this work allowed the detection of strengths and weaknesses. As well as, to design plans to improve the quality of the university processes was of a paramount importance for better results(AU)

Gestión de la calidad universitaria en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "General Calixto García" / Management of quality at the "General Calixto García" Medical School i: en

Introducción: la gestión de la calidad universitaria plantea la necesidad de um nuevo proceso educativo, fundamentado en los principios de excelencia, calidad y pertinencia, lo cual implica que la Educación Superior debe ser perfeccionada em concordancia con la exigencia externa de la sociedad a que corresponde, teniéndose como motor impulsor al sistema de evaluación y acreditación de instituciones y programas universitarios, el que permite crear una cultura de La calidad en la vida universitaria, planteamiento que significa y persigue alcanzar La mejora y optimización de cada proceso universitario.Objetivos: sistematizar conceptos, y teorizaciones alrededor de los procesos de autoevaluación, evaluación y acreditación y caracterizar la gestión de la calidad universitaria en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "General Calixto García".Métodos: se utilizó el procedimiento histórico-lógico para valorar los antecedentes del proceso de evaluación y acreditación a nivel nacional e internacional, y el análisis documental de las normas y procedimientos del Sistema Universitario para la Evaluación de Programas Universitarios, y las autoevaluaciones realizadas en La institución. Resultados: mostraron que en la tipología de la calidad se destaca el trinômio calidad-evaluación-acreditación. Conclusiones: en la Facultad se ha perfeccionado la gestión para lograr niveles superiores de calidad de los procesos universitarios, al realizarse procesos de autoevaluación que permitieron identificar fortalezas y debilidades, diseñar planes de mejoras, la creación de una cultura de calidad en la comunidad universitaria y obtener logros en los procesos de acreditación transitados.(AU)

Introduction: The management of quality in the higher education states the necessity of a new educational process which is based on the principles of excellence, quality and pertinence. For this reason, the higher education should be improved according to the current context in accordance to the correspondent society, having as the main elements the evaluation and the accreditation system of institutions and their university teaching process. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize, systematize and prioritize the management of quality at the Medical Faculty "General Calixto Garcia". Methods: A historical and logical study was used to assess the background of the management of quality in the university process at international levels. Also, a documentary analysis and self-evaluations in the university system were carried out in order to evaluate the university syllabuses. Results: They showed that in the type of the management of quality at higher education, the trinomial: quality-evaluation-accreditation is highlighted. Conclusions: To achieve higher levels of quality in the university process, the institutional commission in charged to assess this work allowed the detection of strengths and weaknesses. As well as, to design plans to improve the quality of the university processes was of a paramount importance for better results. (AU)

A nanoscale characterization with electron microscopy of multilayered CrAlYN coatings: a singular functional nanostructure.

A combination of transmission electron microscopy techniques and spatially resolved microanalysis is used to investigate the nanostructure, constituting phases, and chemical elemental distribution in CrAlYN multilayered coatings. The location of the metallic elements and their chemical state are needed to understand their functional properties. Samples were prepared with variable Al (4-12 at%) and Y (2-5 at%) contents by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates using metallic targets and Ar/N2 mixtures under different deposition parameters (power applied to the target and rotation speed of the sample holder). The changes produced in the nanostructure and chemical distribution were investigated. Nanoscale resolution electron microscopy analysis has shown that these coatings present a singular nanostructure formed by multilayers containing at a certain periodicity nanovoids filled with molecular nitrogen. Spatially resolved energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss elemental mappings and profiles showed that the chromium, aluminum, and yttrium atoms are distributed in a sequential way following the position of the targets inside the deposition chamber. Analysis of the different atomic distribution and phases formed at the nanoscale is discussed depending on the deposition parameters.

Single and composite influence of growth-related candidate gene polymorphisms on additive genetic variation of birth weight in Charolais beef cattle.

The objective of the present experiment work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of genomic information on the additive genetic variance of birth weight (BW) of Charolais cattle in Mexico. Variance components and heritability were estimated using four linear models. The first model was the base model (BM) from which single and composite effects of selected single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were evaluated (BM1, BM2, and a composite BM3). Genetic markers were included in a regression model and analyzed by stepwise regression against adjusted BW from a panel of growth-related traits candidate gene markers. After two regression rounds, two SNPs (R (2) > 0.02) were chosen to include into the animal models as fixed effects. Growth hormone receptor gene GHR 4.2 and GHR 6.1 SNPs were selected from a panel of 39 SNPs. GHR 4.2 had a negligible effect on BW, whilst GHR6.1, interestingly, explained ∼9 % of genetic variance (p = 0.0877) with an αG>A = 0.509. The inclusion of markers in M2 and M3 reduced 19 and 15 % of the additive genetic variance, respectively. Both adjusted significantly better the linear model (LRT = p < 0.01). Results obtained suggest that the previous selection of markers in a candidate gene approach and subsequent inclusion of selected SNPs into animal model might provide a better fit, avoiding the overestimation of genetic variance components and breeding values for BW.