Influence of lower limb isokinetic muscle strength and power on the occurrence of falls in community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study.

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have highlighted the association between lower limb muscle strength and falls in older adults. However, a comprehensive understanding of the specific influence of each lower limb muscle group on fall occurrences remains lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of knee, ankle, and hip muscle strength and power on falls in older adults, with the goal of identifying which muscle groups are more predictive of fall risk in this population. METHODS: This longitudinal observational study enrolled 94 community-dwelling older adults. Muscle strength and power of the ankle's plantiflexors and dorsiflexors, knee flexors and extensors, and hip flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors were assessed using a Biodex System 4 Pro® isokinetic dynamometer. Fall occurrences were monitored through monthly telephone contact over a year. RESULTS: Participants, with a median age of 69 years (range 64-74), included 67% women, and 63.8% reported a sedentary lifestyle. Among them, 45,7% of older adults were classified as fallers. Comparative analyses revealed that non-fallers displayed significantly superior isokinetic muscle strength in the hip abductors and adductors, along with higher muscle power in the hip abductors, hip flexors, and knee flexors compared to fallers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a 1 Nm/Kg increase in hip abductor strength reduced the chance of a fall by 86.3%, and a 1 Watt increase in hip flexor power reduced the chance of a fall by 3.6%. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that hip abductor strength and hip flexor power can be considered protective factors against falls in independent older adults in the community. These findings may contribute to developing effective fall-prevention strategies for this population.

Is prehospital physical performance a predictor of functional capacity decline at discharge in hospitalized Brazilian older adults?

BACKGROUND: Hospitalization contributes to functional decline in older adults. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between physical performance on admission and functional capacity and functional capacity decline at discharge, and to investigate tools capable of predicting this decline. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study with 75 older adults admitted to a public hospital between July 2021 and February 2022. The independent variable was physical performance evaluated on admission by handgrip strength (HGS) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The dependent variables were functional capacity for basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and their decline between admission and discharge. Statistical analyses were performed using linear and logistic regression and ROC curves. RESULTS: The median time between admission and participant assessment was 1 day (IQR=1-2 days). Median hospitalization time was 18 days (IQR= 7.5-30 days). Functional capacity for BADLs and IADLs declined in 39% and 79% of the participants, respectively. Performance in HGS and the SPPB at baseline, in adjusted models, explained 29.3 to 35.3% of functional capacity at discharge. One additional point in the SPPB decreased the risk of functional capacity decline for BADLs by 20.9% (OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.91). The AUC values for the SPPB (AUC=0.67) and HGS (AUC=0.65) were significant in identifying functional decline for BADLs, but not IADLs. CONCLUSION: In Brazilian older adults, physical performance on admission was related to functional capacity and its decline at discharge. Physical performance on admission is predictive of functional decline at discharge.

Are dose-response relationships of resistance training reliable to improve functional performance in frail and pre-frail older adults? A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review with meta-analyses investigates the impact of resistance training (RT), using meta-regressions, on functional performance in frail and pre-frail adults aged ≥ 65 years to determine the key variables of RT. Ten randomized controlled trials involving 1303 participants were analyzed. Five studies assessed habitual walking speed (HWS), three studies evaluated performance in the timed-up-and-go test (TUG), three studies evaluated performance in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and three studies assessed performance in the sit-to-stand test (STS). RT alone improved STS time and SPPB scores in frail and pre-frail older adults. RT improved STS performance (Effect Size (ES):- 0.536; 95% CI - 0.874 to - 0.199; p = .002) and led to a 2.261-point increase in SPPB performance (ES:1.682; 95% CI 0.579-2.786; p = .003). At least two weekly training sessions are required to increase SPPB scores, and three sessions seem to optimize the improvements. Higher training volume per exercise and volume per session reduce the gains in SPPB performance. We did not observe any association between different doses of RT and STS time improvements. RT alone positively influenced TUG performance only in community-dwelling older frail and pre-frail adults but not in institutionalized older individuals. RT alone did not improve the HWS compared to the non-active control group.

Exergaming in the treatment of gait, balance, and quality of life in Parkinson's disease: Overview of systematic reviews.

INTRODUCTION: Postural instability and gait impairments are common in people with PD, both of which have a negative effect on their quality of life. Systematic reviews have demonstrated benefits of using exergaming in enhancing these outcomes. However, there is no consensus over whether exergaming therapy is better than conventional physical therapy for enhancing gait, balance, and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this overview is to systematically synthesize and evaluate the available evidence found in published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, on the effects of exergaming therapy on balance, gait, and quality of life, compared to conventional physical therapy or no intervention. METHODS: This overview was reported in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was carried out in nine databases. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized forms and the search strategy included terms related to intervention, population, and study type. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews/meta-analysis (SRs/Mas) was evaluated using the "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2" (AMSTAR-2). The "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation" (GRADE) was used to assess the quality of the evidence. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the "Risk Of Bias In Systematic Reviews" (ROBIS). PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021238131. RESULTS: 112 SRs/MAs were found and nine of them were selected. Six reviews were rated as very low methodological quality and three reviews as low methodological quality. Five reviews were classified with low risk of bias and four reviews with high risk of bias. Most of the SR/MAs demonstrated significant effects on balance favoring exergaming therapy over conventional therapy, however those studies had been rated as very low quality of evidence. Inconclusive results were found for the quality of life and gait outcomes. CONCLUSION: Exergaming therapy shows promise for the rehabilitation of PD. However, this overview was unable to conclude with certainty that exergaming therapy is superior to conventional physical therapy in improving gait, balance, or quality of life in people with PD. The effectiveness of exergaming therapy in the treatment of people with PD still need to be verified by high-quality studies.

Atletas de Taekwondo apresentam desequilíbrio muscular entre os músculos flexores e extensores do joelho: achados preliminares / Taekwondo athletes have muscle imbalance between knee flexors and extensions: preliminary findings / Los atletas de Taekwondo presentan un desequilibrio muscular entre los flexores y los extensores de la rodilla: hallazgos preliminares

Durante a prática de taekwondo com movimentos repetitivos, sistematizados e com certa sobrecarga de treino, o indivíduo pode gerar possíveis adaptações orgânicas que resultam em problemas posturais com grandes chances de desencadear desequilíbrio muscular. Objetivo: Verificar a presença de desequilíbrio entre os grupos musculares agonistas e antagonistas da articulação do joelho e entre membros dominantes e não dominantes de praticantes de taekwondo por meio da dinamometria isocinética. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo realizado com nove praticantes de taekwondo do sexo masculino. Utilizou-se um dinamômetro isocinético para investigar o pico de torque, pico de torque por peso corporal, trabalho total, potência média, relação agonista/antagonista e índice de fadiga. Os dados dos membros dominante e não dominante foram comparados por meio do teste t-student para amostras pareadas. Foram calculados o intervalo de confiança de 95% da diferença média, o tamanho de efeito e o poder das análises. Resultados: Os músculos extensores dos membros dominante e não dominante apresentaram diferença média significante de 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) para pico de torque e de 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) para pico de torque por peso corporal a 60°/s, representando tamanho de efeito médio. Conclusão: Os atletas de taekwondo apresentaram maior pico de torque e maior pico de torque por peso corporal dos músculos extensores do joelho a 60º/s no lado dominante. A relação agonista/ antagonista foi inferior a 60% e mais da metade dos atletas apresentaram uma diferença maior que 10% no pico de torque flexor no lado não dominante.

During taekwondo practice with the repetitive motions, systematized and with certain training overload, the person can generate possible organic adaptations that result in postural problems with a great chances of triggering muscle imbalance. Objective: To verify the presence of imbalance between agonist and antagonist muscle groups of knee joint and between dominant and non-dominant limbs through isokinetic dynamometry. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study realized with nine male taekwondo practitioners. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to investigate the peak torque, peak torque by body weight, total work, average power, agonist/antagonist ratio and fatigue index. Data from the dominant and non-dominant limbs were compared by t-student test for pared samples. The 95% confidence interval of the mean difference, the effect size and the power of analyses power were calculated. Results: The extensor muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs showed mean difference of 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) for peak torque and of 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) for peak torque by body weight at 60°/s, representing average effect size. Conclusion: The taekwondo athletes had higher peak torque and higher peak torque by body weight of the knee extensors muscles in the dominant side. The agonist/ antagonist ratio was less than 60% and more than half of the athletes showed a difference greater than 10% in the peak flexor torque on the non-dominant side.

Durante la práctica de taekwondo con los movimientos repetitivos, sistematizados y con cierta sobrecarga de entrenamiento, la persona puede generar posibles adaptaciones orgánicas que deriven en problemas posturales con grandes posibilidades de desencadenar desequilibrios musculares. Objetivo: Verificar la presencia de desequilibrio entre grupos musculares agonistas y antagonistas de la articulación de la rodilla y entre miembros dominantes y no dominantes mediante dinamometría isocinética. Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo realizado con nueve practicantes masculinos de taekwondo. Se utilizó un dinamómetro isocinético para investigar el par máximo, el par máximo por peso corporal, el trabajo total, la potencia media, la relación agonista/antagonista y el índice de fatiga. Los datos de las extremidades dominantes y no dominantes se compararon mediante la prueba t- student para muestras de pared. Se calcularon el intervalo de confianza del 95% de la diferencia media, el tamaño del efecto y la potencia de los análisis. Resultados: Los músculos extensores de los miembros dominantes y no dominantes mostraron una diferencia media de 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) para el par máximo y de 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) para el par máximo por peso corporal a 60°/s, lo que representa el tamaño medio del efecto. Conclusiones: Los atletas de taekwondo presentaron un mayor par máximo y un mayor par máximo por peso corporal de los músculos extensores de la rodilla en el lado dominante. La relación agonista/antagonista fue inferior al 60% y más de la mitad de los atletas mostraron una diferencia superior al 10% en el pico de par flexor en el lado no dominante.

Contributions of social participation to the dynamic balance, mobility, and muscle strength of different age groups of older people: a cross-sectional study / Contribuições da participação social para equilíbrio dinâmico, mobilidade e força muscular de diferentes faixas etárias de idosos: um estudo transversal / Contribuciones de la participación social al equilibrio dinámico, la movilidad y la fuerza muscular de diferentes grupos de edad de ancianos: un estudio transversal

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the contributions of social participation in health promotion groups and regular physical exercise programs to the physical and functional performance of different age groups of community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study including 266 older adults. Physical and functional performances (dependent variables) were characterized based on dynamic balance (alternate step test), mobility (timed up and go test), upper (handgrip dynamometer) and lower limbs muscle strength (Sit-to-stand test). Participants were questioned about active social participation in primary care groups and in physical exercise programs. The data were analyzed by linear regressions. Among individuals aged over 80 years, women participated in less health promotion groups and both sexes practiced less physical exercise. Age combined with regular exercise significantly explained 18.7% of dynamic balance and 22.8% of lower limb muscle strength in women. Despite social participation, for men, age alone explained 11.9% of lower limb strength and 11.5% of mobility. Therefore, social participation in physical exercise programs was a protective factor for these physical and functional differences between women's age groups. Among men, mobility and lower limb strength performance reduced with aging, regardless of social participation.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as contribuições da participação social em grupos de promoção de saúde e programas de exercícios físicos regulares para o desempenho físico e funcional de idosos comunitários de diferentes faixas etárias. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo transversal com 266 idosos. O desempenho físico e funcional (variáveis dependentes) foi caracterizado com base no equilíbrio dinâmico (teste de degrau alternado), na mobilidade (teste timed up and go), na força muscular dos membros superiores (dinamômetro de preensão manual) e inferiores (teste de sentar e levantar). Os participantes foram questionados sobre sua participação social ativa em grupos de atenção primária e em programas de exercícios físicos. Os dados foram analisados por regressões lineares. Entre os indivíduos com 80 anos ou mais, as mulheres participaram menos de grupos de promoção de saúde, e ambos os sexos praticaram menos exercícios físicos. A idade combinada com o exercício regular explicou significativamente 18,7% do equilíbrio dinâmico e 22,8% da força muscular dos membros inferiores em mulheres. Para os participantes do sexo masculino, independentemente da participação social, apenas a idade explicou 11,9% da força dos membros inferiores e 11,5% da mobilidade. Verificou-se que a participação social em programas de exercícios físicos foi um fator protetor, entre as mulheres, para essas diferenças físicas e funcionais entre faixas etárias. Entre os homens, o desempenho de mobilidade e força dos membros inferiores foi piorando conforme o aumento da idade, independentemente da participação social.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las contribuciones de la participación social en grupos de promoción de la salud y en programas de ejercicio físico regular para el desempeño físico y funcional de ancianos residentes en comunidad de diferentes grupos de edad. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con 266 ancianos. El rendimiento físico y funcional (variables dependientes) se caracterizó con base en el equilibrio dinámico (prueba de escalón alterno), en la movilidad (prueba timed up and go), en la fuerza muscular de los miembros superiores (dinamómetro de agarre manual) y miembros inferiores (prueba de levantarse y sentarse). Las preguntas del cuestionario versaban sobre la participación social activa de los encuestados en grupos de atención primaria y en programas de ejercicio físico. Los datos se analizaron mediante regresiones lineales. Entre las personas de 80 años o más, las mujeres participaban menos en los grupos de promoción de la salud y ambos sexos practicaban menos ejercicio físico. La combinación edad y ejercicio regular explicó significativamente el 18,7% del equilibrio dinámico y el 22,8% de la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores en las mujeres. Para los participantes del sexo masculino, independientemente de la participación social, la edad por sí sola explicó el 11,9% de la fuerza de los miembros inferiores y el 11,5% de la movilidad. Se encontró que la participación social en programas de ejercicio físico fue un factor protector entre las mujeres para estas diferencias físicas y funcionales entre los grupos de edad. Entre los hombres, el rendimiento de la movilidad y fuerza de las extremidades inferiores empeoró conforme el aumento de la edad, independientemente de la participación social.

Prevalência de quadros álgicos em praticantes de brazilian jiu-jitsu / Prevalence of algic conditions in brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners / Prevalencia de condiciones álgicas em practicantes brazilian de jiu-jitsu

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de queixas álgicas em praticantes de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), as queixas que levaram ao afastamento dos treinamentos e as queixas de lesões prévias. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo que incluiu praticantes regulares de BJJ do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 40 anos. Foi elaborado um questionário para identificar o perfil dos praticantes: idade, graduação, tempo de prática da arte marcial, frequência de treinos, prática de outras atividades física e frequência. Para a investigação das queixas álgicas, foi aplicado o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares ­ QNSO, versão em português adaptada. Os dados foram registrados no programa Microsoft Excel 365 e foi realizada estatística descritiva. Resultados: Os 52 participantes da pesquisa possuíam idade média de 32 anos e tempo médio de 9 anos de prática de Jiu-Jitsu, 50% deles possuía graduação de faixa azul. Os praticantes apresentaram 45 relatos de queixas na semana anterior a aplicação do QNSO, 76 relatos no ano anterior, 43 relatos que levaram os praticantes a se afastarem do treinamento e 20 relatos de lesões prévias no ano anterior. Conclusão: A maior prevalência de queixas nos 7 dias prévios a aplicação do QNSO, ocorreu em joelhos, coluna lombar e quadril-coxas, e nos 12 meses prévios ocorreu em joelhos, coluna lombar e ombros. A maior prevalência que levou os praticantes ao afastamento dos treinamentos nos 12 meses prévios ocorreu em joelhos, coluna lombar e tornozelo-pés, e as queixas de lesões prévias ocorreram em joelhos, punhos e ombros.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of pain complaints in Brazilian Jiu- Jitsu (BJJ) practitioners, the complaints that led to withdrawal from training and the complaints of previous injuries. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study that included regular male BJJ practitioners aged between 18 and 40 years. A basic questionnaire was created to collect variables: age, graduation, time practicing martial art, frequency of training, practice of other physical activities and frequency. For the investigation of pain complaints, the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms - NQSO, adapted Portuguese version, was applied. Data were recorded in the Microsoft Excel 365 program and descriptive statistics were performed. Results: The 52 research participants had average an age of 32 years old and average time of 9 years of BJJ practice, 50% of them were blue belt graduation. The practitioners presented 45 reports of complaints in the week before the application of NQSO, 76 reports in previous year, 43 reports that led to withdrawal training and 20 reports of previous injuries in the previous year. Conclusion: The highest prevalence of complaints in the previous 7 days of the application of NQSO occurred in the knees, lumbar spine and hip- thighs, and in the previous 12 months occurred in the knees, lumbar spine and shoulders. The major prevalence that led to withdrawal training in the previous 12 month occurred in the knees, lumbar spine and ankle-foots, and the complaints of previous injuries occurred in the knees, wrists and shoulders.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de quejas de dolor en practicantes de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), las quejas que llevaron a la retirada del entrenamiento y las quejas de lesiones anteriores. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo que incluyó practicantes regulares de BJJ del sexo masculino, con edades entre 18 y 40 años. Se elaboró un cuestionario para identificar el perfil de los practicantes: edad, grado, tiempo de práctica del arte marcial, frecuencia de entrenamiento, práctica de otras actividades físicas y frecuencia. Para la investigación de las quejas de dolor, se aplicó el Cuestionario Nórdico de Síntomas Musculoesqueléticos ­ CNSO, versión portuguesa adaptada. Los datos se registraron en el programa Microsoft Excel 365 y se realizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Los 52 participantes de la investigación tenían una edad promedio de 32 años y un tiempo promedio de práctica de BJJ de 9 años, el 50% de ellos tenían graduación de cinturón azul. Los practicantes presentaron 45 reportes de denuncias en la semana anterior a la aplicación de la CNSO, 76 reportes en el año anterior, 43 reportes que llevaron a los practicantes a retirarse del entrenamiento y 20 reportes de lesiones anteriores en el año anterior. Conclusión: La mayor prevalencia de quejas en los 7 días previos a la aplicación de la CNSO se presentó en rodillas, columna lumbar y cadera-muslos, y en los 12 meses anteriores se presentó en rodillas, columna lumbar y hombros. La prevalencia más alta que llevó a los practicantes a retirarse del entrenamiento en los 12 meses anteriores ocurrió en rodillas, columna lumbar y tobillo-pie, y las quejas de lesiones previas ocurrieron en rodillas, muñecas y hombros.

Association between isokinetic strength measures and functional performance in community-dwelling older adults / Asociación entre las medidas de fuerza isocinética y el rendimiento funcional en personas mayores en la comunidad / Associação entre medidas de força isocinética e desempenho funcional em pessoas idosas da comunidade

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown an association between lower limb muscle strength and functional performance, but a dose-response relationship between the strength of each lower limb muscle group and performance in daily life activities in older adults has not been well established. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between isokinetic muscle strength of all eight major lower limb muscle groups and functional performance in community-dwelling older adults. The muscle strength of the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors of the ankle, flexors and extensors of the knee, and flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors of the hip were evaluated using a Biodex System 4 Pro® isokinetic dynamometer. Functional performance was evaluated in 109 participants using the five-times sit-to-stand test (STS) and 4-meter usual walking speed (UWS). The multiple linear regression analyses showed that the hip abductors strength predicted 31.3% of the variability for UWS (p=0.011), and the knee extensors strength (p=0.015) predicted 31.6% of the variability for the STS. We conclude that hip abductors and knee extensors could be the key muscle groups involved in sit to stand and walking speed performance in older adults.

RESUMEN Estudios previos ya demostraron la asociación entre la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores y el rendimiento funcional, sin embargo, no está bien establecida la contribución de los principales músculos de los miembros inferiores sobre el rendimiento de las personas mayores en las actividades diarias. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la fuerza muscular isocinética de los ocho principales grupos musculares de los miembros inferiores y el rendimiento funcional en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad. La fuerza muscular de los plantiflexores y dorsiflexores del tobillo, los flexores y extensores de la rodilla y los flexores, extensores, aductores y abductores de la cadera se evaluaron por medio del dinamómetro isocinético Biodex System 4 Pro®. El rendimiento funcional de 109 participantes se evaluó mediante el test de sentarse y pararse cinco veces (STS) y la velocidad de marcha habitual de 4 metros. Los análisis de regresión lineal múltiple mostraron que la fuerza de los abductores de la cadera predijo el 31,3% de la variabilidad para la velocidad de marcha habitual (p=0,011); y la fuerza de los extensores de la rodilla (p=0,015), el 31,6% de variabilidad para STS. Se concluyó que los abductores de la cadera y los extensores de la rodilla pueden ser los principales grupos musculares involucrados en el rendimiento de los adultos mayores para sentarse, pararse y caminar.

RESUMO Estudos anteriores já demonstraram a associação entre força muscular de membros inferiores e desempenho funcional, mas a contribuição dos principais músculos dos membros inferiores para o desempenho de pessoas idosas nas atividades cotidianas não foi bem estabelecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre a força muscular isocinética dos oito principais grupos musculares dos membros inferiores e o desempenho funcional em pessoas idosas da comunidade. A força muscular dos plantiflexores e dorsiflexores do tornozelo, flexores e extensores do joelho e flexores, extensores, adutores e abdutores do quadril foi avaliada utilizando um dinamômetro isocinético Biodex System 4 Pro®. O desempenho funcional de 109 participantes foi avaliado usando o teste de sentar e levantar cinco vezes (TSL) e de velocidade de marcha habitual de 4 metros (VMH). As análises de regressão linear múltipla mostraram que a força dos abdutores do quadril previu 31,3% da variabilidade para a VMH (p=0,011), e a força dos extensores do joelho (p=0,015) 31,6% da variabilidade para o TSL. Concluímos que os abdutores do quadril e os extensores do joelho podem ser os principais grupos musculares envolvidos no desempenho de pessoas idosas para sentar-levantar e caminhar.

Associação dos parâmetros clínicos de sarcopenia e comprometimento cognitivo em pessoas idosas: estudo transversal / Association of clinical parameters of sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older people: cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo Associar os parâmetros clínicos de sarcopenia com o comprometimento cognitivo em pessoas idosas. Método Estudo transversal, com 263 idosos (≥60 anos) usuários de um serviço público de atenção especializada. Variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas caracterizaram a amostra e os parâmetros clínicos de sarcopenia (força, massa muscular e desempenho físico) foram avaliados, respectivamente, por meio da Força de Preensão Palmar (FPP), circunferência da panturrilha (CP) e o Teste Timed Up and Go (TUG). Utilizou-se o Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) para avaliar o estado cognitivo. As associações foram investigadas por regressões lineares e logísticas simples e múltiplas considerando os parâmetros clínicos de sarcopenia (variáveis independentes) e o estado cognitivo (variável dependente), ajustadas para idade, sexo, anos de estudo, número de medicação, estado nutricional e capacidade funcional. Resultados Dos participantes com comprometimento cognitivo, 59,6% apresentaram baixa força muscular. O Conclusão A baixa força muscular foi o parâmetro de sarcopenia independentemente associado ao comprometimento cognitivo. Essa informação é útil para atentar-se para a probabilidade de comprometimento cognitivo quando identificada baixa força muscular em pessoas idosas.

Abstract Objective To associate clinical parameters of sarcopenia with cognitive impairment in older people. Method Cross-sectional study with 263 older adults (≥60 years) treated at a specialized public health facility. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were used to characterize the sample and the clinical parameters of sarcopenia (muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance) were assessed based on handgrip strength (HGS), calf circumference (CC) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive status. Associations were analyzed by simple and multiple linear and logistic regression considering the clinical parameters of sarcopenia (independent variables) and cognitive status (dependent variable), adjusted for age, sex, years of schooling, number of medications, nutritional status and functional capacity. Results Of participants with cognitive impairment, 59.6% exhibited low muscle strength. Conclusion Low muscle strength was the sarcopenia parameter independently associated with cognitive impairment. This information is useful in highlighting the likelihood of cognitive impairment when poor muscle strength is identified in older people.

Effectiveness of Pilates and circuit-based exercise in reducing arthralgia in women during hormone therapy for breast cancer: a randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Pilates compared with circuit-based exercise in reducing arthralgia in women during hormone therapy for breast cancer. DESIGN: Single-blind randomized controlled trial, parallel. SETTING: University hospital of Brasilia and Brazilian Association for Assistance to People with Cancer. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty women with arthralgia were recruited. Eligibility criteria included women complaining of arthralgia during hormone therapy for breast cancer. The exclusion criteria were women with active cancer, lymphedema, limitations to physical exercise, or limitation to answer some questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: Pain. Secondary: Function, flexibility, and sleep quality. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and the end of the intervention (8 weeks) by the same blinded evaluator. INTERVENTION: Sixty participants were randomly assigned 20 to each of the three groups: Pilates, circuit-based exercise, and control groups. Exercise was performed twice per week for 75 min, over a period of 8 weeks. Participants in the control group were instructed to continue their usual activities. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the outcomes. Intergroup differences were calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Mann Whitney U testing and the parametric data between the three groups with ANOVA of repeated measures with Bonferroni post hoc. RESULTS: The Pilates group demonstrated a significant difference in pain reduction compared to the circuit group (mean difference: -1.95 points, p = 0.020). CONCLUSION: Pilates was more effective than circuit-based exercise in reducing arthralgia in women during hormone therapy for breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3wsdhs/ Registered on Octob 16th 2017.

Obesity is associated with postural balance on unstable surfaces but not with fear of falling in older adults.

BACKGROUND: There are inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between body mass index (BMI), fear of falling and body balance, especially on unstable surfaces. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether obesity is associated with worse postural balance and fear of falling in older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 older adults, classified as normal weight, overweight, or obese according to BMI. Postural balance was evaluated on stable and unstable surfaces on the Biodex Balance System platform under three visual conditions: with and without visual feedback and with eyes closed. Fear of falling was identified by a dichotomous question and the Falls Efficacy Scale. These data were compared between groups and included in adjusted multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The study showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in body oscillations on a stable surface between the three groups. On an unstable surface, the obese older adults exhibited body oscillations from 0.61° [95% CI 0.07, 1.30] to 1.63° [95% CI 0.84, 2.41] greater than those with normal weight in the three visual conditions. The obese older adults also displayed larger mediolateral oscillations with visual feedback (mean difference: 0.50° [95% CI 0.01, 0.98]) as well as greater global oscillations without visual feedback (mean difference of 0.82° [95% CI 0.18, 1.81]) and with progressive instability (mean difference: 0.80° [95% CI 0.05, 1.66]) than the overweight older adults. BMI explained from 6 to 12% of body swings investigated on unstable surface. Obesity was not associated with fear of falling. CONCLUSION: Obesity was associated with reduced postural stability on unstable surfaces but not with fear of falling in older adults.

Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus parasacral stimulation in the treatment of overactive bladder in elderly people: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) and transcutaneous parasacral stimulation on the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in elderly people and to compare the final results between groups. METHODS: Fifty female volunteers, mean age 68.62 (±5.9) years, were randomly allocated into two groups: those receiving TTNS (G1, N=25) and those receiving transcutaneous parasacral stimulation (G2, N=25). The primary outcome was the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-OAB) score, and secondary outcomes were the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - short form (ICIQ-SF) score and 3-day bladder diary measurements. Volunteers were assessed before and after the treatment. Clinical Trials (ReBeC): RBR-9Q7J7Y. RESULTS: Both groups' symptoms improved as measured by the ICIQ-OAB (G1 = <0.001; G2 = <0.001) and ICIQ-SF (G1 = <0.001; G2 = <0.001). In the 3-day bladder diary assessments after treatment, G1 showed a reduced number of nocturia (p<0.001), urgency (p<0.001) and urge urinary incontinence episodes (p<0.001), whereas G2 showed only a reduced number of nocturia episodes (p<0.001). No difference between groups was found. CONCLUSION: Both of the proposed treatments were effective in the improvement of OAB symptoms, but TTNS showed a reduction in a greater number of symptoms as measured by the 3-day bladder diary. No differences were found between groups.

The influence of isokinetic peak torque and muscular power on the functional performance of active and inactive community-dwelling elderly: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the importance of the isokinetic muscular torque and power of knee extensors and flexors on the functional performance of active and inactive elderly women. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 116 community-dwelling women (≥60 years old) without severe cognitive and/or motor dysfunction. Isokinetic muscle function was measured by peak torque and muscle power at 60°/s (5 repetitions) and 180°/s (15 repetitions), respectively. Mobility was evaluated by means of the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the Habitual Gait Speed (HGS) test. Balance was evaluated via the alternate step and semitandem tests. Lower limb strength was assessed using the Sit-to-stand test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between independent and dependent variables (α=0.05). RESULT: Active elderly women had better muscle function and functional performance than inactive elderly women for almost all variables. Peak torque and muscular power of knee extensor muscles explained the dynamic balance, mobility, and lower limb strength among inactive elderly women (OR: 0.89-0.95; p<0.05). Muscular power of knee flexors influenced tasks that required mobility and lower limb strength among active elderly (OR: 0.82-0.87; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The muscular power of knee flexors was shown to be more important for the functional performance of active elderly women. The muscular power of knee extensors had a stronger influence on the performance of the inactive elderly women.

Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus parasacral stimulation in the treatment of overactive bladder in elderly people: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) and transcutaneous parasacral stimulation on the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in elderly people and to compare the final results between groups. METHODS: Fifty female volunteers, mean age 68.62 (±5.9) years, were randomly allocated into two groups: those receiving TTNS (G1, N=25) and those receiving transcutaneous parasacral stimulation (G2, N=25). The primary outcome was the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-OAB) score, and secondary outcomes were the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - short form (ICIQ-SF) score and 3-day bladder diary measurements. Volunteers were assessed before and after the treatment. Clinical Trials (ReBeC): RBR-9Q7J7Y. RESULTS: Both groups' symptoms improved as measured by the ICIQ-OAB (G1 = <0.001; G2 = <0.001) and ICIQ-SF (G1 = <0.001; G2 = <0.001). In the 3-day bladder diary assessments after treatment, G1 showed a reduced number of nocturia (p<0.001), urgency (p<0.001) and urge urinary incontinence episodes (p<0.001), whereas G2 showed only a reduced number of nocturia episodes (p<0.001). No difference between groups was found. CONCLUSION: Both of the proposed treatments were effective in the improvement of OAB symptoms, but TTNS showed a reduction in a greater number of symptoms as measured by the 3-day bladder diary. No differences were found between groups.

Dynamic and Static Postural Control in Volleyball Players with Transfemoral Amputation / Controle Postural Dinâmico e Estático em Jogadores de Vôlei com Amputação Transfemoral / Control Postural Dinámico y Estático de Jugadores de VÓLEY con Amputación Transfemoral

ABSTRACT Introduction: A decrease in postural control and proprioception is a common result of lower limb amputation. However, postural control adaptation in Paralympic sitting volleyball players with lower limb amputation is not yet understood. Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional controlled study was to investigate static and dynamic postural control in sitting volleyball players with unilateral transfemoral amputation. Methods: Sixteen subjects participated in the study, eight of whom were amputees with unilateral transfemoral amputation (amputee group: age: 33.5 ± 5.6 years, weight: 77.7 ± 5.3 kg, height: 179.4 ± 5.3 cm) and eight physically active non-amputees (control group age: 27.2 ± 8.4 years, weight: 82.7 ± 6.6 kg, height: 178.7 ± 6.1 cm). Static and dynamic postural control was evaluated using the Neurocom® Balance Master System platform (Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance, Limits of Stability, Rhythmic Weight Shift, Sit-to-Stand, Walk Across, and Step and Quick Turn). Statistical analyses were performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene's test, and Student's t-test for paired samples (p <0.05). Results: The amputee group demonstrated impaired postural control in all tests when compared to the control group (p <.05) for all postural tests except for the rhythmic change and sit-to-stand tests (p >.05). Conclusion: Despite training in sitting volleyball, our results demonstrated that amputees have poorer postural control in both static and dynamic tasks when compared to physically active non-amputees. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic Studies—Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on Disease Outcome / Retrospectivef Study.

RESUMO Introdução: Uma diminuição no controle postural e propriocepção é um resultado comum da amputação dos membros inferiores. No entanto, a adaptação do controle postural nos jogadores paralímpicos de vôlei sentado com amputação de membros inferiores ainda não é compreendida. Objetivo: O propósito desse estudo transversal controlado consistia em investigar o controle postural estático e dinâmico em jogadores de vôlei sentado com amputação transfemoral unilateral. Métodos: Dezesseis indivíduos participaram do estudo, oito deles eram amputados com amputação transfemoral unilateral (grupo amputado: idade: 33,5 ± 5,6 anos, peso: 77,7 ± 5,3 kg, altura: 179,4 ± 5,3 cm) e oito eram fisicamente ativos não-amputados (idade do grupo controle: 27,2 ± 8,4 anos, peso: 82,7 ± 6,6 kg, altura: 178,7 ± 6,1 cm). O controle postural estático e dinâmico foi avaliado usando a plataforma Neurocom® Balance Master System (Teste Clínico Modificado de Interação Sensorial no Equilíbrio, Limites de Estabilidade, Variação Rítmica de Carga, Sentado para de Pé, Marcha na Plataforma e Passo com Inversão Rápida). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o teste Shapiro-Wilk, o teste de Levene e o teste t de Student para amostras pareadas (p <0,05). Resultados: O grupo de amputados demonstrou comprometimento do controle postural em todos os testes quando comparado ao grupo controle (p<0,05) em todos os testes posturais, com exceção dos testes de Variação Rítmica e Sentado para de Pé (p>0,05). Conclusão: Apesar do treinamento no vôlei sentado, nossos resultados demonstraram que os amputados apresentam um controle postural mais precário tanto em tarefas estáticas como dinâmicas, quando comparados com os não-amputados fisicamente ativos. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo prognóstico - investigar o efeito da característica do paciente no resultado de uma doença/Estudo Retrospectivo.

RESUMEN Introducción: Una disminución en el control postural y propiocepción es un resultado común de la amputación de los miembros inferiores. Sin embargo, la adaptación del control postural en los jugadores paralímpicos de vóley sentado con amputación de miembros inferiores aún no es comprendida. Objetivo: El propósito de ese estudio transversal controlado consistía en investigar el control postural estático y dinámico en jugadores de vóley sentado con amputación transfemoral unilateral. Métodos: Dieciséis individuos participaron en el estudio, ocho de ellos eran amputados con amputación transfemoral unilateral (grupo amputado: edad: 33,5 ± 5,6 años, peso: 77,7 ± 5,3 kg, altura: 179,4 ± 5,3 cm) y ocho eran físicamente activos no amputados (edad del grupo control: 27,2 ± 8,4 años, peso: 82,7 ± 6,6 kg, altura: 178,7 ± 6,1 cm). El control postural estático y dinámico fue evaluado usando la plataforma Neurocom® Balance Master System (Test Clínico Modificado de Interacción Sensorial en el Equilibrio, Límites de Estabilidad, Variación Rítmica de Carga, Sentado para de pie, Marcha en la Plataforma y Paso con Inversión Rápida). Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados con el test Shapiro-Wilk, el test de Levene y el test t de Student para muestras pareadas (p <0,05). Resultados: El grupo de amputados demostró compromiso del control postural en todos los tests cuando comparado al grupo control (p<0,05) en todos los tests posturales, con excepción de los tests de variación rítmica y sit-to-stand (p>0,05). Conclusión: A pesar del entrenamiento en el vóley sentado, nuestros resultados demostraron que los amputados presentan un control postural más precario tanto en tareas estáticas como dinámicas, cuando comparados con los no amputados físicamente activos. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio pronóstico - investigar el efecto de la característica del paciente en el resultado de una enfermedad/Estudio Retrospectivo.

Os fatores clínicos e físico-funcionais predizem quedas em idosos com deficit cognitivo? / Can clinical and physical-functional factors predict falls in cognitively impaired older adults?

OBJETIVO: Investigar a frequência de quedas, os fatores clínicos e físico-funcionais associados às quedas e à acurácia desses fatores para identificar risco de cair em idosos com deficit cognitivo. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com idosos com deficit cognitivo identificado no Mini-Exame do Estado Mental. Variável dependente: histórico de queda nos 6 meses anteriores. Variáveis independentes: autorrelato de confusão mental, deficiência auditiva e visual, cansaço físico, fraqueza muscular, tontura, desequilíbrio corporal, insegurança para caminhar, diagnóstico de depressão, internações, quantidade de medicamentos de uso contínuo (formulário de pesquisa), massa muscular (circunferência de panturrilha), força de preensão palmar (dinamometria), capacidade funcional (Pfeffer) e mobilidade corporal (SAM-Br). Foi realizada estatística descritiva. Os grupos foram comparados com teste U Mann Whitney, os fatores de risco identificados por regressão logística uni e multivariada e a área sob a curva ROC (AUC) foi calculada para fatores associados. RESULTADO: 216 idosos com deficit cognitivo foram incluídos nas análises, dos quais 41,7% eram caidores. Análises de regressão multivariada indicaram que a queixa de deficit visual (OR=2,8; p=0,015) e de desequilíbrio corporal (OR=2,7; p=0,004) e a maior quantidade de medicamentos (OR=1,1; p=0,038) associaram-se às quedas. A AUC verificou fraca acurácia da quantidade de medicamentos para rastrear caidores (AUC=0,6 [0,5; 0,7]; p=0,028). CONCLUSÃO: os idosos com deficit cognitivo apresentaram alta frequência de quedas. As queixas de deficit visual, desequilíbrio corporal e polifarmácia foram preditoras de quedas. A rápida investigação desses fatores pode contribuir para a identificação de risco de cair de idosos com deficit cognitivo na prática clínica e em pesquisas. AU

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the frequency of falls and clinical and physical-functional factors associated with falls, and the accuracy of such factors to identify the risk of falling in cognitively impaired older adults. METHOD: a cross-sectional study with cognitively impaired older adults was carried out using the Mini-Mental State Examination. The dependent variable was a history of falls in the previous six months. The independent variables were self-reported mental confusion, hearing and visual impairment, physical fatigue, muscle weakness, dizziness, body imbalance, insecurity when walking, diagnosed depression, hospitalizations, continuous use medications (form from study used), muscle mass (calf circumference) and handgrip strength (dynamometry), functional capacity (Pfeffer) and mobility (SAM-Br). Descriptive statistics were applied. The groups were compared using the Mann Whitney U test, the risk factors were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated for the associated factors. RESULTS: 216 cognitively impaired older adults were included in the analysis, 41.7% of whom were fallers. Multivariate regression analyzes indicated that complaints of visual impairment (OR=2.8; p=0.015) and body imbalance (OR=2.7; p=0.004), and greater medication use (OR=1.1; p=0.038) were associated with a history of falls. The AUC found poor accuracy for quantity of medications as a screening tool for fallers (AUC=0.6 [0.5; 0.7]; p=0.028). CONCLUSION: cognitively impaired older adults had a high frequency of falls. Complaints of visual impairment, body imbalance and polypharmacy were predictors of falls. The early assessment of these factors can contribute to the identification of cognitively-impaired older adults at risk of falling in clinical practice and research. AU

Accuracy of clinical-functional tools to identify risk of falls among community-dwelling older adults / Acurácia de ferramentas clínico-funcionais para identificar risco de quedas em idosos comunitários / Precisión de herramientas clinico-funcionales para identificar riesgo de caídas em ancianos comunitários

Abstract Introduction: The identification of older adults who present greater chances of falling is the first step in the prevention of falls. Clinical instruments have been shown to be able to differentiate fallers from non-fallers, but their predictive validity remains controversial. Objective: To investigate the accuracy of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Quick Screen Clinical Fall Risk Assessment (QuickScreen) instruments to identify risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults. Method: This is a prospective methodological study with 81 older adults (≥ 60 years), assessed at baseline by SPPB and QuickScreen and monitored after one year to identify the occurrence of falls. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: 28.4% of the sample reported falls. QuickScreen presented 52.2% sensitivity, 74.1% specificity, 44.4% PPV, 79.6% NPV and 0.656 AUC. The AUC for SPPB was not significant (p = 0.087). Conclusion: QuickScreen presented poor accuracy when predicting falls and SPPB was unable to identify community-dwelling older adults at risk of falls. The QuickScreen instrument stood out for its high potential to identify true negatives.

Resumo Introdução: A identificação dos idosos com maior chance de cair caracteriza o primeiro passo para a prevenção de quedas. Ferramentas clínicas têm se mostrado capazes de diferenciar idosos caidores de não caidores, porém suas validades preditivas permanecem controversas. Objetivo: Investigar a acurácia das ferramentas Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e Quick Screen Clinical Fall Risk Assessment (QuickScreen) para identificação de risco de quedas em idosos comunitários. Método: Estudo metodológico prospectivo com 81 idosos (≥ 60 anos), avaliados na linha de base por meio da SPPB e da QuickScreen e monitorados após 1 ano para identificação de ocorrência de quedas. Calculou-se a sensibilidade, a especificidade, o valor preditivo positivo (VPP), o valor preditivo negativo (VPN) e a área abaixo da curva ROC (AUC). Resultados: 28,4% dos idosos relataram quedas. O QuickScreen apresentou sensibilidade de 52,2%, especificidade de 74,1%, VPP de 44,4%, VPN de 79,6% e AUC de 0,656. A AUC do SPPB não foi significativa (p = 0,087). Conclusão: A ferramenta QuickScreen apresentou fraca acurácia para prever quedas e o SPPB mostrou-se incapaz de identificar idosos comunitários em risco de cair. A ferramenta QuickScreen destacou-se por seu alto potencial de identificar verdadeiros negativos.

Resumen Introducción: La identificación de los ancianos con mayor probabilidad de caídas caracteriza el primero paso para la prevención de caídas. Las herramientas clínicas se han mostrado capaces de diferenciar a los ancianos que caen de los que no caen, pero sus validez predictiva siguen siendo controvertidas. Objetivo: Investigar la prediccíon de las herramientas Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) y Quick Screen Clinical Fall Risk Assessment (QuickScreen) para identificar el riesgo de caídas en ancianos comunitarios. Método: Estudio metodológico prospectivo con 81 ancianos (≥ 60 años), evaluados en la línea de base por medio de la SPPB y de la QuickScreen y monitoreados después de 1 año para identificación de ocurrencia de caídas. Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo (VPP), el valor predictivo negativo (VPN) y el área debajo de la curva ROC (AUC). Resultados: 28,4% de los ancianos reportaron caídas. QuickScreen presentó una sensibilidad de 52,2%, especificidad de 74,1%, VPP de 44,4%, VPN de 79,6% y AUC de 0,656. El AUC del SPPB no fue significativo (p = 0,087). Conclusión: La herramienta QuickScreen presentó una débil precisión para prever caídas y el SPPB se mostró incapaz de identificar a los ancianos comunitarios en riesgo de caer. La herramienta QuickScreen se destacó por su alto potencial de identificar verdaderos negativos.

Efetividade da Musicoterapia na Redução da Ansiedade de Pacientes Oncológicos: Revisão Sistemática / Effectiveness of Music Therapy in Reducing Anxiety in Cancer Patients: Systematic Review / Efectividad de la Musicoterapia en la Reducción de la Ansiedad en Pacientes con Cáncer: Revisión Sistemática

Introdução: O câncer é uma doença que envolve extenso sofrimento emocional, físico e social, o que favorece o aparecimento de diversas morbidades, incluindo ansiedade. Terapias complementares, como a musicoterapia, têm sido estudadas como alternativas para a abordagem da ansiedade. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente os estudos e determinar a efetividade da musicoterapia na redução da ansiedade de pacientes oncológicos. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada em seis bases de dados incluindo MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane e Web of Science, sem restrição de data, sexo, etnia ou tipos de câncer. Foram incluídos somente ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliaram a ansiedade como um dos desfechos, bem como os que utilizaram a musicoterapia como intervenção e que envolveram amostra com indivíduos adultos diagnosticados com câncer. Foram excluídos os estudos em que a musicoterapia não foi realizada por um profissional especializado, não foi proposto grupo controle, não foi disponibilizado o estudo na integra, associaram pacientes com outras doenças além do câncer e incluíram no grupo experimental outra intervenção além da música. Resultado: Foram encontrados 1.909 estudos, sendo oito elegíveis. A maioria dos estudos demonstrou benefícios da musicoterapia na ansiedade. Conclusão:A musicoterapia é efetiva na redução da ansiedade de pessoas com câncer. No entanto, mais estudos com novas tecnologias e mais detalhes sobre a intervenção são necessários para a confirmação dos resultados.

Introduction: Cancer is a disease that involves extensive emotional, physical and social suffering, which favors the appearance of various morbidities, including anxiety. Complementary therapies, such as music therapy, have been studied as alternatives to an approach to anxiety. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature and determine the effectiveness of music therapy to reduce anxiety of oncologic patients. Method: The research was conducted in six databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science without restriction of date, gender, ethnicity or cancer types. It were included only randomized controlled trials that evaluated anxiety as one of the outcomes, as well as those using music therapy as an intervention, involving a sample with adult individuals diagnosed with cancer. The exclusion criteria were studies where music therapy was not performed by a skilled professional, without control group, studies not fully available, that associated patients with diseases other than cancer and which included in the experimental group another intervention instead of music. Result: A total of 1909 studies were found, of which eight were eligible. The majority of the studies have demonstrated benefits of music therapy for anxiety. Conclusion: Music therapy is effective in reducing the anxiety of people with cancer. However, more studies with new methodologies and further details about the intervention are necessary to confirm the results.

Introducción: El cáncer es una enfermedad que implica extensión emocional, física y social, lo que favorece la aparición de diversas morbilidades, incluida la ansiedad. Las terapias complementarias, como la musicoterapia, se han estudiado como alternativas al enfoque de la ansiedad. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura sobre la efectividad de la musicoterapia para el tratamiento de pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad y cáncer. Método:La investigación se realizó en seis bases de datos, incluyendo MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane y Web of Science, sin restricciones de fecha, género, etnia o tipos de cáncer. Se incluyeron solo ensayos controlados aleatorios de estudios que evaluaron la ansiedad como uno de los resultados, así como el uso de la musicoterapia como una intervención y la participación de una muestra con individuos adultos diagnosticados con cáncer. Los estudios en los que la musicoterapia no fue realizada por un profesional especializado, no se propuso un grupo de control, no se disponía de un estudio completo, se asociaron pacientes con enfermedades distintas al cáncer y se incluyó otra intervención además de la música en el grupo experimental. Resultados: Se encontraron 1.909 estudios, de los cuales ocho fueron elegibles. La mayoría de los estudios han demostrado los beneficios de la musicoterapia en la ansiedad. Conclusión: Esta revisión sistemática concluyó que la musicoterapia es efectiva para reducir la ansiedad de las personas con cáncer. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios con nuevas tecnologías y más detalles sobre la intervención para confirmar los resultados.

Concordância de diferentes critérios de sarcopenia em idosas comunitárias / Concordancia de distintos criterios de sarcopenia en ancianas comunitarias / Concordance of different criteria for sarcopenia in community women of age

RESUMO Determinou-se a frequência e a concordância entre diferentes critérios de sarcopenia em idosas comunitárias. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 64 idosas, no qual determinou-se a massa muscular pela análise de impedância bioelétrica (BIA) e cálculo do índice muscular esquelético, a força muscular foi determinada pelo dinamômetro de preensão palmar, a capacidade funcional pelos testes Timed Up and Go (TUG) e Sit-to-Stand test (STS). Os idosos foram classificados em não sarcopênicos, pré-sarcopênicos, sarcopênicos moderados e graves utilizando diferentes critérios de sarcopenia. Os dados foram analisados utilizando teste qui-quadrado e estatística Kappa. Obteve-se como resultado que 37,5% das idosas apresentaram baixa massa muscular, 34,4%, fraqueza muscular, 3,1% apresentaram incapacidade funcional para levantar e andar e 25,9% para sentar e levantar da cadeira. Considerando apenas a massa muscular, 37,5% da amostra foi classificada como sarcopênica (moderada ou grave) e, considerando os critérios do European Working Groups on Sarcopenia in Older People, 15,6% obteve essa classificação ao avaliar a capacidade funcional com TUG e 22,4% com STS. A concordância entre as definições de sarcopenia variou de moderada a excelente (p<0,001). Entre as idosas com integridade da massa muscular (n=40), 30% apresentaram fraqueza de preensão palmar, 2,5% incapacidade no TUG e 25,7% no STS. Foi concluído que as idosas apresentaram alta frequência de sarcopenia independentemente do critério utilizado. Observou-se moderada a excelente concordância entre os critérios de sarcopenia investigados. A identificação de idosos com integridade da massa muscular coexistindo com fraqueza muscular e incapacidade funcional reforça a importância da avaliação dos três parâmetros no cenário clínico-científico.

RESUMEN Se determinó la frecuencia y la concordancia entre distintos criterios de sarcopenia en ancianas comunitarias. Se trata de un estudio transversal con 64 ancianas, en el cual se determinó la masa muscular por el análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) y cálculo del índice muscular esquelético, la fuerza muscular fue determinada por el dinamómetro de prensión palmar, la capacidad funcional por las pruebas Timed Up and Go (TUG) y Sit-to-Stand test (STS). Los ancianos fueron clasificados en no sarcopénicos, pre-sarcopénicos, sarcopénicos moderados y graves utilizando distintos criterios de sarcopenia. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando prueba chi cuadrada y estadística Kappa. Se obtuvo como resultado que el 37,5% de las ancianas presentaron baja masa muscular, el 34,4%, debilidad muscular, el 3,1% presentaron incapacidad funcional para levantarse y caminar y el 25,9% para sentarse y levantarse de la silla. Considerando solamente la masa muscular, el 37,5% de la muestra fue clasificada como sarcopénica (moderada o grave) y, considerando los criterios del European Working Groups on Sarcopenia in Older People, el 15,6% obtuvo esa clasificación al evaluar la capacidad funcional con TUG y el 22,4% con STS. La concordancia entre las definiciones de sarcopenia varió de moderada a excelente (p<0,001). Entre las ancianas con integridad de la masa muscular (n=40), el 30% presentaron debilidad de prensión palmar, el 2,5% incapacidad en el TUG y el 25,7% en el STS. Fue concluido que las ancianas presentaron alta frecuencia de sarcopenia independientemente del criterio utilizado. Se observó moderada la excelente concordancia entre los criterios de sarcopenia investigados. La identificación de ancianos con integridad de la masa muscular coexistiendo con debilidad muscular e incapacidad funcional refuerza la importancia de la evaluación de los tres parámetros en el escenario clínico-científico.

ABSTRACT The frequency and concordance between different sarcopenia criteria was assessed in community women of age. This is a cross-sectional study with 64 women of age, in which muscle mass was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skeletal muscle index calculation, muscle strength was determined with a handgrip strength dynamometer, functional capacity was determined with the tests Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Sit to Stand test (STS). This older population was classified in sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic, moderate sarcopenic and severe sarcopenic by using different sarcopenia criteria. The data were analyzed with use of Chi-square test and Kappa statistics. The results obtained demonstrated that 37.5% of the women suffered of low muscle mass, 34.4% of muscle weakness, 3.1% of functional impairment to stand and walk and 25.9% to sit and raise from the chair. Considering only muscle mass, 37.5% of the sample was classified as sarcopenic (moderate or severe) and, considering the criteria of the European Working Groups on Sarcopenia in Older People, 15.6% obtained this classification when assessing functional capacity with TUG and 22.4% with STS. Concordance between sarcopenia definitions ranged from moderate to excellent (p<0.001). Among women with muscle mass integrity (n=40), 30% showed low handgrip strength, 2.5% showed impairment in TUG and 25.7% in STS. It was concluded that the women presented high frequency of sarcopenia, regardless of the criteria used. Moderate to excellent concordance was observed between the sarcopenia criteria investigated. Identification of older people with muscle mass integrity coexisting with muscle weakness and functional impairment reinforces the importance of the evaluation of the three parameters in the clinical scientific setting.