Gingival biotypes in Mexican students aged 17-19 years old and their associated anatomic structures, socio-demographic and dietary factors.

This was a cross-sectional study with 550 students aged 17-19 years old. Gingival biotype (GB) was classified as thin, thick, and mixed based on visual inspection. Biotypes were associated with anatomical parameters from the anterior teeth, including probing depth, keratinized gingiva (KG), and gingival attachment (GA). Upper lip distance, facial thirds, tooth shape, gingival recessions, and gummy smile (GS) were also measured. Other variables included sex, age, dietary intake, and oral hygiene habits. Prevalence of thin, thick, and mixed biotypes was 68.4%, 19%, and 12.5%, respectively. Recessions occurred most often in those with thin biotypes. GS was more often seen in men with thin biotypes and in women with thick biotypes. There was a relationship between thin biotypes and oval teeth, and between thick biotypes and square teeth. The lower facial third was larger in thin biotypes. Thin biotypes were also related to larger canines, larger lateral and central incisors, and less KG and GA. Conversely, thick biotypes were associated with shorter teeth and with more KG and GA. Dietary intake and dental hygienic were not significantly associated with GB. Morphologic and phenotypic characterization of GBs can be relevant when planning and performing common dental procedures (e.g., prosthetics, implants, and orthodontics).

Determination and identification of antibiotic-resistant oral streptococci isolated from active dental infections in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To determine and identify antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) of oral streptococci from active dental infections in adults and its association with age and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 59 subjects from 18 to 62 years old. Ninety-eighth samples obtained from the subjects were cultivated in agar plates containing antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (A-CA), clindamycin, and moxifloxacin (concentrations of 16, 32 or 64 µg/ml). PCR assay was performed to identify bacterial species. RESULTS: The bacterial species that showed more antibiotic-resistance (AR) was S. mutans (45.9%), followed by S. gordonii (21.6%), S. oralis (17.6%), S. sanguinis (9.5%), S. salivarius (5.4%) and S. sobrinus (0%). Moreover, clindamycin (59.4%) showed the highest frequency of AR. Moxifloxacin and A-CA showed an susceptibility >99.1%, while clindamycin showed the lowest efficacy (93.3%); there was a significant statistically difference (p < .01). The age group between 26 and 50 years old (32.2%) and females (28.8%) showed more multiresistance. Clindamycin showed a statistical difference (p < .05) when comparing groups by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Clindamycin was the antibiotic with the highest frequency of ARB and lower bactericidal effect. Moxifloxacin and A-CA showed the highest efficacy and the lowest ARB frequency. Streptococcus mutans was the bacterial specie that showed an increased frequency of AR.

Pérdida de dientes en adolescentesy adultos jóvenes universitarios mexicanos / Teeth loss in university adolescents and young adults from México

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de pérdida de dientes (PD) permanentes en una población universitaria de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, así como conocer su distribución por edad y sexo. Se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 1027 adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de 16 a 25 años de edad seleccionados aleatoriamente del total de aspirantes a las licenciaturas de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México. La variable dependiente fue la prevalencia de PD, codificándose como 0=sujetos sin PD y 1=sujetos que tuvieron al menos un diente perdido. Otras variables incluidas fueron edad y sexo del sujeto. El análisis se llevó a cabo en STATA v9,0 con regresión logística. El promedio de edad de los sujetos incluidos fue de 18,20±1,65 y 52,0% fueron hombres. La prevalencia de sujetos con PD fue de 18,0% (n=185) y el promedio de 0,46±1,13, mientras que en quienes tuvieron al menos uno perdido fue de 2,54±1,32. El número máximo de PD fue de 5. En el modelo ajustado obtuvimos significancia estadística en la edad (RM=1,11; p<0,05). Las mujeres tuvieron 41% mayor riesgo de presentar al menos un diente perdido que los hombres. Los sujetos que presentaron más de 6 obturaciones tuvieron mayor posibilidad de tener dientes perdidos (RM=1,60; p<0,05). Los hallazgos indican que la experiencia de tener PD alcanza casi el 20%, además se mostró una asociación entre la PD con la edad, el sexo y el número de obturaciones. Este estudio demuestra la existencia de desigualdades de género.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of permanent teeth loss in a university population of adolescents and young adults, and also to determine the distribution by age and sex. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1027 adolescents and young adults from 16 to 25 years old selected randomly from the total number of applicants to the bachelor's degree program of San Luis Potosi University, Mexico. The dependent variable was the prevalence of tooth loss, codified as "0"=subjects without tooth loss and "1"=subjects with at least one tooth loss. Others variables included were age and sex. Analyzes was performed in STATA 9.0 with logistic regression. The mean of age was 18.20±1.65 and 52.0% were men. The prevalence of tooth loss was 18.0% (n=185) and the mean of 0.46±1.13, whereas in subjects with at least one tooth loss the mean was 2.54±1.32. The maximum number of teeth loss was 5. In the adjusted model we obtained statistic significance in the age (OR=1.11; p<0.05). Women have 41% high risk to present at least one tooth loss than men. Subjects that presented more of 6 filling have high possibility to have teeth loss (OR=1.60; p<0.05). Findings indicate that the experience to have tooth loss reaches nearly 20.0%, and that there was relationship between tooth loss and age, sex and number of fillings. This study demonstrates the existence of gender inequalities.

Dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity in Mexican adolescents and young adults.

OBJECTIVE: Determining dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity in students applying for degree courses at San Luis Potosi University (UASLP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving adolescents and young adults (16 to 25 years old) applying for undergraduate courses at UASLP (approximately 10 %, n=1 027). Two standardized examiners undertook dental examinations; DMFT index, prevalence (DMFT>0), severity (DMFT>3 and DMFT>6) and significant caries index (SiC) were calculated. STATA 9.0 non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 18.20+/-1.65; 48.0% were female. The DMFT index was 4.04+/-3.90 and caries prevalence was 74.4%. Regarding caries' severity, 48.8% had MDFT>3 and 24% DMFT>6. The SiC index was 8.64. Females had higher caries experience than males (4.32+/-4.01 cf 3.78+/-3.78; p<0.05), but similar prevalence and severity (p>0.05). Age was associated with both experience (p<0.001) and prevalence (p<0.01) and to differing degrees of caries' severity (p<0,001). The "filled teeth" component had the highest DMFT index percentage (63.6%) and "missing teeth" the lowest (11.4%). CONCLUSIONS: High dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity were observed in this sample of adolescents and young adults. Restorative experience was high (59.5%) compared to studies carried out in other parts of Mexico and Latin-America.

Dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity in Mexican adolescents and young adults / Experiencia, prevalencia y severidad de caries dental en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes mexicanos

Objective Determining dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity in students applying for degree courses at San Luis Potosi University (UASLP). Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out involving adolescents and young adults (16 to 25 years old) applying for undergraduate courses at UASLP (~10 percent, n=1 027). Two standardized examiners undertook dental examinations; DMFT index, prevalence (DMFT>0), severity (DMFT>3 and DMFT>6) and significant caries index (SiC) were calculated. STATA 9.0 non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Mean age was 18.20±1.65; 48.0 percent were female. The DMFT index was 4.04±3.90 and caries prevalence was 74.4 percent. Regarding caries' severity, 48.8 percent had MDFT>3 and 24 percent DMFT>6. The SiC index was 8.64. Females had higher caries experience than males (4.32±4.01 cf 3.78±3.78; p<0.05), but similar prevalence and severity (p>0.05). Age was associated with both experience (p<0.001) and prevalence (p<0.01) and to differing degrees of caries' severity (p<0,001). The ®filled teeth¼ component had the highest DMFT index percentage (63.6 percent) and ®missing teeth¼ the lowest (11.4 percent). Conclusions High dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity were observed in this sample of adolescents and young adults. Restorative experience was high (59.5 percent) compared to studies carried out in other parts of Mexico and Latin-America.

Objetivo Determinar la experiencia, prevalencia y severidad de caries en aspirantes a las licenciaturas de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP). Material y Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en el 2007 en una muestra de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de 16 a 25 años de edad aspirantes a las licenciaturas de la UASLP (~10 por ciento, n=1 027). El examen clínico lo realizaron dentistas. Se calcularon los índices de caries para dentición permanente y se determinó la experiencia (índice global CPOD), la prevalencia (CPOD>0) y la severidad (CPOD>3 y CPOD>6) de caries dental, además, del índice de caries significativa (SiC). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con X2, Mann-Whitney, y pruebas de tendencia no paramétrica en STATA 9.0. Resultados La edad promedio fue 18,20±1,65 años. El 48,0 por ciento fueron mujeres. El índice CPOD fue 4,04±3,90 y la prevalencia de caries de 74,4 por ciento. En cuanto a la severidad, 48,8 por ciento tuvieron CPOD >3 y 24,0 por ciento CPOD >6. El índice SiC fue de 8,64. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor experiencia de caries que los hombres (4,32±4,01 vs 3,78±3,78; p<0,05); pero similar prevalencia y severidad (p>0,05). La edad se asoció tanto a la experiencia (p<0,001), como a la prevalencia (p<0,01) y a los diferentes grados de severidad de caries (p<0,001). El mayor porcentaje (63,6 por ciento) del índice CPOD fue del componente ®dientes obturados¼ y el menor (11,4 por ciento) del componente "dientes perdidos". Conclusiones Se observó una alta experiencia, prevalencia y severidad de caries en esta muestra de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Por otro lado, la experiencia restauradora fue alta (59,5 por ciento) en comparación con estudios realizados en otros lugares de México y Latinoamérica.