Influence of dental filling material type on the concentration of interleukin 9 in the samples of gingival crevicular fluid.

Background/Aim: Several cytokines and lymphokines (IL1ß, ENA78, IL6, TNFα, IL8 and S100A8) are expressed during dental pulp inflammation. Analysis of gingival crevicu-lar fluid (GCF) offers a non-invasive means of studying gen-eral host response in oral cavity. Although GCF levels of various mediators could reflect the state of inflammation both in dental pulp and gingiva adjacent to a tooth, GCF samples of those without significant gingivitis could be inter-preted as reflection of pulpal process. The aim of this study was to investigate IL9 GCF values in patients with dental car-ies and to assess possible influence of various dental fillings materials on local IL9 production. Methods: The study group included 90 patients, aged 18­70, with inclusion and exclusion criteria in the prospective clinical study. Of the 6 types of material used for the restoration of prepared cavities, 3 were intended for temporary and 3 for definitive restora-tion. According to dental fillings weight, all the participants were divided into 3 groups: those with fillings lighter than 0.50 g, those with 0.50­1.00 g, and those with fillings heavier than 1.00 g. Samples were taken from gingival sulcus using the filter paper technique. Clinical parameters were deter-mined by bleeding index, plaque index (Silness-Lou, 0­3), gingival index (0­3), and gingival sulcus depth. Cytokine con-centrations were assessed using commercially available cy-tomix. Results: According to the weight of dental fillings, there was a clear decreament trend of IL9 values meaning that dental defects greater than 1.00 g of dental filling were associated with lower GCF IL9 concentration. The IL9 val-ues correlated with the degree of gingival index and depth of gingival sulcus, being higher with more advanced gingivitis and more pronounced anatomical changes in the tooth edge. Different filling materials exerted various local IL9 responses. Zink polycarbonate cement and amalgam fillings induced a significant and long-lasting local IL9 decrement, while the use of Tetric EvoCeram and GMA-BISK significantly increased IL9 levels. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that IL9 GCF could be regarded as a measure of odontoblasts' re-sponse to the extensity of dental caries. The type of material used for dental fillings could profoundly alter biological func-tion of gingival and pulpal cells. Also, the results obtained in this study suggest that some materials could even enhance wound repair by modulating macrophage activation.

[Significance of pathohistological findings and the expression of Bcl-2 in diagnosis and treatment of oral planocellular carcinoma].

BACKGROUND/AIM: Numerous studies were aimed to detect and characterize various tumor markers in patients with oral planocellular carcinoma in order to reduce moratlity and mobidity rates of these patients, as well as to establish the correlation between the expression of specific tumor marker and prognostic outcome. The aim of this study was to determine patohistological characteristics of tumor and peritumor tissue in patients with oral planocellular carcinoma, with special regard to the expression of Bcl-2, as well as to point out the significance of clinicomorphological correlations for clinical use. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with oral planocellular carcinoma, stage II and III, were examined. The patients were surgically treated for this condition at the Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade. Surgical specimens were obtained from both tumor and peritumoral tissues. Patohistologic degree of tumor differentiation and the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 were determinated for each specimens. RESULTS: Twenty-four (39%) patients had tumor dimension T1, while six (9%) and thirty-two (52%) patients had tumor dimension T2 and T3, respectively. Patohistologic analysis of peritumor connective, fat, muscle and bone tissue samples confirmed the presence of tumor infiltration. The expression of Bcl-2 in peritumor tissue samples correlated significantly with tumor's histologic grade (rho = 0.468; p < 0.001), nuclear grade (rho = 0.430; p < 0.001) and nucleocytoplasmic ratio (rho = 0.410; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the expression of Bcl-2 in combination with patohistologic findings could have a prognostic value in patients with oral planocellular carcinoma.

Peripheral ostectomy with the use of Carnoy's solution as a rational surgical approach to odontogenic keratocyst: a case report with a 5-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a rare developmental, epithelial and benign cyst of the jaws of odontogenic origin with high recurrence rates. The third molar region, especially the angle of the mandible and the ascending ramus are involved far more frequently than the maxilla. The choice of treatment approach was based on the size of the cyst, recurrence status, and radiographic evidence of cortical perforation. Different surgical treatment options like marsupialization, decompression, enucleation, enucleation with Carnoy's solution, peripheral ostectomy with or without Carnoy's solution, and jaw resection have been discussed in the literature with variable rates of recurrence. CASE REPORT: We presented a 52-year-old male with orthokeratinized odontogenic keratocyst. Elliptical unilocular radiolucency located in the third molar region and the ascending ramus of the mandible, 40 x 25 mm in diameter with radiographic evidence of cortical perforation at the anterior ramus border of the mandible 20 mm in diameter, was registrated on orthopantomographic radiography. Surgical treatment included enucleation of the cyst and peripheral ostectomy with the use of Carnoy's solution and excision of the overlying attached mucosa. Postoperatively, no paresthesia in the inervation area of the inferior alveolaris nerve was registrated. Recurrences were not registrated within 5 years post-intervention. CONCLUSION: Treatment of odontogenic keratocyst with enucleation and peripheral ostectomy with the use of Carnoy's solution and excision of the overlying attached mucosa had a very low rate of recurrence. Radical and more aggressive surgical treatments as jaw resection should be reserved for multiple recurrent cysts and when OKC is associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). Following the treatment protocol in the management of OKC and systematic and long-term postsurgical follow-up are considered key elements for successful results.