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1.
Sanid. mil ; 70(4): 293-306, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-131782

ABSTRACT

La alimentación de los ejércitos ha sido tradicionalmente un problema bastante complejo, que ha estado en función de dos aspectos fundamentales, la capacidad económica del que lo financiaba, reyes, haciendas o estados, y la posibilidad de conseguir alimentos. Por otra parte, el valor alimenticio de aquellos «ranchos militares» dejaba mucho que desear, frecuentemente por falta de principios inmediatos y por carencias vitamínicas, ya que se trataba de raciones con muy poca carne y carentes de productos frescos, lo que daba lugar a enfermedades carenciales y a la falta de condiciones físicas entre los militares. De todas formas, la preocupación por una adecuada alimentación de los ejércitos también viene de lejos, habiendo dado lugar a la publicación de infinidad de libros y normas, hasta llegar a los verdaderos tratados de alimentación con carácter científico publicados a partir de finales del siglo XIX. El soldado del Ejército español ha padecido carencias alimentarias tanto en las colonias como en la península, debido siempre a la precariedad de recursos. Su alimentación fue mejorando cuando el país remontó las privaciones derivadas de la Guerra Civil a partir de los años sesenta del siglo pasado, siendo una verdadera novedad la introducción de las «raciones de previsión» en los años noventa, que no solo facilitó la alimentación en ejercicios y maniobras en territorio nacional sino la de los contingentes destacados en las diferentes misiones en el extranjero


The nutrition of the armies has traditionally been a fairly complex problem that has been based on two fundamental aspects, the economic capacity of those who were financing it (kings, the Inland Revenues or states), and the possibility of obtaining food. On the other hand, the nutritional value of those «military single-course meals» was leaving much to be desired, usually for the lack of immediate principles and vitamin deficiencies as the portions had very little meat and were lacking fresh products, what gave rise to deficiency diseases and the lack of physical condition among soldiers. Anyway, the concern for a proper nutrition of the armies reaches far back into the past, having led to the publication of countless books and standards all the way up to the real treaties of scientific character, published since the beginning of the 19th century. Soldiers of the Spanish army have suffered from food shortages both in the colonies and in the peninsula, always due to the resources instability. Their nutrition was improved when the country mended the losses arising from the Civil war in the decade of 1960, being a real novelty the introduction of «forecast rations» in the 1990s, which not only provided food in exercises and maneuvers in national territory, but also for the troops stationed in the different missions abroad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Feeding Methods/ethics , Feeding Methods/instrumentation , Military Personnel/education , Military Personnel/psychology , Feeding Methods/classification , Feeding Methods/economics , Feeding Methods , Military Personnel/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 19th Century , Spain/ethnology
2.
Int J Health Sci (Qassim) ; 7(1): 91-100, 2013 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23559909

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the treatment of choice for ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) if performed within 90 minutes from first medical contact. However, primary PCI is only available for less than 25% of patients with STEMI. Early PCI or Pharmaco-invasive strategy has evolved from facilitated PCI but with more delayed timing from thrombolysis to PCI. AIM: Assess the safety and effectiveness of Early PCI. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We reviewed the data of the available therapy options for patients with STEMI. Then we performed a meta-analysis for all randomized controlled trials of early PCI versus standard therapy. RESULTS: Five studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed improved cardiovascular events with early PCI compared to standard therapy (odd ratio of 0.54; 95% Confidence interval 0.47-0.7, p<0.001). There were no significant bleeding complications when doing early PCI 4 to 24 hours after successful thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: Early PCI should be done to all STEMI patients within 24 hours after successful thrombolysis.

3.
Sanid. mil ; 67(supl.1): 252-262, jul. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-92101

ABSTRACT

El Ejército de Tierra tiene un acuartelamiento en Candanchú, en el último tramo del puerto de Somport, construido para la Escuela Militar de Montaña a mediados de los años cuarenta del siglo XX. Posteriormente, en 1979 el Ministerio de Defensa compró a Montañeros de Aragón el refugio de Santa Cristina, quedando incorporado al acuartelamiento. Desde ese momento el refugio pasó a desempeñar funciones sanitarias, al alojar al Servicio Médico de la Escuela, que tuvo que ser clausurado por problemas estructurales en 2011. El puerto de Somport tiene una larga historia hospitalaria que se remonta al siglo XI, cuando se construyó el Hospital de Santa Cristina, dedicado a socorrer a los peregrinos que cruzaban los Pirineos, manteniendo su actividad hasta el año 1835, que fue clausurado. Esta tradición de ayuda a los que se desplazaban a la montaña la recuperó Montañeros de Aragón al construir en 1931 su refugio en las inmediaciones de las ruinas del mencionado hospital, misión que heredó el Ejército al adquirir el edificio y mantener en él su función humanitaria mediante el Cuerpo Militar de Sanidad, que lo ha utilizado durante treinta años (AU)


The Army Barracks in Candanchú, in the last stretch of the Somport pass, was built as Mountain Military School in the middle forties of the last century. Later, in 1979, the Ministry of Defense bought the refuge of St. Christine from the mountain club «Montañeros de Aragón» andincorporated it to the barracks. From that moment the refuge performed a medical function accommodating the School Medical Service, which was closed in 2011 due to structural problems. The Somport pass has a long history of hospitality going back to the 11th century, when St. Christine hospital was founded in order to help the pilgrims who crossed the Pyrenees and operated until its closure in 1835. This tradition of help to the mountaineers was recovered by «Montañeros de Aragón», building the refuge in 1931 near the ruins of the former hospital, and continued by the Army on acquiring the building and keeping this humanitarian activity through its Medical Service for thirty years (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Military/history , Military Medicine/history , 51708/history , 35073 , Shelter
4.
Nefrologia ; 31(2): 185-91, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21461012

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Decreased levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) have been reported in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pleiotropic effects of vitamin D are known to go beyond mineral metabolism. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to: 1) Determine the 25(OH)D levels in predialysis outpatients. 2) Find out the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with 25(OH)D deficiency, and predictive factors for the deficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational study in 79 predialysis outpatients was performed. Clinical and biochemical parameters were analysed in terms of nutrition, inflammation and mineral metabolism in relation to serum levels of 25(OH)D. Levels of 25(OH)D lower than 15ng/ml were considered to be deficient. RESULTS: Serum levels of 25(OH)D were deficient in 41 patients (52%). The comparative study regarding levels of vitamin 25(OH)D showed the group of patients with a deficiency, i.e. those with less than 15ng/ml, were older (70 ± 11.97 vs. 61 ± 14.5; p = 0.005), had a greater body mass index, BMI, (30±4.06 vs. 27.1 ± 5.08; p = 0.003) and increased proteinuria (1.42g/24h (0.53-2.96) vs. 0.51 (0.20-1.48), p = 0.009). This group included a greater number of diabetic patients: 20 (76.9%) vs. 6 (23%), p = 0.002. They had a higher level of parathyroid hormone (PTH): 359 (239-658) vs. 233 (129-323), p = 0.000; and more patients were under treatment with Calcitriol: 28 (62.2%) vs. 17 (37.8%), p = 0.024. In the multivariate analysis, high levels of PTH (OR 13.38; CI 95% [2.94-60.89]; p=0.001), increased proteinuria (OR 4.41; CI 95% [1.12-17.25]; p = 0.033); and being diabetic (OR 5.713; CI 95% [1.43-22.77]; p = 0.014) were independent predictor factors for patients with 25(OH)D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we observed a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency among patients with CKD. The increased levels of PTH, the increase of proteinuria and the presence of diabetes were independent predictors for 25(OH)D deficiency.


Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Calcitriol/therapeutic use , Chelation Therapy , Comorbidity , Diabetic Nephropathies/blood , Diabetic Nephropathies/urine , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Inflammation/blood , Inflammation/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/drug therapy , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/urine , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/blood , Obesity/epidemiology , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Proteinuria/blood , Proteinuria/epidemiology , Vitamin D/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
5.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 31(2): 185-191, abr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-103175

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se ha descrito una disminución de los niveles de 25 hidroxivitamina D (25[OH]D) en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Conocemos que el efecto pleiotrópico de la vitamina D va más allá del metabolismo mineral. Objetivos: Los objetivos del estudio fueron: 1) determinar los niveles de 25(OH) D en pacientes con ERC seguidos en consulta de prediálisis, y 2) analizar características clínicas y bioquímicas de los pacientes con respecto a los niveles de 25(OH)D y los posibles factores predictivos de la deficiencia en 25(OH)D. Pacientes y métodos: Realizamos un estudio observacional en 79 pacientes con ERC. Analizamos datos clínicos y parámetros bioquímicos en cuanto a nutrición, inflamación y metabolismo mineral en relación con los niveles de 25(..) (AU)


Introduction: Decreased levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) have been reported in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pleiotropic effects of vitamin D are known to go beyond mineral metabolism. Objetives: The aims of this study were to: 1) Determine the 25(OH)D levels in predialysis outpatients. 2) Find out the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with 25(OH)D deficiency, and predictive factors for the deficiency. Patients and methods: An observational study in 79 predialysis outpatients was performed. Clinical and biochemical parameters were analysed in terms of nutrition, inflammation and mineral metabolism in relation to serum levels of 25(OH)D. Levels of 25(OH)D lower than 15ng/ml were considered to be deficient. Results: Serum levels of 25(OH)D were deficient in 41 patients (52%). The comparative study regarding levels of vitamin 25(OH)D showed the group of patients with a deficiency, i.e. those with less than 15ng/ml, were older (70 ± 11.97 vs. 61 ± 14.5; p = 0.005), had a greater body mass index, BMI, (30±4.06 vs. 27.1 ± 5.08; p = 0.003) and increased proteinuria (1.42g/24h (..) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Calcifediol/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Proteinuria/epidemiology , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Risk Factors
6.
Clin Nephrol ; 75(4): 328-35, 2011 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21426887

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive condition causing excessive intestinal iron absorption related to C282Y hemochromatosis mutation gene. Dialysis patients receive intravenous iron supplements as treatment for anemia. The gene mutation frequency and its influence on iron deposits and intravenous iron response are unknown in these patients. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 290 dialysis patients in Gran Canaria, Spain. OUTCOMES AND MEASUREMENTS: The C282Y hemochromatosis mutation gene was studied. Other active players in iron metabolism have not been included in this study. Red cell parameters, serum iron, transferrin and ferritin concentrations were measured every 2 months for 2 years. RESULTS: No differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies between dialysis patients and the general population were detected. Baseline clinical or analytical parameters were similar in C282Y +/- and C282Y -/- patients. Among those who did not need intravenous iron treatment, C282Y+/- patients maintained constant serum ferritin (302.1 ± 216.7 vs. 319.5 ± 300.5 µg/l after 4 months), whereas C282Y-/- patients showed decreased levels during the same period (306.7 ± 212.2 vs. 221.6 ± 167.8 µg/l, p < 0.001). After 4 months of parenteral iron, serum ferritin increased more intensely in C282Y +/- patients than in C282Y -/- patients (934.2 ± 195.8 vs. 658.7 ± 259.9 µg/l, p < 0.001). A multivariance analysis identified the C282Y allele as the most important factor that explains this difference. CONCLUSIONS: Heterozygosity for the C282Y allele of the hemochromatosis mutation gene could be associated with differences in iron parameters in dialysis patients.


Subject(s)
Hemochromatosis/genetics , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics , Iron/blood , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Mutation, Missense , Renal Dialysis , Alleles , Analysis of Variance , Antigens, Surface/genetics , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Genotype , Hemochromatosis/blood , Hemochromatosis/drug therapy , Hemochromatosis Protein , Humans , Iron/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Statistics, Nonparametric
7.
Mediciego ; 15(supl.2)oct. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-547942

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio experimental de intervención comunitaria con pre y postprueba en el Policlínico Universitario Área Norte de Ciego de Ávila, de Enero de 2007 a Enero de 2008 con el objetivo de determinar la utilidad de una intervención educativa para elevar el nivel de conocimientos sobre asma bronquial en familiares o tutores de pacientes asmáticos en edad pediátrica. Se obtuvo una muestra significativa por muestreo aleatorio simple, la cual se dividió en un grupo control y un grupo experimental. Se aplicó un cuestionario a las madres o tutores de los niños en ambos grupos, se diseñó un programa de intervención educativa que se impartió al grupo experimental, se aplicó el cuestionario a ambos grupos con un intervalo de 6 meses. Se concluye que en el grupo experimental mejoraron los conocimientos de manera significativa, se demostró además la utilidad de este programa de intervención para elevar los conocimientos sobre asma bronquial en la familia de los niños asmáticos, en la Atención Primaria de Salud.


An experimental study of community intervention was carried out in the North Policlinic of Ciego de Ávila Province, from January 2007 to January 2008 with pre and post- test aim at determining the utility of an educative intervention so as to widen the knowledge of family members or legal guardians on bronchial asthma in asthmatic patients of pediatric age. An outstanding sample was obtained by means of a simple random sampling, which was divided into experimental and control groups. A questionnaire was applied to mothers or legal guardians in both groups; an educative intervention program was designed, which was given to the experimental group. The questionnaire was conducted to both groups with a 6-month interval. It was then concluded that knowledge considerably increased in the experimental group. The usefulness of this intervention program in Primary Health Care to widen the knowledge of the family members of asthmatic children on bronchial asthma was also demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/prevention & control , Clinical Trial
8.
Mediciego ; 15(supl.2)oct. 21, 2009.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-41483

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio experimental de intervención comunitaria con pre y postprueba en el Policlínico Universitario Área Norte de Ciego de Ávila, de Enero de 2007 a Enero de 2008 con el objetivo de determinar la utilidad de una intervención educativa para elevar el nivel de conocimientos sobre asma bronquial en familiares o tutores de pacientes asmáticos en edad pediátrica. Se obtuvo una muestra significativa por muestreo aleatorio simple, la cual se dividió en un grupo control y un grupo experimental. Se aplicó un cuestionario a las madres o tutores de los niños en ambos grupos, se diseñó un programa de intervención educativa que se impartió al grupo experimental, se aplicó el cuestionario a ambos grupos con un intervalo de 6 meses. Se concluye que en el grupo experimental mejoraron los conocimientos de manera significativa, se demostró además la utilidad de este programa de intervención para elevar los conocimientos sobre asma bronquial en la familia de los niños asmáticos, en la Atención Primaria de Salud(au)


An experimental study of community intervention was carried out in the North Policlinic of Ciego de Ávila Province, from January 2007 to January 2008 with pre and post- test aim at determining the utility of an educative intervention so as to widen the knowledge of family members or legal guardians on bronchial asthma in asthmatic patients of pediatric age. An outstanding sample was obtained by means of a simple random sampling, which was divided into experimental and control groups. A questionnaire was applied to mothers or legal guardians in both groups; an educative intervention program was designed, which was given to the experimental group. The questionnaire was conducted to both groups with a 6-month interval. It was then concluded that knowledge considerably increased in the experimental group. The usefulness of this intervention program in Primary Health Care to widen the knowledge of the family members of asthmatic children on bronchial asthma was also demonstrated(au)


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/prevention & control , Clinical Trial
9.
Patol. apar. locomot. Fund. Mapfre Med ; 5(1): 24-27, ene.-mar. 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056990

ABSTRACT

La fractura luxación posterior de hombro, es una lesión poco frecuente. En las fracturas luxaciones posteriores de tres fragmentos, lo más común es que se asocie la fractura del troquín y de la diáfisis, dejando unido el troquíter a la cabeza humeral. Presentamos un caso clínico en el que se produce fractura de las dos tuberosidades, permaneciendo la cabeza unida a la diáfisis y describimos el tratamiento aplicado


Posterior fracture dislocation of shoulder is an unusual injury. At the three- part posterior fracture dislocations of shoulder, the most common is an associated fracture of trochin and dyaphisis, until trochiter remains joined to humeral head. We report a clinical case of fracture of trochiter and trochin, where humeral head remains joined to dyaphisis, and describes the treatment applied


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Shoulder Dislocation/surgery , Shoulder Fractures/surgery , Diaphyses/injuries , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods
10.
Med. mil ; 60(3): 199-207, jul.-sept. 2004. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-37532

ABSTRACT

El Dr. Antonio Valero como médico militar siguió una trayectoria profesional bastante normal para el tiempo que le tocó vivir, las campañas en el Protectorado de Marruecos, la Guerra Civil y la posguerra, pero la principal diferencia con respecto a la carrera de otros compañeros suyos fue el destino en la Academia General Militar de Zaragoza entre 1928-1931, donde, a parte de desarrollar una importante labor divulgativa de la higiene militar entre los cadetes, reforzó sus convicciones como médico militar con el trato con el resto de profesores del centro, con los que seguiría manteniendo una estrecha relación durante toda su vida. Durante la Guerra Civil demostró su capacidad organizativa al ser capaz de preparar un inmenso despliegue sanitario tanto en el Frente de Aragón como en la retaguardia de Zaragoza, y desmontarlo de una forma razonable al concluir el conflicto. Su valía profesional determinó su ascenso a general en un momento muy delicado, sanitariamente hablando, de la historia española reciente, llegando a ser Jefe de los Servicios de Sanidad del Ejército desde donde reorganizó la Sanidad Militar en todos sus escalones, dedicando una especial atención a los sanatorios antituberculosos, para atajar una verdadera lacra que afectaba a toda la sociedad española de posguerra (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Military Hygiene/history , Military Medicine/history , Spain
14.
Rev. ortop. traumatol. (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 45(5): 384-388, oct. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-336

ABSTRACT

Las fracturas de cadera constituyen un grave problema de salud; en el año 2010 se producirán en España 45.000 fracturas de cadera.Material y método: se realizó un estudios retrospectivo de fracturas de cadera, en pacientes mayores de 60 años, ocurridas entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 1995 en nuestra área sanitaria. Se registraron las características personales de los pacientes: sexo, edad, patologías de base, medicación, tipo de fractura y lado afectado. Las variables de ingreso hospitalario: estancia, complicaciones médicas y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Los datos meteorológicos diarios: temperatura, humedad relativa, barometría y visibilidad.Resultados: las fracturas en mujeres presentaron un patrón cíclico anual, con mayor incidencia en otoño e invierno (p = 0,01). La diferencia de incidencia de fractura en 'días fríos' frente a los 'días cálidos' fueron significativas en el total de las lesiones y en las fracturas por sexo, p = 0,04 y p = 0,008 respectivamente. Las complicaciones médicas han sido más frecuentes en la primavera y verano (p = 0,03) (AU)


Subject(s)
Hip Fractures , Climate Effects
15.
Enzyme Microb Technol ; 28(1): 35-41, 2001 Jan 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11118596

ABSTRACT

Cells of Oenococcus oeni (formerly Leuconostoc oenos) immobilized in alginate beads were used as starter culture to conduct malolactic fermentation in cider production. Concentrations of major organic acids and volatile compounds were monitored during the process, and results were compared to those obtained when using free cells in the same conditions. The rates of malic acid consumption were similar but lower ethanoic acid content and higher concentration of alcohols were detected with immobilized cells. These features have beneficial effects on the organoleptic properties of cider. A comparison between the kinetic behavior in immobilized and free cells, based on the data obtained for the malic acid consumption, has been developed solving the homogeneous diffusion model when it is applied to the system with immobilized cells.

16.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(8): 485-487, sept. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4197

ABSTRACT

La neumonía lipoidea exógena es una entidad poco frecuente y a menudo infradiagnosticada. Clásicamente, se ha considerado un proceso crónico secundario a la aspiración o inhalación continuada de sustancias grasas. En ocasiones, se puede observar una forma aguda coincidiendo con aspiraciones accidentales masivas de material lipídico descrita tradicionalmente en "comedores de fuego"1,2. Revisamos la bibliografía y presentamos un caso de neumonía lipoidea aguda secundaria a la aspiración accidental de vaselina utilizada en la colocación de una sonda nasogástrica para un lavado gástrico, tras intento de autólisis mediante la ingesta de flurazepam. (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Petrolatum , Pneumonia, Lipid , Acute Disease , Emollients
18.
19.
Acta cancerol ; 25(4): 181-2, dic. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-177947

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con Enfermedad de Castleman, caracterizada por la presencia de un nódulo intratorácico izquierdo. La paciente tuvo estudios radiológicos y tomografía computada de tórax. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico y el estudio histológico del espécimen fue informado como hiperplasia ganglionar angiofolicular


Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Castleman Disease
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