[Purple drank: A dangerous cocktail]. / Purple drank : un dangereux cocktail à connaître.

"Purple drank" is a dangerous hallucinogenic cocktail commonly used by teenagers, made popular by American rappers and social networks. It combines codeine-based cough syrup, antihistamines such as promethazine, and soda. Unknown by caregivers, it may be responsible for serious neuropsychological complications. We report the effects of this new risky behavior in three patients: a 14-year-old girl and her boyfriend, both found in an initial state of drowsiness, followed by hallucinations and anticholinergic toxidrome; and another teenager whose chronic use led to addiction with increasing doses. It is important to identify signs of such intoxication and to inform patients about the risks of respiratory depression, drowsiness, and delirium linked to acute medication misuse.

How does the European common lizard, Lacerta vivipara, survive the cold of winter?

Although the European common lizard, Lacerta vivipara, is among the most common Eurasian reptile species, we know little about how these lizards cope with very low temperatures. In this study we examined microenvironmental conditions, body temperature, behavior, and cold strategies to see whether strategies of freezing and supercooling, while normally considered to be mutually exclusive, may in fact be adopted simultaneously by the common lizard. Following up on an earlier study of a lowland population, this time we used a mountain population (850 m) to discover differences in overwintering strategies between the two populations. Differential scanning calorimetry conducted during the hibernation period (vs. the activity period) showed that the blood of highland lizards had an increased ability to resist ice formation, confirming an ecophysiological effect most likely mediated by physical properties of the blood. Mean blood glucose level of unfrozen L. vivipara in the field increased significantly (about fourfold) from 8.5+/-0.7 mmol l(-1) in September to 33.2+/-5.6 mmol l(-1) in March. The blood glucose level then experienced a significant decline as it fell to 6. 2+/-0.8 mmol l(-1) after hibernation in April. Glucose, in conclusion, seems to play a role of cryoprotectant rather than antifreeze.