ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Bovine fasciolosis is a reemerging neglected disease with a worldwide distribution caused by the trematode Fasciola spp., which parasitize various hosts. Bovine fasciolosis is responsible for large economic losses in the bovine livestock sector. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine fasciolosis in the municipalities of Colombia. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling conducted on 1140 cattle from the municipalities of Chiquinquirá, San Miguel de Sema, and Ubaté for a duration of 3 months. Serum samples were processed using the commercial Fasciola hepatica Antibody Test Kit IDEXX® Fasciolosis Verification (IDEXX, United States), which identified immunoglobulin G antibodies for gf2 antigen purified from Fasciola extracts. The f2 antigen is extremely immunogenic and highly specific for F. hepatica. An epidemiological survey was performed to record variables related to the sampled animals and herd management practices. Data were processed using the statistical program Epi Info® (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia). The prevalence ratio was estimated to evaluate the association between fasciolosis and the hypothesized causal factors and the significance of this association using Pearson's Chi-square test. Finally, a logistic regression model was developed. Results: The overall seroprevalence was 72.3%. The seroprevalence was 83.9% (323/385) in Chiquinquirá, 68.17% (257/377) in Ubaté, and 64.55% (244/378) in San Miguel de Sema. The seroprevalence was higher in male animals in Chiquinquirá and in female animals in San Miguel de Sema and Ubaté. Similarly, sex showed a statistically significant association with disease prevalence in Ubaté. The highest prevalence was found in cattle aged >2 years. The Holstein breed showed maximum seroprevalence in Chiquinquirá (p ≤ 0.05) and San Miguel de Sema, whereas crossbreed showed higher seroprevalence in Ubaté. Similarly, in Chiquinquirá, the association between the seroprevalence of fasciolosis and the presence of other species was statistically significant (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9601-3.4944; p = 0.0448). In Ubaté, the disease presentation was also associated with pasture rental (95% CI: 0.4047-1.0023; p = 0.003) and attendance to livestock expositions (95% CI: 0.2313-1.0636; p = 0.044). However, in San Miguel de Sema, water from the stream showed a statistically significant association with disease presentation (95% CI: 0.5209-1.0985; p = 0.00649785). Female sex and diarrhea occurrence were considered risk factors for fasciolosis. Conclusion: A high seroprevalence of antibodies to Fasciola spp. was detected in cattle in the study municipalities, indicating a high parasite distribution in these areas. Female sex and diarrhea were established as risk factors associated with fasciolosis in Ubaté and San Miguel de Sema, respectively. Further, research is necessary to establish prevention and control programs against parasitosis.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease widely distributed globally and is considered the main cause of various reproductive and respiratory tract diseases in cattle and buffaloes. This study aimed to estimate seroprevalence and determine risk factors associated with the presentation of IBR in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Boyacá (Colombia). Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was performed, and the sample size was 1,000 cattle. Blood samples were obtained by coccygeal venipuncture and processed through indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Synbiotics® kit (Zoetis, New Jersey, USA) with a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 98%, respectively. Data were processed using the statistical program EpiInfo® (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia). Results: A high seroprevalence of 57.5% was established. Seroprevalence was the highest in cattle >4 years of age (65.0% apparent seroprevalence [AS]; 67% true seroprevalence [TS]) and in the Holstein breed (65.5% AS; 67.8% TS). The breed and age of the animals were significantly associated with each other. The Holstein breed, age group >4 years, uncertified semen, and fetal death were established as risk factors for IBR. In comparison, the age groups of <1 and 1-2 years and the Normande breed were established as protective factors against the bovine herpesvirus-1 virus. Conclusion: Management factors, such as livestock from other owners and animal purchases, which affect disease presentation, are evident. The implementation and development of novel prevention and control measures for IBR at the national level are necessary.
ABSTRACT
Background: Bovine leptospirosis is a zoonotic, infectious, and cosmopolitan disease of worldwide distribution, caused by the spirochete Leptospira spp., which has been diagnosed in humans; domestic mammals, such as dogs, sheep, goats, swine, horses and cattle; and wild animals. It is considered a significant cause of economic losses in livestock because it causes infertility, abortion and reduced milk production. Aim: To establish the prevalence and the main risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. in cattle in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Colombia. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out. 1,000 cattle of Ayrshire, Holstein, Jersey, Normande, Zebu, and crossbreeds were sampled. Blood samples were taken by coccygeal venipuncture and processed by microscopic agglutination technique; animals were considered positive when titers were ≥1:100. The data obtained were processed with the statistical program EpiInfo®. Results: A general apparent prevalence (AP) of 16% (160/1,000) was established, where the crossbreeds (20.5% AP), the 2-4 years age group (17% AP), and the serovars Leptospira interrogans serogroup Pomona (5.1%) and L. interrogans serogroup Sjroe serovar Hardjo (3.4%) presented the highest seropositivity. The variables barnyard, artificial insemination, and use of certified semen were identified as protective factors against the disease, while diarrhea was considered a risk factor. Conclusion: The prevalence in this study is within the range of those reported at the national level; however, it is essential to establish plans to control and prevent the disease.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases , Dog Diseases , Horse Diseases , Leptospira , Leptospirosis , Sheep Diseases , Swine Diseases , Animals , Cattle , Dogs , Female , Pregnancy , Antibodies, Bacterial , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Horses , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Leptospirosis/prevention & control , Mammals , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , SwineABSTRACT
Resumen La diarrea viral bovina (DVB) es una patología infecciosa generada por un pestivirus de distribución mundial, causante de problemas reproductivos y pérdidas económicas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer la positividad al virus de diarrea viral bovina (vDVB) en vacas del municipio de Tuta (Boyacá, Colombia), y analizar los grupos etarios, raciales y las variables reproductivas y de manejo como posibles factores de riesgo. Se tomaron 374 muestras de sangre, a las cuales se les realizó la prueba ELISA indirecta, implementando el kit Serelisa® BVD p80 Ab Mono Blocking; los datos se procesaron con EpiInfo®. Se encontró una seroprevalencia del 41,7 %. Los cruces raciales y los bovinos >4 años presentaron la seroprevalencia más alta. Los animales >4 años (p= 0,0000001922) presentaron asociación estadística con la presencia de la enfermedad, y se consideró factor de riesgo para vDVB. Se deben establecer programas de control y prevención que dificulten su diseminación en la zona.
Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an infectious pathology generated by a pestivirus of worldwide distribution, which causes reproductive problems and economic losses. The objective of this study was to establish bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) positivity in cows from the municipality of Tuta (Boyacá, Colombia), and to analyze age and racial groups and reproductive and management variables as possible risk factors. A total of 374 blood samples were taken and the indirect ELISA test was performed using the Serelisa® BVD p80 Ab Mono Blocking kit; the data were processed with EpiInfo®. A seroprevalence of 41.7% was found. Crossbreds and cattle >4 years had the highest seroprevalence. Animals >4 years old (p= 0.0000001922) were statistically associated with the presence of the disease and were considered a risk factor for BVDV. Control and prevention programs should be established to hinder its dissemination in the area.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La Paratuberculosis Bovina (PTB) o Enfermedad de Johne, es una infección del tracto gastrointestinal causada por Mycobacterium avium, subespecie paratuberculosis (Map), que se caracteriza por generar enteritis granulomatosa crónica y linfadenitis en rumiantes. La preocupación más relevante en relación con la importancia de la PTB es su posible vínculo con la Enfermedad de Crohn (EC) en humanos, sin embargo, esta asociación aún está bajo investigación. Se determinó la seroprevalencia de PTB en el municipio de Sogamoso (Boyacá), donde se recolectaron 604 muestras de sangre, cuyo suero fue procesado mediante la técnica de ELISA indirecta con el kit comercial PARACHEK® 2 KIT (Prionics, Suiza). La seroprevalencia fue de 10,9% (66/604), donde el grupo etario de 2 a 3 años y la raza Jersey fueron los de mayor seroprevalencia. Se encontró asociación estadística significativa (p≤0,05) entre la edad de los individuos evaluados y el suministro de concentrado. La seroprevalencia encontrada indica que se está produciendo una transmisión activa de la enfermedad y que las medidas de control disponibles no están siendo llevadas a cabo o no son lo suficientemente efectivas.
ABSTRACT Bovine Paratuberculosis (BPT), or Johne's Disease, is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by Mycobacterium avium, subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), which is characterized by chronic granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis in ruminants. The most relevant concern regarding the importance of BPT is its possible link to Crohn's disease (CD) in humans, however this association is still under investigation. The seroprevalence of BPT was determined in the municipality of Sogamoso (Boyacá), where 604 blood samples were collected, their serum was processed by the indirect ELISA technique with the commercial PARACHEK® 2 KIT (Prionics, Switzerland), following the manufacturer's instructions. The seroprevalence was 10,9% (66/604), with the 2 to 3 years age group and the Jersey breed having the highest seroprevalence. A significant statistical association was found (p≤0,05) with the age of the individuals tested and the supply of concentrate. The seroprevalence found indicates that active transmission of the disease is taking place, and that the available control measures are not being carried out or are not effective enough.
RESUMO A Paratuberculose Bovina (PTB) ou Doença de Johne é uma infecção do trato gastrointestinal causada pela Mycobacterium avium subespécie paratuberculosis (Map), caracterizada por gerar enterite granulomatosa crónica e linfadenite em ruminantes. A preocupação mais relevante em relação à importância do PTB é seu possível vínculo com a Doença de Crohn (DC) em seres humanos, no entanto, essa associação ainda está sob investigação. A soroprevalência do PTB foi determinada no município de Sogamoso (Boyacá), onde foram coletadas 604 amostras de sangue, cujo soro foi processado pela técnica ELISA indireta com o kit comercial PARACHEK® 2 KIT (Prionics, Suíça). A soroprevalência foi de 10,9% (66/604), onde a faixa etária de 2 a 3 anos e a raça Jersey foram as que apresentaram maior soroprevalência. Foi encontrada associação estatisticamente significante (p≤0,05) com a idade dos indivíduos avaliados e o suprimento de concentrado. A soroprevalência encontrada indica que a transmissão ativa da doença está ocorrendo e que as medidas de controle disponíveis não estão sendo realizadas ou não são eficazes o suficiente.
