Expected and perceived burdens in patients receiving mandibular overdentures retained by one or two implants.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess patients' expected burdens before treatment and their perceived burdens after the surgical and prosthodontic procedures of mandibular overdenture treatment and to evaluate factors influencing patients' perceptions. METHODS: Data were collected from 47 participants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing mandibular overdentures retained by one or two implants. A 20-item questionnaire measured on a four-point Likert scale covering the surgical and prosthetic treatment procedures was used to assess the patients' perception of the procedural burdens before (expected burdens) and immediately after (experienced burdens) each procedure. Operators' perceptions of intercurrences associated with the procedures were also assessed as an independent variable. RESULTS: Low levels of perceived burdens were observed both before and after treatment. The mean overall scores of 1.65 ± 0.46 and 1.53 ± 0.33 for expected and experienced burdens, respectively, indicated that most items ranged between "not burdensome at all" and "somewhat burdensome." Significant differences between expected and experienced burdens were found for eight items (P < 0.001). Considering the treatment stages, expected burdens scored higher in the pre-surgical, surgical, and prosthetic stages and lower in the post-surgical phase than experienced burdens. Overall, the experienced burdens were significantly affected by the expected burdens (P < 0.001) and operator's perceived burdens(P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Treatments were associated with low levels of perceived burdens related to surgical and prosthodontic procedures and were highly correlated with the expected burdens before treatment. However, patients tend to overestimate the expected burdens before treatment, especially for surgical procedures.

The second Mexican consensus on hepatocellular carcinoma. Part II: Treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequently manifesting as one of the main complications of cirrhosis of the liver, its principal risk factor. There have been modifications in its incidence over the past decade, related to an epidemiologic transition in the etiology of cirrhosis, with a decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis C and an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a cause, as well as the development of HCC in the non-cirrhotic liver due to NAFLD. Genetic markers associated with the disease have been identified, and surveillance and diagnosis have improved. Regarding treatment, surgical techniques, in both resection and transplantation, have advanced and radiologic techniques, at the curative stage of the disease, have enhanced survival in those patients. And finally, there have been radical changes in the systemic approach, with much more optimistic expectations, when compared with the options available a decade ago. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología decided to carry out the Second Mexican Consensus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma, which is an updated review of the available national and international evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, to offer the Mexican physician current information on the different topics regarding hepatocellular carcinoma. In this second part of the document, the topics related to the treatment of HCC are presented.

Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Bothersome Chronic Tinnitus in Patients with Myofascial Trigger Points

Abstract Introduction Therapeutic dry needling (DN) is effective in reducing the discomfort of chronic somatosensory tinnitus in patients with myofascial trigger points (MTP)s. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of DN in chronic somatosensory tinnitus discomfort in patients with MTP. Methods Placebo-controlled paired trial that included 16 patients with a diagnosis of somatosensory chronic tinnitus and with the presence of at least one active or latent MTP. Treatment was performed in two phases: (1) four sessions (one session per week for four consecutive weeks) of placebo DN and (2) four sessions of therapeutic DN with a gap (washout) of 15 days between these phases. Results The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) variable and its emotional domain had a statistically significant reduction in therapeutic DN when compared with placebo DN (p= 0.024 and p = 0.011, respectively). The tinnitus visual analogic scale (VAS) signaled a reduction in tinnitus discomfort when compared with moments before and after therapeutic DN (p< 0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic DN technique for MTP in patients with chronic tinnitus of somatosensory origin proved effective in reducing symptom discomfort, as measured by the THI (total score) and its emotional domain when compared with placebo DN.

Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Bothersome Chronic Tinnitus in Patients with Myofascial Trigger Points.

Introduction Therapeutic dry needling (DN) is effective in reducing the discomfort of chronic somatosensory tinnitus in patients with myofascial trigger points (MTP)s. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of DN in chronic somatosensory tinnitus discomfort in patients with MTP. Methods Placebo-controlled paired trial that included 16 patients with a diagnosis of somatosensory chronic tinnitus and with the presence of at least one active or latent MTP. Treatment was performed in two phases: (1) four sessions (one session per week for four consecutive weeks) of placebo DN and (2) four sessions of therapeutic DN with a gap (washout) of 15 days between these phases. Results The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) variable and its emotional domain had a statistically significant reduction in therapeutic DN when compared with placebo DN ( p = 0.024 and p = 0.011, respectively). The tinnitus visual analogic scale (VAS) signaled a reduction in tinnitus discomfort when compared with moments before and after therapeutic DN ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic DN technique for MTP in patients with chronic tinnitus of somatosensory origin proved effective in reducing symptom discomfort, as measured by the THI (total score) and its emotional domain when compared with placebo DN.

Rheology of dispersions and emulsions composed of chia mucilage and the application of chia in food.

Chia mucilage (CM) is an emerging resource in food applications. However, the mechanism of this biopolymer as a stabilizer/emulsifier ingredient has not yet been well defined. A non-uniform viscoelastic tridimensional network was observed on emulsions with CM, while the surface activity of the CM ingredient has been associated with its protein content. To understand its functionality in food, this review focused on discussing and summarizing the rheological properties of dispersions and emulsions composed of CM under different conditions, such as pH, temperature, salt content, and mucilage content. For example, emulsions and dispersions with CM showed pseudoplastic behavior. An increase in the CM concentration increased the viscosity and the consistency index and decreased the behavior index. The consistency index of dispersions with CM increased with pH. The future evaluation of emulsions and dispersions properties, such as viscoelastic properties and microstructure, is particularly important for the successful use of CM in the food industry. The principal studies have evaluated the use of CM in dairy and meat systems as an emulsifier, stabilizer, or lipid replacer. The nutritional quality of the products with CM was maintained or improved, but sometimes an undesirable darkening was observed. Future evaluation of the cold extraction method of CM might improve the color and overall sensory acceptability of food products with CM. Integrated chia seed processing, including mucilage, oil, and protein extraction could be carried out to make chia seed industrial processing viable. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

The second Mexican consensus on hepatocellular carcinoma. Part I: Epidemiology and diagnosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequently manifesting as one of the main complications of cirrhosis of the liver, its principal risk factor. There have been modifications in its incidence over the past decade, related to an epidemiologic transition in the etiology of cirrhosis, with a decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis C and an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a cause, as well as the development of HCC in the non-cirrhotic liver due to NAFLD. Genetic markers associated with the disease have been identified, and surveillance and diagnosis have improved. Regarding treatment, surgical techniques, in both resection and transplantation, have advanced and radiologic techniques, at the curative stage of the disease, have enhanced survival in those patients. And finally, there have been radical changes in the systemic approach, with much more optimistic expectations, when compared with the options available a decade ago. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología decided to carry out the Second Mexican Consensus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma, which is an updated review of the available national and international evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, to offer the Mexican physician current information on the different topics regarding hepatocellular carcinoma. In this first part of the document, the topics related to epidemiology and diagnosis are presented.

Multidisciplinary consensus on the criteria for fertility preservation in cancer patients.

Infertility is one of the main sequelae of cancer and its treatment in both children and adults of reproductive age. It is, therefore, essential that oncologists and haematologists provide adequate information about the risk of infertility and the possibilities for its preservation before starting treatment. Although many international clinical guidelines address this issue, this document is the first Spanish multidisciplinary guideline in paediatric and adult oncological patients. Experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Fertility Society, the Spanish Society of Haematology and Haemotherapy, the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology have collaborated to develop a multidisciplinary consensus.

Utilizing tamarind residues in the São Francisco valley: food and nutritional potential / Aproveitamento dos resíduos do tamarindo no vale do São Francisco: potencial alimentar e nutricional

This performed a technical application of tamarind residues (peel and seeds) in a habitually-consumed food product (cookie) and to verify its sensory and market acceptance. We initially proceeded by preparing the peel flour and roasted seeds by conventional drying. Then, the flours were physico-chemically characterized. Next, the products were prepared; cookies were prepared replacing wheat flour with peel flour (PF0, 15 and 30%), and a second kind of cookie was made by replacing wheat flour with roasted seed flour (SF0, 15 and 30%). Affective tests (hedonic scale, attitude and ordering) and purchase intention were subsequently evaluated to verify sensory acceptability. All cookies generated high energy value. The fiber content was higher in the incorporated formulations compared to the standards. The highest sensorial acceptance mediansfor the peel flour cookies were for the standard cookie and the cookiewith 15% peel flour, which were statistically equivalent. Conversely, the cookie with 30% peel flour had lower medians compared to the others. Other tests also revealed better scores for standard formulations and 15%peel flour. There was no difference in the medians by the hedonic tests, attitude and purchase intentionfor cookies prepared with roasted seeds, presenting scores indicating high sensory and market appreciation. It is concluded that it is possible to incorporate tamarind peel flour and roasted seeds in cookies and add nutritional value, especially at a concentration of 15%.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a aplicação técnica dos resíduos do tamarindo (casca e sementes) em um produto alimentar de consumo habitual (cookie) e verificar sua aceitação sensorial e de mercado. Inicialmente, procedeu-se a elaboração da farinha da casca e semente torrefada por meio de secagem convencional. Em seguida foi realizada a caracterização físico-química das farinhas. Posteriormente, procedeu-se a elaboração dos produtos: cookies com substituição da farinha de trigo pela farinha da casca (0, 15 e 30%) e cookies com substituição da farinha de trigo pela farinha da semente torrefada (0, 15 e 30%). Para verificar a aceitabilidade sensorial foram utilizados testes afetivos (escala hedônica, de atitude e ordenação) e de intenção de compra. Todos os cookies apresentaram alto valor energético. O teor de fibra foi maior nas formulações incorporadas em relação aos padrões. Sensorialmente, para os cookies da casca, as maiores medianas de aceitação foram para o padrão e aquele com 15% de farinha da casca, equivalentes estatisticamente. Enquanto o cookie com 30% teve menores medianas em comparação aos demais. Demais testes, também revelaram melhores notas para formulações padrão e com 15% de farinha da casca. Para os cookies com semente torrefada, não houve diferença nas medianas pelos testes hedônicos, atitude e intenção de compra, com notas indicando alto apreço sensorial e de mercado. Conclui-se que é possível incorporar farinha da casca e semente torrefada do tamarindo em cookies e agregar valor nutricional, especialmente na concentração de 15%.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease responsible for 60-70% of the 50 million cases of dementia worldwide. It is characterized by neuronal cell death, shrinkage of brain tissue, and progressive cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairment, which often leads to death. Although current treatment has helped improve the patient's quality of life, it has not been able to alter the underlying disease pathology of AD. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-a group of multipotent stem cells-have the ability to stimulate neuroregeneration and inhibit disease progression. More recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cytokine-preconditioned MSCs have also shown to induce immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in AD models. This review will aim to compile pertinent preclinical AD research on transgenic mice as well as clinical trials on MSC-based therapy from diverse sources.

Numerical Assessment of a Safety System to Minimize Injuries during a Cyclist Run-Over.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization has reported that 1.35 million people die on the roads every year due to road traffic accidents. This paper focuses on exploring a passive safety system that reduces lesions in the overtaking run-over scenario. METHODS: Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Combined Thoracic Index (CTI) were evaluated through numerical simulations using LS-Dyna®; in order to compare the computed results, three different speed scenarios were carried out (velocity of running over 40, 50, 60 km/h). RESULTS: The computed results were divided into groups, A for the run-over test without a passive security system and B for the run-over test with a passive security system. For case A.1, the HIC15 was 3325. For case A.2, the HIC15 was 1510, and for case A.3, the HIC 15 was 1208. For case B.1, the HIC15 2605, for case B.2, the HIC15 was 1282, and for case B.3, the HIC was 730. CONCLUSION: The comparative results show that the passive safety system installed on the bicycle has an increased benefit impact on the severity of the injury on vulnerable road users, decreasing the probability of cranioencephalic lesions in all study cases. In addition, the thorax injuries are cut down only in the impact scenario at a speed of 40 km/h.

Synthesis, optical and thermoluminescence properties of thulium-doped KMgF3 fluoroperovskite.

KMgF3 fluoroperovskite doped with thulium at different concentrations were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The phase composition and the thermal stability up to 600 °C of the polycrystals were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The KMgF3 at 1.0 mol% of Tm polycrystals showed the best thermal stability and did not present another phase. The gamma radiation (0.1-10 kGy) effect in thulium-doped KMgF3 produced the F color centers, and their aggregates such as F2, and F3 centers. The F centers, and the potassium vacancies (VK-) in the fluoroperosvkites were analyzed by the optical absorption and emission measurements. Optical absorption at 275 nm and 443 nm were assigned to F and F2, respectively, in undoped KMgF3. Tm-doped fluoroperovskite shows the optical absorption bands at 277, 393, 432, and 577 nm, which were ascribed to the F, F3, F2 and VK- centers, respectively. When the F band for undoped polycrystals was excited at 275 nm, a clear emission associated with F2 and F3 centers was observed. In the case of Tm-doped, an enhancement of the blue emission at 457 nm occurred and a UV band (354 nm) was observed upon exciting the F band. The blue emission of thulium was overlapped with the F3 color center band. The emission bands at 457 and 354 nm were ascribed to 1D2 - 3F4 and 1D2 - 3H6 transitions of Tm in KMgF3. The optical absorption and glow curves were investigated too. The glow curves were assisted by the color centers, vacancies, and thulium impurity. Thermal bleaching shows that the F center was the main participant to give rise to the TL intensity of the glow curves. Thulium acts as a deep electron trap in the bandgap of the KMgF3 fluoroperovskites forming TL peak at the higher temperature, from 430 to 408 °C. The absorption, emission, and thermoluminescence glow peaks of the undoped and Tm-doped KMgF3 were compared.

Saving time in the radiotherapy procedures for COVID-19 pneumonia treatment. A single-institution experience.

BACKGROUND: The use of low dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia is supported by biological rationale for its immunomodulatory effect. Some institutions have started to treat these patients showing encouraging results. To shorten procedure times is crucial for the comfort of symptomatic patients receiving respiratory support and to optimize institutional facilities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: At our institution, LD-RT is offered to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and signs of early cytokine-released syndrome on behalf of a multicenter study. We designed a coordinated process flow starting from the patient transfer to the simulation CT-scan (first-step), to the end of the LD-RT treatment (last step). The times spent on each step of the process flow were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean age of treated patients was 83 (72-91) years-old. The timing parameters of the first 10 consecutive patients were analyzed. Except for the first (dummy run), patients were managed from the first to the last step in a median of 38 min (25-58, SD 10.67). The most time-consuming sub-process was the contouring of the treatment volumes and dosimetry. CONCLUSIONS: LD-RT is not only an encouraging option for COVID-19 pneumonia patients, but a convenient and feasible procedure if performed in a coordinated way by reducing procedure times.

Seguridad del paciente: percepción de estudiantes de una universidad pública / Patient safety: Perceptions of students in a public university / Segurança do paciente: percepção de estudantes de uma universidade pública

RESUMEN Introducción: La seguridad del paciente es una prioridad mundial para los sistemas de salud. Las instituciones educativas formadoras de recursos humanos deben incluir la temática en su currículo. Objetivo: Identificar la percepción sobre la seguridad del paciente en los estudiantes de licenciatura en enfermería. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Población total de 516 alumnos de licenciatura en enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México. Se utilizó el cuestionario APQS-III y se diseñó una cédula con variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes son mujeres, edad promedio: 20 años. La mitad de los alumnos no tiene cursos que avalen sus conocimientos sobre seguridad del paciente. En la dimensión entrenamiento recibido, 63.5 % concuerda que la formación de pregrado los capacita para entender las causas de un evento adverso por enfermería, los habilita para prevenir errores y desarrollar una adecuada comprensión en materia de seguridad. 50.3 % está totalmente de acuerdo en la dimensión confianza en el reporte del error y es semejante la proporción en la dimensión horas de trabajo como causas de error. Discusión: La identificación positiva de la percepción que se tiene acerca de la seguridad del paciente por parte de los estudiantes, favorece desde el pregrado la creación de una cultura de seguridad que fomenta la confianza y el interés de estos para desarrollar un enfoque integrado en el tema estudiado. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes en su mayoría refieren actitudes positivas confiados en que su entrenamiento sobre seguridad los prepara para entender y prevenir las causas de errores en seguridad del paciente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patient safety is a priority of health systems worldwide and therefore, the education institutions responsible for the formation of human resources for health must address this goal in detail. Objective: To identify the perceptions of baccalaureate nursing students regarding patient safety. Methodology: This is a descriptive and transversal study on 516 baccalaureates in nursing students from the Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Mexico. The APQS-III and a specific social-demographic data questionnaire were used. Results: The majority of the participants were female. The average age was 20 years old. Nearly half of the students do not have enough courses to strengthen their knowledge on patient safety. Regarding the training received, 63.5 % of the participants agree that the baccalaureate level formation prepares them to understand the causes of adverse events in nursing, to prevent errors, and to have an adequate understanding of security. 50.3 % of the participants approved the dimension's confidence approach regarding error reporting. Many participants considered that the excessive long hours working dimension is a cause of errors. Discussion: The perception of patient safety as being very important favors and further promotes a culture of security. Conclusions: The majority of the students trust their training regarding patient safety and know how to prevent possible causes of errors.

RESUMO Introdução: A segurança do paciente é uma prioridade mundial para os sistemas de saúde. As instituições educacionais formadoras de recursos humanos devem incluir a temática em seu currículo. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção sobre a segurança do paciente nos estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e transversal. População total de 516 alunos de graduação em enfermagem da Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México. Foi utilizado o questionário APQS-III e realizou-se um questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes são mulheres, idade média: 20 anos. Metade dos estudantes não tem cursos que avaliem seus conhecimentos sobre segurança do paciente. Na dimensão do treinamento recebido, 63,5 % concordam que a formação de graduação os treina para entender as causas de um evento de enfermagem adverso, lhes permite prevenir erros e desenvolver uma compreensão adequada da segurança. 50,3 % concordam fortemente sobre a dimensão de confiança no relatório dos erros e a proporção e da mesma forma sobre a dimensão das horas de trabalho como causa dos erros. Discussão: A identificação positiva da percepção que se tem sobre a segurança do paciente por parte dos alunos, favorece desde a graduação a criação de uma cultura de segurança que fomente a confiança e o interesse destes em desenvolver uma abordagem integrada na o assunto estudado. Conclusões: A maioria dos alunos relata atitudes positivas, confiantes de que seu treinamento em segurança os prepara para compreender e prevenir as causas dos erros na segurança do paciente.

Role of adjuvant radiotherapy in atypical (WHO grade II) and anaplastic (WHO grade III) meningiomas: a systematic review.

The systematic adoption of the histopathologic criteria provided by the 2016 update of the WHO classification of brain tumors has markedly increased the relative proportion of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. These tumors exhibit a much greater recurrence rate compared to benign meningiomas, which negatively impacts survival. In recent years, the publication of numerous retrospective case series, yet no randomized controlled trials, on the impact of radiation therapy in non-benign meningioma, has yielded conflicting evidence. At present, maximum safe resection, including the dural attachment, is the preferred primary treatment modality for all types of meningiomas. Adjuvant radiotherapy is currently recommended for subtotally resected grade II and for all grade III meningiomas. However, in grade II meningiomas achieving complete resection, close radiologic and clinical observation is a feasible option. Despite the great amount of non-benign meningiomas available and eligible for trials, there is a striking lack of prospective studies testing adjuvant therapies against observation for this subset of patients. An updated and systematic literature review is provided on the effectiveness and indications of radiotherapy on grade II and III meningiomas.

Elevated plus-maze and the hole board test for use as a quality control assay of herbal medicines based on passiflora incarnata linnaeus / Teste do labirinto em cruz elevado e campo vazado para o uso como ensaios de controle de qualidade de medicamentos fitoterápicos a base de passiflora incarnata linnaeus

In the search for the reduction of the side effects caused by allopathy, phytotherapeutic products are already on the veterinary market. This study aimed was to evaluate Elevated Plus-Maze and Hole Board test as an analytical methodology for quality control of anxiolytic medicines based on Passiflora incarnata. The efficacy of three brands commercial differents of Passiflora incarnata extracts was tested in the Elevated Plus-maze (for anxiolytic effect) and the Hole Board test (for locomotor and neophilia activity) in Wistar rats. Treatment with the P. incarnata brands revealed a significant 3-fold increase in the length of stay in the open arms in the LCE. In the ambulation, animals from bands 1 and 3 presented a significant increase, being brand 2 the only one that did not present this relevance. In the neophilia, Passiflora brand 1 presented a significant increase of 3 times and groups 2 and 3 an increase of approximately 2 times. The results showed that different brands of Passiflora have a satisfactory quality standard related to biological activity and showed that the use of Elevated plus-maze/Hole board test can be an effective tool in the quality control of herbal medicines with anxiolytic activity associated with the phytochemical analysis.

Na busca pela redução dos efeitos colaterais causados pela alopatia, os fitoterápicos já se encontram disponíveis no mercado veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os testes neurocomportamentais Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Vazado como metodologias analíticas para o controle de qualidade de medicamentos ansiolíticos a base de Passiflora incarnata. A eficácia de três diferentes marcas comerciais de extrato de Passiflora incarnata foi testada no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (para efeitos ansiolíticos) e no Campo Vazado (para atividade locomotora e busca por novidade) em ratos Wistar. O tratamento com as marcas de P. incarnata demonstrou aumento significativo de 3 vezes no tempo de permanência nos braços abertos no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado. Na deambulação, animais das marcas 1 e 3 apresentaram aumento significativo, sendo a marca 2 a única que não apresentou relevância para este parâmetro. Na neofilia, a marca 1 de Passiflora apresentou aumento significativo de 3 vezes e as marcas 2 e 3 aumento de aproximadamente 2 vezes. Os resultados mostraram que diferentes marcas de Passiflora apresentam um padrão de qualidade satisfatório relacionado à atividade biológica e mostraram que a utilização dos testes Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Vazado podem ser ferramentas eficazes no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos com atividade ansiolítica associadas à análises fitoquímicas.

Homeostase glicêmica e marcadores antropométricos associados à resistência insulínica em pacientes portadores de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica / Glycemic homeostasis and anthropometric markers associated with insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objetivo: Determinar medidas antropométricas preditivas associadas à resistência à insulina em pacientes portadores de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado em dois centros ambulatoriais de Recife-PE. O público foi formado por indivíduos de ambos os sexos, acima de 18 anos, com diagnóstico de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica via ecografia abdominal. As variáveis antropométricas coletadas foram: circunferência da cintura, índice de massa corporal, índice de conicidade, razão cintura-quadril e cintura-estatura. A resistência à insulina foi determinada através do Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Para entender as diferenças entre as variáveis, o teste de U Mann-Whitney e testes de correlação foram realizados. Resultados: Participaram 75 indivíduos com predominância do sexo feminino (85%) e com idade superior a 60 anos (44%). A resistência à insulina foi elevada na população, perfazendo mais da metade dos indivíduos (73%). Com exceção do índice de massa corporal e da razão cintura-quadril, demais índices apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença da resistência à insulina com a esteatose hepática não alcoólica: razão cintura-estatura (p=0,004), índice de conicidade (p=0,031) e circunferência da cintura (p=0,001). No teste de correlação, apenas a circunferência da cintura (r =0,2184; p=0,05) e a razão cintura-quadril (r =0,2310; p=0,04) associaram-se. Conclusões: Os indicadores antropométricos são ferramentas aplicáveis na prática clínica e no contexto de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica; contudo, a circunferência da cintura e as razões cintura-estatura e cintura-quadril apresentaram as melhores predições. (AU)

Objective: To determine predictive anthropometric measurements associated with insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted at two outpatient clinics in Recife-PE. The study group was formed by individuals of both sexes over 18 years of age with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed via abdominal echography. The anthropometric variables collected were: waist circumference, body mass index, conicity index, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio. Insulin resistance was determined through the homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The Mann­Whitney U test and correlation tests were performed to understand the differences between the variables. Results: 75 individuals participated in the study, most of whom were female (85%) and with age over 60 years (44%). Insulin resistance was high in the population, being present in more than half of the individuals (73%). Except for the body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, all other indices showed a significant association between the presence of insulin resistance and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis: waist-to-height ratio (p= 0.004), conicity index (p= 0.031), and waist circumference (p= 0.001). In the correlation test, only the waist circumference (r= 0.2184; p= 0.05) and the waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.2310; p= 0.04) were associated. Conclusions: The anthropometric indicators are applicable tools in clinical practice and in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; however, waist circumference and the waist-to-height and waist-to-hip ratios provided the best predictions. (AU)

Elevated plus-maze and the hole board test for use as a quality control assay of herbal medicines based on passiflora incarnata linnaeus / Teste do labirinto em cruz elevado e campo vazado para o uso como ensaios de controle de qualidade de medicamentos fitoterápicos a base de passiflora incarnata linnaeus

In the search for the reduction of the side effects caused by allopathy, phytotherapeutic products are already on the veterinary market. This study aimed was to evaluate Elevated Plus-Maze and Hole Board test as an analytical methodology for quality control of anxiolytic medicines based on Passiflora incarnata. The efficacy of three brands commercial differents of Passiflora incarnata extracts was tested in the Elevated Plus-maze (for anxiolytic effect) and the Hole Board test (for locomotor and neophilia activity) in Wistar rats. Treatment with the P. incarnata brands revealed a significant 3-fold increase in the length of stay in the open arms in the LCE. In the ambulation, animals from bands 1 and 3 presented a significant increase, being brand 2 the only one that did not present this relevance. In the neophilia, Passiflora brand 1 presented a significant increase of 3 times and groups 2 and 3 an increase of approximately 2 times. The results showed that different brands of Passiflora have a satisfactory quality standard related to biological activity and showed that the use of Elevated plus-maze/Hole board test can be an effective tool in the quality control of herbal medicines with anxiolytic activity associated with the phytochemical analysis.(AU)

Na busca pela redução dos efeitos colaterais causados pela alopatia, os fitoterápicos já se encontram disponíveis no mercado veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os testes neurocomportamentais Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Vazado como metodologias analíticas para o controle de qualidade de medicamentos ansiolíticos a base de Passiflora incarnata. A eficácia de três diferentes marcas comerciais de extrato de Passiflora incarnata foi testada no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (para efeitos ansiolíticos) e no Campo Vazado (para atividade locomotora e busca por novidade) em ratos Wistar. O tratamento com as marcas de P. incarnata demonstrou aumento significativo de 3 vezes no tempo de permanência nos braços abertos no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado. Na deambulação, animais das marcas 1 e 3 apresentaram aumento significativo, sendo a marca 2 a única que não apresentou relevância para este parâmetro. Na neofilia, a marca 1 de Passiflora apresentou aumento significativo de 3 vezes e as marcas 2 e 3 aumento de aproximadamente 2 vezes. Os resultados mostraram que diferentes marcas de Passiflora apresentam um padrão de qualidade satisfatório relacionado à atividade biológica e mostraram que a utilização dos testes Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Vazado podem ser ferramentas eficazes no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos com atividade ansiolítica associadas à análises fitoquímicas.(AU)

Antifungal susceptibility of oral isolates of Candida species from chronic kidney disease patients on chronic dialysis.

Chronic renal disease patients under chronic dialysis (CRDD) have a multifactorial immunological deterioration with an increased risk of Candida infections. Incidence of Candida infections is increasing. Choice of suitable antifungal agents is limited due to the resistance of some species to several antifungals. Aim of the present study was to identify the distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral isolated Candida species from infected and colonized patients, as well as to investigate the risk factors for oral infection in patients on dialysis. Cross-sectional study, approved by the institutional bioethics committees was performed in CRDD patients. Demographic, clinic data, and oral mucosa samples were obtained. Infection diagnosis was established clinically and confirmed with exfoliative cytology, each sample was plated on CHROMagar Candida and incubated at 36°C for 2 days. Yeast species were identified by carbohydrate assimilation ID 32C AUX system and the apiweb database. For the antifungal susceptibility test, the M44 A-3 method (CLSI) using fluconazole (FCZ), miconazole (MCZ), nystatin (NYS), and voriconazole (VCZ). Study included 119 participants, the main cause of CRD was nephropathy due to DM2 (58%), and three-fourths of the patients were under hemodialysis. Candida prevalence was 56.3% of 67 colonized or infected patients, 88 isolates were obtained. Principal identified species were C. albicans (51.1%), C. glabrata (25%), and C. tropicalis (14.8%). C. glabrata showed a reduced response to FCZ in 50% of isolates and C. albicans had a reduced response in 16% of the isolates. Antifungal agent with the least efficacious response or with the lowest susceptibility in the isolates of these patients was MCZ, followed by VCZ and FCZ, whereas NYS induced the best antifungal response.