Psychosocial behavioral patterns for adolescents.

Among the many formative issues in adolescents, determinants for health behaviors are being shaped. The development of positive oral health behavior in adolescents is a complex process. Areas specifically related to oral health include self-concept and its relation-ship to oral health and compliance with orthodontic care; tobacco use; special considerations including anorexia, bulimia, and troubled youths; and health promotions. Knowledge is necessary, but there must also be shifts in attitudes and the development of health-related behaviors. Establishing these attitudes and behaviors in adolescence is crucial, because patterns of behavior developed in adolescence can form the basis for future health.

The congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor. Part 1: esthetic judgment of treatment options.

AIM: To determine how general dentists, orthodontists, combined dental specialists, and laypeople judged the relative attractiveness of a series of photographs of teeth that included cases with congenitally missing incisors to compare the esthetic appeal of various treatment options. METHODS: The photographs included cases with Maryland bridges, dental implants, and orthodontic substitution of the lateral incisors with the canines. Cases with no missing teeth were included as controls. The subjects rated each photograph independently, assigning a number between 1 and 5 for each of a series of 7 bipolar adjectives. Each photograph was given an overall score from 7 (best) through 35 (worst) for use in statistical analysis (ANOVA). RESULTS: Results indicated that general dentists, orthodontists, combined dental specialists, and laypeople differed in their evaluations of the photographs, which represented multiple treatment options for congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors. CONCLUSIONS: Including esthetics of the finished result as an advantage or disadvantage for either restoration or canine substitution of the lateral incisors could be misleading to the patient because the judgment of esthetics of a smile can vary from one person to another or from one dental professional to another, as indicated in this study.

The congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor. Part 2: assessing dentists' preferences for treatment.

AIM: To (1) determine if there are different preferences among general dentists, a combined group of dental specialists, and orthodontists concerning whether a patient with congenitally missing lateral incisors should have the teeth restored or if the canines should be orthodontically moved into the position of the missing teeth; (2) determine the role that esthetics and function of the final result has on the respondents' treatment preferences; and (3) compare the respondents' opinions about treatment preferences to their rankings of esthetics reported in part 1. METHODS: The questionnaire accompanied the photographic evaluation in part 1. Percentages were computed and chi-squares were used to compare response patterns. RESULTS: Compared to orthodontists, a significantly greater percentage of general dentists and combined dental specialists would restore the lateral incisors and would do so primarily for esthetic reasons. Interestingly, for those dental professionals who responded that the missing teeth should be restored, many did not rank any photograph of a restorative option as the best option. CONCLUSIONS: Dental professionals should attempt to eliminate their personal opinions when recommending treatment options for a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor because discrepancies exist between the treatment result judged as most esthetic and the one most likely to be recommended.

Evaluation of compressed air used in the dental operatory.

BACKGROUND: The authors report the findings obtained when they quantitatively examined compressed air samples from air-water syringes located in different dental operatories at the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry fo r the presence of microbial contaminants. METHODS: Streams of air of 30 seconds' duration from air-water syringes were forced through sterile modified stainless steel membrane filter holders (Millipore, Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.), each containing a membrane filter (average pore diameter = 0.45 micrometers). Each filter was aseptically removed, placed onto the surface of a Petri dish containing sheep blood agar and incubated under increased carbon dioxide tension at 37 C for 48 hours. The authors performed a count of the resultant microbial colonies, after which they microscopically examined the gram-stained organisms. RESULTS: Bacteria were detected in 24 percent of the samples. The number of colonies observed on the filters varied among the dental units. The air from only one of the dental units sampled repeatedly was found to be free of bacterial contaminants. This contrasted with other units for which one or more samples were found to be positive for microorganisms. The majority of colonies observed were pigmented. Microscopic examination of organisms from representative colonies revealed that most were either gram-positive cocci or gram-negative diplococci and tetrads. The results of the one-sample t test were found to be significant (t = 5.6, df = 98, P = .0001). The 95 percent confidence interval was 0.15 to 0.32. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that, at least statistically, a percentage of air lines will have bacteria present.