ABSTRACT
Previous studies provide high evidence that autotaxin (ATX)-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling through LPA receptors (LPAR) plays an important role in breast cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. However, its specific role in different breast cancer cell lines remains to be fully elucidated to offer improvements in targeted therapies. Within this study, we analyzed in vitro the effect of LPA 18:1 and the LPAR1, LPAR3 (and LPAR2) inhibitor Ki16425 on cellular functions of different human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7, BT-474, SKBR-3) and the human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A, as well as Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha cytokine secretion after LPA-incubation. ATX-LPA signaling showed a dose-dependent stimulatory effect especially on cellular functions of triple-negative and luminal A breast cancer cell lines. Ki16425 inhibited the LPA-induced stimulation of triple-negative breast cancer and luminal A cell lines in variable intensity depending on the functional assay, indicating the interplay of different LPAR in those assays. IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion was induced by LPA in MDA-MB-468 cells. This study provides further evidence about the role of the ATX-LPA axis in different breast cancer cell lines and might contribute to identify subtypes suitable for a future targeted therapy of the ATX-LPA axis.
Subject(s)
Cytokines , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Lysophospholipids/metabolism , Lysophospholipids/pharmacology , MCF-7 CellsABSTRACT
Hemangioblastomas represent 3% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The majority of CNS hemangioblastomas are infratentorial, with the cerebellum being the most frequent location, while 13% are found in the brainstem. Symptoms of brainstem hemangioblastomas can be very subtle and might therefore be overlooked or misinterpreted. We report the case of a patient with a hemangioblastoma at the junction of the medulla oblongata and the cervical spine and provide a brief review of the literature.
