Multicenter study on multidisciplinary committees in advanced prostate cancer.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Although Multidisciplinary Teams (MDTs) are recommended in the management of Advanced Prostate Cancer (APC), their functioning in real practice has been poorly evaluated. We carried out a multicenter study with the objective of evaluating the functioning of uro-oncology MDTs in 6 hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. The level of Compliance with the Fundamental Quality Requirements (CFQR) of the MDTs was evaluated by means of a questionnaire filled out by the coordinators of the MDTs in each hospital. The information on the perspective of the members of the MDTs was evaluated through an anonymous survey. RESULTS: A high level of CFQR in MDTs was evidenced (75%), showing deficiencies in terms of protocol update, agendas, audits, and scientific production. The survey was answered by 62.32% of the 69 physicians surveyed (urologists, oncologists, radiation therapists, radiologists, and pathologists). The 88.4% consider the duration of the meetings appropriate. There are disparate opinions concerning the protection of the MDT meeting time as well as protocol update. Of the patients with APC presented at the MDTs meeting, 62,8% require intervention from two specialties. Only 50% of respondents believe that all CRPC cases are discussed and that there is a prior agenda. The decisions made by the MDTs are reflected in the clinical history in 65.1% and are binding only in 60.5% of the cases. Half of the respondents have not been trained in MDTs. Most participants (90.7%) agree on the fact that MDTs. convey benefits. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluations of the MDTs identify rectifiable deficiencies by modifying hospital inertia and care planning.

Empleo de malla en U de una pieza y sutura barbada durante la colposacropexia laparoscópica / The use of one-piece U-shaped mesh and barbed sutures in laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La colposacropexia laparoscópica (CL) para el manejo del prolapso de órganos pélvicos, es una cirugía compleja que requiere experticia. La complejidad radica en los requerimientos de sutura intracorpórea y en las dificultades para la manipulación intracorpórea de la malla. La sutura barbada (SB) simplifica la sutura intracorpórea y no requiere anudado. Adicionalmente las mallas en U de una sola pieza (MU-P) pueden facilitar su manipulación, estabilización y el ajuste de tensión. Describimos nuestra técnica quirúrgica de CL empleando ambos materiales y valoramos su factibilidad, seguridad y efectividad en una serie prospectiva de pacientes. Materiales y MÉTODOS: Un total de 7 pacientes con prolapso de órganos pélvicos sintomático fueron intervenidas mediante CL empleando MU-P fijada con SB. A todas ellas se les realizó historia uroginecológica, clasificación del prolapso de órganos pélvicos según Baden-Walker y se les administró el cuestionario de calidad de vida específico de prolapso. Se empleó la MU-P de polipropileno, macroporo, no absorbible (Uplift (R)). La rama posterior de la malla se fijó en los músculos elevadores con sendos puntos de sutura no absorbible. Dos hilos de SB (V-Loc (R)), atadas en su extremo se emplearon para fijar la rama anterior de la malla en la vagina con dos líneas de sutura continua en sentidos opuestos con inicio en el punto central y más profundo de la disección vaginal. Se emplearon tackers no metálicos del kit de Uplift(R) para la promontofijación y SB para el cierre del peritoneo. RESULTADOS: La mediana de edad fue 60 años, la mediana de tiempo de fijación de la rama anterior de la malla con SB fue de 23 minutos (rango 21,30 - 26,40 min), la mediana de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 3 días y el sangrado intraoperatoria fue mínimo. Observamos que la MU-P se autoestabiliza al desplegarse longitudinalmente en la cavidad minimizando los requerimientos del asistente quirúrgico. La promontofijación independiente de cada rama de la malla (posterior y anterior) permite un ajuste de tensión más anatómico. La fijación de la malla a la vagina mediante nuestra técnica empleando la SB resulta rápida y sencilla. No se registraron complicaciones intraoperatorias y no se han evidenciado erosiones vaginales ni recurrencias durante el seguimiento (mediana 14 meses. ) Todas las pacientes presentaron mejoría clínica del prolapso y están satisfechas con la cirugía. CONCLUSIONES: La CL empleando MU-P y SB es factible, segura, efectiva y podría simplificar la cirugía

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LS) is considered a safe and effective surgery for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), but it requires expertise in laparoscopic surgery. The complexity of the intervention is due to the requirements of intracorporeal sutures and the manipulation of the mesh inside the cavity, which may be cumbersome. The barbed sutures (BS) simplify intracorporeal suturing and do not require knotting. Additionally, one-piece U-mesh (OP-UM) may facilitate handling, stabilization and tension adjustment. We describe our LS surgical technique using both materials to assess its feasibility, safety and effectiveness in a prospective series of PATIENTS: MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 7 patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse were included. Urogynecological history, classification of the pelvic organ prolapse according to Baden-Walker and the application of the Prolapse Quality of Life questionnaire were performed in all cases. The non-absorbable polypropylene OP-UM (UpliftTM) was used. The posterior side of the single sling is sutured to the elevator anus muscles with two non-absorbable stitches. Two strands of BS (V-LocTM), tied at their ends, were used to attach the mesh to the vagina in two lines of continuous sutures in opposite directions. Self-anchoring tackers were used for promontofixation and BS for peritoneal closure. RESULTS: The median age was 60 years, the median time of the anterior branch mesh BS fixation was 23 minutes (range 21,30 - 26,40 min), intraoperative bleeding was minimal, and the median hospital stay was 3 days. No intraoperative complications were recorded, and no mesh erosions or recurrences were observed at a median follow-up of 14 months (range 3-25 months). All patients presented clinical improvement of the prolapse and were satisfied with surgery. We observed that the OP-UM self-stabilizes when it extends longitudinally into the abdominal cavity, reducing the need of the surgical assistant. The independent promontofixation of each part of the mesh (posterior and anterior) allows a more anatomical tension adjustment. Fixing the mesh to the vagina is fast and simple with our BS technique. CONCLUSIONS: The use of OP-UM and BS during LS is feasible, safe, effective and could simplify this surgical technique

The use of one-piece U-shaped mesh and barbed sutures in laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. / Empleo de malla en U de una pieza y sutura barbada durante la colposacropexia laparoscópica.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LS) is considered a safe and effective surgery for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), but it requires expertise in laparoscopic surgery. The complexity of the intervention is due to the requirements of intracorporeal sutures and the manipulation of the mesh inside the cavity, which may be cumbersome. The barbed sutures (BS) simplify intracorporeal suturing and do not require knotting. Additionally, one-piece U-mesh (OP-UM) may facilitate handling, stabilization and tension adjustment. We describe our LS surgical technique using both materials to assess its feasibility, safety and effectiveness in a prospective series of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 7 patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse were included. Urogynecological history, classification of the pelvic organ prolapse according to Baden-Walker and the application of the Prolapse Quality of Life questionnaire were performed in all cases. The non-absorbable polypropylene OP-UM (Uplift ™) was used. The posterior side of the single sling is sutured to the elevator anus muscles with two non-absorbable stitches. Two strands of BS (V-Loc™), tied at their ends, were used to attach the mesh to the vagina in two lines of continuous sutures in opposite directions. Self-anchoring tackers were used for promontofixation and BS for peritoneal closure. RESULTS: The median age was 60 years, the median time of the anterior branch mesh BS fixation was 23minutes (range 21,30 - 26,40min), intraoperative bleeding was minimal, and the median hospital stay was 3 days. No intraoperative complications were recorded, and no mesh erosions or recurrences were observed at a median follow-up of 14 months (range 3-25 months). All patients presented clinical improvement of the prolapse and were satisfied with surgery. We observed that the OP-UM self-stabilizes when it extends longitudinally into the abdominal cavity, reducing the need of the surgical assistant. The independent promontofixation of each part of the mesh (posterior and anterior) allows a more anatomical tension adjustment. Fixing the mesh to the vagina is fast and simple with our BS technique. CONCLUSIONS: The use of OP-UM and BS during LS is feasible, safe, effective and could simplify this surgical technique.

Estudio prospectivo comparativo entre adenomectomía laparoscópica y abierta: resultados operatorios y funcionales / Prospective study comparing laparoscopic and open adenomectomy: surgical and functional results

Introducción: La adenomectomía abierta (AA) es el tratamiento quirúrgico de elección para la hipertrofia prostática benigna de gran volumen, y la adenomectomía laparoscópica (AL) supone una alternativa mínimamente invasiva. Presentamos un estudio prospectivo comparativo a largo plazo entre ambas técnicas. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron 199 pacientes consecutivos con hipertrofia benigna de próstata de volumen prostático > 80 g y un seguimiento > 12 meses, intervenidos mediante AA (n = 97) o AL (n = 102). Se registraron y compararon datos demográficos, perioperatorios, resultados funcionales y complicaciones empleando un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 69,2 ± 7,7 años (rango 42-87) y el volumen de la próstata por ETR de 112,1 ± 32,7 mL (rango 78-260). No hubo diferencias basales entre los grupos con respecto a edad, escala de ASA, volumen prostático, PSA, Qmáx, IPSS, CdV o tratamientos previos a la intervención. El tiempo operatorio (p < 0,0001) y el tiempo de sonda (p < 0,0002) fueron mayores en el grupo AL. El sangrado operatorio (p < 0,0001), la tasa de transfusión (p = 0,0015) y la estancia media (p < 0,0001) fueron significativamente menores en el grupo laparoscópico. El grupo de AL tuvo menor tasa de complicaciones (p = 0,04), pero no hubo diferencias significativas entre grupos respecto a complicaciones mayores (Clavien ≥ 3) (p = 0,13) o en la tasa de complicaciones tardías (al año) (p = 0,66). Tampoco hubo diferencias entre grupos en los resultados funcionales postoperatorios: IPSS (p = 0,17), CdV (p = 0,3) y Qmáx (p = 0,17). Conclusiones: La AL representa una alternativa razonable, segura y eficaz que aporta menor sangrado, menos transfusiones, menor estancia hospitalaria y menor morbilidad que la AA, con resultados funcionales equivalentes, a expensas de un tiempo operatorio prolongado y un mayor período de sonda

Introduction: Open adenomectomy (OA) is the surgery of choice for large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia, and laparoscopic adenomectomy (LA) represents a minimally invasive alternative. We present a long-term, prospective study comparing both techniques. Patients and methods: The study consecutively included 199 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate volumes > 80 g who were followed for more than 12 months. The patients underwent OA (n = 97) or LA (n = 102). We recorded and compared demographic and perioperative data, functional results and complications using a descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The mean age was 69.2 ± 7.7 years (range 42-87), and the mean prostate volume (measured by TRUS) was 112.1 ± 32.7 mL (range 78-260). There were no baseline differences among the groups in terms of age, ASA scale, prostate volume, PSA levels, Qmax, IPSS, QoL or treatments prior to the surgery. The surgical time (P < .0001) and catheter time (P < .0002) were longer in the LA group. Operative bleeding (P < .0001), transfusion rate (P = .0015) and mean stay (P < .0001) were significantly lower in the LA group. The LA group had a lower rate of complications (P = .04), but there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of major complications (Clavien score ≥ 3) (P = .13) or in the rate of late complications (at one year) (P = .66). There were also no differences between the groups in the functional postoperative results: IPSS (P = .17), QoL (P = .3) and Qmax (P = .17). Conclusions: LA is a reasonable, safe and effective alternative that results in less bleeding, fewer transfusions, shorter hospital stays and lower morbidity than OA. LA has similar functional results to OA, at the expense of longer surgical times and longer catheter times

Prospective study comparing laparoscopic and open adenomectomy: Surgical and functional results. / Estudio prospectivo comparativo entre adenomectomía laparoscópica y abierta: resultados operatorios y funcionales.

INTRODUCTION: Open adenomectomy (OA) is the surgery of choice for large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia, and laparoscopic adenomectomy (LA) represents a minimally invasive alternative. We present a long-term, prospective study comparing both techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study consecutively included 199 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate volumes>80g who were followed for more than 12 months. The patients underwent OA (n=97) or LA (n=102). We recorded and compared demographic and perioperative data, functional results and complications using a descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 69.2±7.7 years (range 42-87), and the mean prostate volume (measured by TRUS) was 112.1±32.7mL (range 78-260). There were no baseline differences among the groups in terms of age, ASA scale, prostate volume, PSA levels, Qmax, IPSS, QoL or treatments prior to the surgery. The surgical time (P<.0001) and catheter time (P<.0002) were longer in the LA group. Operative bleeding (P<.0001), transfusion rate (P=.0015) and mean stay (P<.0001) were significantly lower in the LA group. The LA group had a lower rate of complications (P=.04), but there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of major complications (Clavien score≥3) (P=.13) or in the rate of late complications (at one year) (P=.66). There were also no differences between the groups in the functional postoperative results: IPSS (P=.17), QoL (P=.3) and Qmax (P=.17). CONCLUSIONS: LA is a reasonable, safe and effective alternative that results in less bleeding, fewer transfusions, shorter hospital stays and lower morbidity than OA. LA has similar functional results to OA, at the expense of longer surgical times and longer catheter times.

Refinamientos contemporáneos en la prostatectomía radical laparoscópica / Contemporary refinements in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

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Micro-ureteroscopia: Experiencia inicial en el tratamiento endoscópico de litiasis de uréter pelviano / Micro-ureteroscopy: Initial experience in the endoscopic treatment of pelvic ureteral lithiasis

Objetivos: Presentar el primer caso de litiasis ureteral resuelto mediante un nuevo abordaje endoscópico que denominamos micro-ureteroscopia (m-URS) y que pretende reducir el daño ureteral que se produce por el instrumental convencional. Material y métodos: Seleccionamos a una paciente de 53 años de edad con una litiasis de 16 mm en el uréter distal derecho. Para el acceso endoscópico empleamos la vaina de 4,8 Fr del set de micro-Perc y fragmentamos la litiasis con una fibra láser de 230 μ. Resultados: Se consiguió la fragmentación por completo de la litiasis. Colocamos un catéter JJ debido al importante edema ureteral. El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 156 min y la estancia posquirúrgica de 24 h. No hubo complicaciones, los requerimientos de analgesia fueron mínimos y la paciente quedó libre de litiasis residuales. Conclusiones: La m-URS es una técnica factible, sencilla y eficaz en el tratamiento de litiasis ureteral pelviana en mujeres, que optimiza la mínima invasión con unos resultados que pueden ser equiparables a las técnicas endoscópicas convencionales en cuanto a la facilidad del acceso y la calidad de visión endoscópica sin afectar la capacidad resolutiva. Se requiere de estudios más potentes y de un mayor desarrollo tecnológico para definir el rol definitivo de este procedimiento. Las mayores limitaciones actuales residen en el tratamiento de litiasis en el uréter proximal o en varones. Podría ser una buena alternativa también en pacientes pediátricos

Objectives: To present to report the first case of ureteral lithiasis resolved using a new endoscopic approach, which we call microureteroscopy (m-URS) and attempts to reduce the ureteral damage caused by conventional instrumentation. Material and methods: We selected a 53-year-old patient with a 16-mm calculus in the right distal ureter. For endoscopic access, we used a 4.8 Fr sheath from the microperc set and fragmented the stone with a 230-micron laser fiber. Results: Complete fragmentation of the stone was achieved. We placed a JJ catheter due to significant ureteral edema. The surgical time and postsurgical stay were 156 minutes and 24 hours, respectively. There were no complications, the requirements for analgesia were minimal, and the patient was free of residual stones. Conclusions: The m-URS technique is feasible, simple and effective for the treatment of pelvic ureteral lithiasis in women and optimizes minimal invasion, with results that can be comparable to conventional endoscopic techniques in terms of ease of access and quality of endoscopic vision without affecting the resolution capacity. Larger studies and greater technological development is needed to define the definitive role of this procedure. Currently, its major limitations lie in the treatment of proximal ureter lithiasis and in the treatment of men. This technique could also be a viable alternative for pediatric patients

Adenomectomía laparoscópica extraperitoneal «sin nudos» / «Knotless» Laparoscopic Extraperitoneal Adenomectomy

Introducción: La adenomectomía laparoscópica es una cirugía factible y efectiva. Progresivamente simplificamos el procedimiento empleando sutura barbada, mediante una técnica que denominamos adenomectomía laparoscópica «sin nudos». Presentamos un estudio prospectivo multicéntrico descriptivo que refleja eficacia y seguridad de dicha técnica en una situación de práctica clínica real reproducible. Métodos: Un total de 26 pacientes con hipertrofia prostática benigna de gran tamaño (> 80 cc) fueron sometidos a adenomectomía laparoscópica «sin nudos». Se trata de una técnica laparoscópica extraperitoneal con 4 trocares basada en la enucleación controlada y hemostática del adenoma empleando bisturí ultrasónico, sección uretral precisa bajo visión asistida por una bujía uretral, trigonización empleando sutura barbada que cubre la pared posterior de la celda prostática, capsulorrafia con sutura barbada y extracción del adenoma morcelado a través de la incisión umbilical. Resultados: La mediana de la edad fue de 69 (54-83) años, el volumen prostático 127 (89-245) cc, el tiempo operatorio 136 (90-315) min, el sangrado estimado 200 (120-500) cc, la estancia hospitalaria 3 (2-6) días. Todos los pacientes presentaron mejoría funcional objetivada por uroflujometría, cuestionario de IPSS y calidad de vida. Hubo complicaciones en 6 pacientes, 5 fueron menores. Conclusiones: La adenomectomía laparoscópica «sin nudos» es un procedimiento de escasa complejidad que combina las ventajas de la cirugía abierta (resultados funcionales duraderos y extracción completa del adenoma) con los procedimientos laparoscópicos (disminución del sangrado y de transfusiones, menor estancia hospitalaria, morbilidad y complicaciones relacionadas con la pared abdominal). El empleo de bisturí ultrasónico y sutura barbada simplifica el procedimiento y permite realizar la técnica de forma segura y hemostática

Introduction: Laparoscopic adenomectomy is a feasible and effective surgical procedure. We have progressively simplified the procedure using barbed sutures and a technique we call «knotless» laparoscopic adenomectomy. We present a prospective, multicenter, descriptive study that reflects the efficacy and safety of this technique in an actual, reproducible clinical practice situation. Methods: A total of 26 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia of considerable size (> 80 cc) underwent «knotless» laparoscopic adenomectomy. This is an extraperitoneal laparoscopic technique with 4 trocars based on the controlled and hemostatic enucleation of the adenoma using ultrasonic scalpels, precise urethral sectioning under direct vision assisted by a urethral plug, trigonization using barbed suture covering the posterior wall of the fascia, capsulorrhaphy with barbed suture and extraction of the morcellated adenoma through the umbilical incision. Results: The median patient age was 69 (54-83) years, the mean prostate volume was 127 (89-245) cc, the mean operative time was 136 (90-315) min, the mean estimated bleeding volume was 200 (120-500) cc and the hospital stay was 3 (2-6) days. All patients experienced improved function in terms of uroflowmetry and International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life questionnaires. There were complications in 6 patients, 5 of which were minor. Conclusions: «Knotless» laparoscopic adenomectomy is a procedure with low complexity that combines the advantages of open surgery (lasting functional results and complete extraction of the adenoma) with laparoscopic procedures (reduced bleeding and need for transfusions, shorter hospital stays and reduced morbidity and complications related to the abdominal wall). The use of ultrasonic scalpels and barbed sutures simplifies the procedure and enables a safe and hemostatic technique

Micro-ureteroscopy: Initial experience in the endoscopic treatment of pelvic ureteral lithiasis.

OBJECTIVES: To present to report the first case of ureteral lithiasis resolved using a new endoscopic approach, which we call microureteroscopy (m-URS) and attempts to reduce the ureteral damage caused by conventional instrumentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We selected a 53-year-old patient with a 16-mm calculus in the right distal ureter. For endoscopic access, we used a 4.8 Fr sheath from the microperc set and fragmented the stone with a 230-micron laser fiber. RESULTS: Complete fragmentation of the stone was achieved. We placed a JJ catheter due to significant ureteral edema. The surgical time and postsurgical stay were 156minutes and 24hours, respectively. There were no complications, the requirements for analgesia were minimal, and the patient was free of residual stones. CONCLUSIONS: The m-URS technique is feasible, simple and effective for the treatment of pelvic ureteral lithiasis in women and optimizes minimal invasion, with results that can be comparable to conventional endoscopic techniques in terms of ease of access and quality of endoscopic vision without affecting the resolution capacity. Larger studies and greater technological development is needed to define the definitive role of this procedure. Currently, its major limitations lie in the treatment of proximal ureter lithiasis and in the treatment of men. This technique could also be a viable alternative for pediatric patients.

"Knotless" laparoscopic extraperitoneal adenomectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic adenomectomy is a feasible and effective surgical procedure. We have progressively simplified the procedure using barbed sutures and a technique we call "knotless" laparoscopic adenomectomy. We present a prospective, multicenter, descriptive study that reflects the efficacy and safety of this technique in an actual, reproducible clinical practice situation. METHODS: A total of 26 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia of considerable size (>80cc) underwent "knotless" laparoscopic adenomectomy. This is an extraperitoneal laparoscopic technique with 4 trocars based on the controlled and hemostatic enucleation of the adenoma using ultrasonic scalpels, precise urethral sectioning under direct vision assisted by a urethral plug, trigonization using barbed suture covering the posterior wall of the fascia, capsulorrhaphy with barbed suture and extraction of the morcellated adenoma through the umbilical incision. RESULTS: The median patient age was 69 (54-83)years, the mean prostate volume was 127 (89-245)cc, the mean operative time was 136 (90-315)min, the mean estimated bleeding volume was 200 (120-500)cc and the hospital stay was 3 (2-6)days. All patients experienced improved function in terms of uroflowmetry and International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life questionnaires. There were complications in 6 patients, 5 of which were minor. CONCLUSIONS: "Knotless" laparoscopic adenomectomy is a procedure with low complexity that combines the advantages of open surgery (lasting functional results and complete extraction of the adenoma) with laparoscopic procedures (reduced bleeding and need for transfusions, shorter hospital stays and reduced morbidity and complications related to the abdominal wall). The use of ultrasonic scalpels and barbed sutures simplifies the procedure and enables a safe and hemostatic technique.

Réplica a «La ureterectomía distal laparoscópica por carcinoma urotelial es técnicamente posible, pero ¿resulta oncológicamente segura?» / Response to comments on: Laparoscopic distal ureterectomy for urothelial carcinoma is technically feasible But is it oncologically safe?

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Laparoscopia urológica con visión en 3 dimensiones (3-D) / Three dimensional (3 D) urological laparoscopy

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La ureterectomía distal laparoscópica en el tratamiento del carcinoma urotelial del uréter distal / Ureterectomy in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter

Introducción: La ureterectomía segmentaria con preservación del riñón es una opción de tratamiento para el carcinoma urotelial de bajo grado (CUBG) en el uréter distal no susceptible de resección endoscópica. La ureterectomía distal laparoscópica (UDL) con reimplantación ureteral es habitual en un proceso patológico benigno (estenosis, lesión iatrogénica, endometriosis), pero se ha descrito escasamente en enfermedad ureteral maligna. Se revisa la literatura al respecto y se describe la técnica quirúrgica. Material y métodos: Se expone la experiencia relativa a 2 casos de UDL por carcinoma urotelial de bajo grado en el uréter distal. En ambos se llevó a cabo RTU vesical previa, la citología urinaria fue negativa y los estudios de imagen identificaron obstrucción urinaria y defecto de llenado en el uréter distal. Uno de los pacientes tenía antecedentes de neoplasia vesical T1G3 y padecía insuficiencia renal. En ambos el uréter se ligó precozmente. La ureterectomía segmentaria se practicó mediante procedimiento combinado endoscópico y laparoscópico con desinserción ureteral en un caso, y en el otro de forma exclusivamente laparoscópica; ambos con 4 trócares. La reimplantación ureteral se llevó a cabo con sutura continua hermética y sin tensión. En un caso con antecedente de tumor vesical de alto grado se practicó también linfadenectomía pélvica. Resultados: El tiempo operatorio fue 180 y 240min, respectivamente; el sangrado estimado 100 y 250ml y el tiempo de ingreso 6 y 4 días. La única complicación postoperatoria fue ileo paralítico (Clavien I) en el primer caso. Con un seguimiento de 20 y 12 meses no hay evidencia de recidiva ni de dilatación. En el paciente con insuficiencia renal el aclaramiento de creatinina mejoró Conclusiones: La UDL con reimplantación ureteral es una técnica compleja, pero representa una alternativa factible y efectiva para el tratamiento del CUBG en el uréter distal, siempre que se respeten los principios oncológicos y reconstructivos (AU)

Introduction: Segmental ureterectomy with preservation of the kidney is a treatment option for the low grade urothelial carcinoma (LG-UC) in distal ureter that is not a candidate for endoscopic resection. Laparoscopic distal ureterectomy (LDU) with ureteral reimplantation is common in benign conditions (stenosis, iatrogenic lesion, endometriosis). However, it has been hardly described in malignant ureteral condition. The literature is reviewed in this regards and the surgical technique described. Material and methods: The experience regarding two cases of LDU due to low grade urothelial carcinoma in distal ureter is presented. In both, previous bladder transurethral resection (RTU) was performed. The urinary cytology was negative and the imaging studies identified urinary obstruction and distal ureter filling defect. One of the patients had a background of T1G3 bladder cancer and suffered renal failure. In both, the ureter was ligated early. Segmental ureterectomy was performed using a combined endoscopic and laparoscopic procedure with ureteral desinsertion in one case. In the other, it was exclusively laparoscopic. Both were done with 4 trocars. Ureteral reimplantation was conducted with continuous hermetic suture and without tension. In one case with background of high grade bladder tumor, pelvic lymphadenectomy was also performed. Results: Operating time was 180 and 240min, respectively, with estimated bleeding of 100 and 250ml. Hospitalization time was 6 and 4 days. The only post-operatory complication was paralytic ileum (Clavien I) in the first case. With a 20 and 12 month follow-up, there is no evidence of recurrence or dilatation. In the patient with renal failure, creatinine clearance improved. Conclusions: The LDU with ureteral reimplantation is a complex technique. However, it represents a feasible and effective alternative for the treatment of LG-UC in distal ureter, as long as the oncological and reconstructive principles are respected (AU)

[Ureterectomy in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter]. / La ureterectomía distal laparoscópica en el tratamiento del carcinoma urotelial del uréter distal.

INTRODUCTION: Segmental ureterectomy with preservation of the kidney is a treatment option for the low grade urothelial carcinoma (LG-UC) in distal ureter that is not a candidate for endoscopic resection. Laparoscopic distal ureterectomy (LDU) with ureteral reimplantation is common in benign conditions (stenosis, iatrogenic lesion, endometriosis). However, it has been hardly described in malignant ureteral condition. The literature is reviewed in this regards and the surgical technique described. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experience regarding two cases of LDU due to low grade urothelial carcinoma in distal ureter is presented. In both, previous bladder transurethral resection (RTU) was performed. The urinary cytology was negative and the imaging studies identified urinary obstruction and distal ureter filling defect. One of the patients had a background of T1G3 bladder cancer and suffered renal failure. In both, the ureter was ligated early. Segmental ureterectomy was performed using a combined endoscopic and laparoscopic procedure with ureteral desinsertion in one case. In the other, it was exclusively laparoscopic. Both were done with 4 trocars. Ureteral reimplantation was conducted with continuous hermetic suture and without tension. In one case with background of high grade bladder tumor, pelvic lymphadenectomy was also performed. RESULTS: Operating time was 180 and 240 min, respectively, with estimated bleeding of 100 and 250 ml. Hospitalization time was 6 and 4 days. The only post-operatory complication was paralytic ileum (Clavien I) in the first case. With a 20 and 12 month follow-up, there is no evidence of recurrence or dilatation. In the patient with renal failure, creatinine clearance improved. CONCLUSIONS: The LDU with ureteral reimplantation is a complex technique. However, it represents a feasible and effective alternative for the treatment of LG-UC in distal ureter, as long as the oncological and reconstructive principles are respected.

Renorrafia simplificada empleando sutura barbada durante la nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica / Simplified Renorrhaphy Using Self-retaining Barbed Suture During Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

Introducción y objetivos: La nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica (NPL) es una intervención desafiante que requiere sutura intracorpórea rápida y efectiva, lo que limita su aplicación de forma extendida. Refinamientos de la cirugía han mejorado los tiempos de isquemia y facilitado la reconstrucción renal. Se presenta una técnica que simplifica al máximo la renorrafia empleando sutura barbada de auto-retención (SBAR) entrelazando dos hilos. Pacientes y métodos: A dos pacientes con carcinoma de riñón, de 3,4 y 1,5 cm respectivamente, se les realizó la NPL. La SBAR es un poligliconato absorbible con pequeños salientes a lo largo de su eje que se anclan en los tejidos, distribuyendo la tensión de la línea de sutura y eliminando la necesidad de nudos. La renorrafia se realizó con la SBAR mediante dos líneas de sutura continuas sin nudos, fijando los hilos con clips de Hem-o-lok® y ajustándolos con la técnica del «clip deslizante», sin colocación de bolsters dentro del defecto del parénquima renal. Resultados: El tiempo operatorio fue de 156 y 163 minutos, el sangrado intraoperatorio fue de 50 y 850 ml, el tiempo de isquemia caliente fue de 14,3 y 23 minutos y el tiempo de seguimiento fue de 7 y 3 meses, en el primer y segundo caso respectivamente. La estancia hospitalaria fue de 5 días y no hubo complicaciones postoperatorias. Conclusiones: La renorrafia simplificada empleando SBAR es efectiva, hemostática, facilita significativamente la reconstrucción renal y puede ayudar a disminuir los tiempos de isquemia (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is a challenging procedure that requires quick and effective intracorporeal suturing, that could limit wides preadadoption. Refinements of surgery have improved warm ischemia times and facilitated renal reconstruction. We present a technique that makes renorrhaphy easier using Self-Retaining Barbed Suture (SRBS) weaving two threads. Patients and methods: Two patients with carcinoma of the kidney, 3.4 and 1.5 cm respectively, were subjected to the LPN. The SRBS is an absorbable polygluconate with small projections along its axis which are anchored in the tissue, distributing the tension of the suture line and eliminating the need for knots. Renorrhaphy was performed using the SRBS by two continuous suture lines without knots, setting the sutures with clips of Hem-o-lok® and adjusting it with the technique of «sliding clip», without placing «bolsters» inside the renal parenchymal defect. Results: Operative time was 156 minutes and 163 minutes, intraoperative bleeding was 50 ml and 850 ml, the warm ischemia time was 14.3 minutes and 23 minutes and follow-up time was7 months and 3 months in the first and second cases respectively. The hospital stay was 5 days and there were no postoperative complications. Conclusions: Simplified renorrhaphy using SRBS is effective, hemostatic, facilitates the renal reconstruction, and can help reduce the warn ischemia time (AU)

[Simplified renorrhaphy using self-retaining barbed suture during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy]. / Renorrafia simplificada empleando sutura barbada durante la nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is a challenging procedure that requires quick and effective intracorporeal suturing, that could limit widespread adoption. Refinements of surgery have improved warm ischemia times and facilitated renal reconstruction. We present a technique that makes renorrhaphy easier using Self-Retaining Barbed Suture (SRBS) weaving two threads. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients with carcinoma of the kidney, 3.4 and 1.5 cm respectively, were subjected to the LPN. The SRBS is an absorbable polygluconate with small projections along its axis which are anchored in the tissue, distributing the tension of the suture line and eliminating the need for knots. Renorrhaphy was performed using the SRBS by two continuous suture lines without knots, setting the sutures with clips of Hem-o-lok(®) and adjusting it with the technique of «sliding clip¼, without placing «bolsters¼ inside the renal parenchymal defect. RESULTS: Operative time was 156 minutes and 163 minutes, intraoperative bleeding was 50 ml and 850 ml, the warm ischemia time was 14.3 minutes and 23 minutes and follow-up time was 7 months and 3 months in the first and second cases respectively. The hospital stay was 5 days and there were no postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Simplified renorrhaphy using SRBS is effective, hemostatic, facilitates the renal reconstruction, and can help reduce the warn ischemia time.

Reparación laparoscópica de fístula vésico-vaginal sin cistotomía intencional y guiada por transiluminación vaginal / Laparoscopic Repair of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula Without Intentional Cystotomy and Guided by Vaginal Transillumination

Objetivos: La reparación de una fístula vésico-vaginal (FVV) por vía laparoscópica permite una excelente exposición, lo que facilita su ejecución a través de una cistotomía pequeña. En algunos casos la localización de la fístula sin apertura vesical previa resulta difícil. Se presenta una maniobra empleando transiluminación por vía vaginal para facilitar la localización de la fístula y para reducir el tamaño de la apertura vesical durante la reparación laparoscópica sin cistotomía intencional. Material y métodos: Un total de 4 pacientes con FVV supra-trigonal producida post-histerectomía recibieron reparación laparoscópica. A todas se les realizó exploración física, prueba con colorante, uretrocistoscopia y pielografía intravenosa. Se localizó la fístula empleando el cistoscopio que se introduce por la vagina y se coloca sobre el orificio fistuloso. La luz emitida guía la disección laparoscópica en el plano entre la vagina y la vejiga justo sobre la fístula, sin realizar cistotomía intencional previa. Resultados: La edad media de las pacientes fue de 42 (38-47) años. En todos los casos el tamaño aproximado de la cistotomía no alcanzó los 2cm. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue 160 (120-186) minutos y el tiempo de sondaje 10 días. No hubo recurrencias. Conclusiones: La reparación laparoscópica de la FVV sin cistotomía intencional con disección directa sobre el trayecto fistuloso, guiada por transiluminación vaginal, es efectiva porque localiza rápidamente la fístula en todos los casos, reduce el tamaño de la apertura vesical, acorta los tiempos operatorios, disminuye los síntomas irritativos y minimiza los riesgos de dehiscencia y fuga (AU)

Objectives: Repair of vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) by laparoscopy provides excellent exposure, which facilitates their implementation through small cystotomy. In some cases is difficult to locate the fistula without the prior opening of the bladder. We present a maneuver using vaginal transillumination to locate the fistula and to reduce the size of the opening bladder during laparoscopic repair without intentional cystotomy. Material and methods: A total of 4 patients with supra-trigonal FVV produced post-hysterectomy received laparoscopic repair. All patients underwent physical examination, dye test, urethrocystoscopy and intravenous pyelography. Fistula was located using a cystoscope inserted through vagina and placed over the fistula. The emitted light guide laparoscopic dissection in to the plane between the vagina and the bladder just above the fistula, without previous intentional cystotomy. Results: The mean age of patients was 42 (38-47) years. Bladder opening size did not reach 2cm. The mean operative time was 160 (120-186) minutes and catheterization time was 10 days. There were no recurrences. Conclusions: The laparoscopic repair of VVF without intentional cystotomy, by direct dissection of the fistulous tract guided by vaginal transillumination is effective; because it quickly locates the fistula in all cases, reduces the size of the bladder opening, shortens operative times and reduces irritative symptoms (AU)