Characterization of whitening toothpastes and their effect on the physical properties of bulk-fill composites.

To characterize activated charcoal and 2% hydrogen peroxide-based toothpastes and investigate their effects on roughness, color change, and gloss of bulk-fill composite resin. Composite resin specimens (Aura Bulk Fill, SDI) were subjected to 5,000 brushing cycles with regular toothpaste (Colgate Total 12, [RT]), activated charcoal toothpaste (Bianco Dental Carbon, [AC]), or hydrogen peroxide-containing toothpaste (Colgate Luminous White Advanced, [HP]), with or without coffee exposure. The pH, particle characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and weight% of solid particles in the toothpaste were assessed. Roughness (Ra) was evaluated using a surface profile-measuring device, color change (∆Eab/∆E00) by reflectance spectrophotometer, and gloss unit (GU) by glossmeter. Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Friedman, and Nemenyi tests were used, and the correlation coefficient test was performed between Ra and GU (α=0.05). RT presented a higher Ra after brushing and did not change after staining with coffee; moreover, the ∆Eab/∆E00 values were higher for RT than HP. Regarding gloss, AC and HP obtained higher values compared to RT. A significant negative correlation between gloss and Ra was found for RT exposed to coffee. All toothpastes had a neutral pH; however, RT had the largest percentage of solids by weight. SEM images showed particles of many sizes: irregular shape (RT), more regular particles (AC), and spherical clusters (HP). Although surface roughness, color change, and gloss may compromise the longevity of restorations, the whitening toothpastes tested did not promote more morphology changes than regular toothpastes.

Tooth color change promoted by different whitening toothpastes under alternate cycles of staining and brushing.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of whitening toothpastes with different mechanisms of action on discolored teeth subjected to additional staining/or not. METHODS: One hundred twenty tooth specimens were stained for 14 days (staining broth under constant agitation and pH=7) and then allocated into the groups of toothpastes with different whitening ingredients (n=10): 1. Regular - Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint; 2. CLWI - Colgate Luminous White Instant (blue pigment); 3. CLWA - Colgate Luminous White Advanced Expert (hydrogen peroxide); 4. CLWAC - Colgate Luminous White Activated Charcoal (activated charcoal); 5. OB3D - Oral-B 3D WHITE Brilliant Fresh (abrasive); 6. TW - Teeth Whitening (charcoal powder). Specimens were submitted to two experimental models: A. Daily staining-toothbrush cycling: staining solution (5min), toothbrushing (45 strokes) and artificial saliva (3h), 2x/day, for 5 days; B. Only toothbrushing (30.000 brushing strokes). Color change was determined with a spectrophotometer (CIEDE2000 and Whiteness Index for Dentistry - WID) and statistically analyzed (α=0.05). RESULTS: For both models, ΔE00 and Δa did not differ significantly between the whitening toothpastes and the regular. All groups showed a decrease in tooth yellowness (-Δb) and an increase in WID. Group Teeth Whitening exhibited a decrease in luminosity (-ΔL). In model A, Groups did not differ significantly from the Regular in terms of ΔL (p=0.35) and Δb (p=0.74). Groups CLWI and OB3D exhibited a decrease in luminosity. Reduced redness (-Δa) occurred only in Group CLWI. In Model B, Groups OB3D (p=0.021) and CLWA (p=0.001) exhibited higher change in luminosity than in Group Teeth Whitening. All exhibited increased redness (+Δa) and lightness (+ΔL), except the Regular, CLWAC, and Teeth Whitening. Group OB3D had a significantly higher change in Δb than the Regular (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of the mechanism of action, all toothpastes reduced tooth yellowness and promoted similar overall color change. Exposure of the teeth to additional staining during the toothbrushing cycles did not influence the effect of the whitening toothpastes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Whitening toothpastes should be tested in conditions that more closely simulate their use in a clinical scenario, in which alternate cycles of staining and brushing occur on a daily basis. However, even in such conditions, they were unable to promote a color change that differed from that of a regular toothpaste.

Characterization of whitening toothpastes and their effect on the physical properties of bulk-fill composites

Abstract Objective To characterize activated charcoal and 2% hydrogen peroxide-based toothpastes and investigate their effects on roughness, color change, and gloss of bulk-fill composite resin. Methodology Composite resin specimens (Aura Bulk Fill, SDI) were subjected to 5,000 brushing cycles with regular toothpaste (Colgate Total 12, [RT]), activated charcoal toothpaste (Bianco Dental Carbon, [AC]), or hydrogen peroxide-containing toothpaste (Colgate Luminous White Advanced, [HP]), with or without coffee exposure. The pH, particle characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and weight% of solid particles in the toothpaste were assessed. Roughness (Ra) was evaluated using a surface profile-measuring device, color change (∆Eab/∆E00) by reflectance spectrophotometer, and gloss unit (GU) by glossmeter. Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Friedman, and Nemenyi tests were used, and the correlation coefficient test was performed between Ra and GU (α=0.05). Results RT presented a higher Ra after brushing and did not change after staining with coffee; moreover, the ∆Eab/∆E00 values were higher for RT than HP. Regarding gloss, AC and HP obtained higher values compared to RT. A significant negative correlation between gloss and Ra was found for RT exposed to coffee. All toothpastes had a neutral pH; however, RT had the largest percentage of solids by weight. SEM images showed particles of many sizes: irregular shape (RT), more regular particles (AC), and spherical clusters (HP). Although surface roughness, color change, and gloss may compromise the longevity of restorations, the whitening toothpastes tested did not promote more morphology changes than regular toothpastes.