Incidence and Prevalence of Head and Neck Pathological Spectrum in a Pediatric Population.

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of pediatric pathologies and their distribution according to age, gender, site and types of lesions reported over a period of 2004 - 2019 in two prominent Dental Colleges at Western UP, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All the cases of pediatric pathology were retrospectively analyzed and reviewed that reported in the Department of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery of 2 prominent dental colleges of Western UP, India. All consecutive patients (< 18 years), between 2004 to 2019, histologically diagnosed as having an intraosseous tumor or tumor-like lesions and cystic lesion, vascular lesions, patients with space infections and hardware infection formed the study population. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were only considered for further study. The study was granted an exemption by the institutes. The entire study material was analyzed and grouped into prominent categories for logical conclusions: The accumulated data was grouped, entered, and analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred two cases fulfilled the criteria. Gender distribution was equal, with mandible predominance and a predominance of non-odontogenic lesions. There were 4 malignant and 57 benign conditions. There were 23 lesions in the anterior jaw and 38 lesions were present in the posterior jaw. CONCLUSION: The pattern of pediatric pathology presentation from this part of India has been documented. In this study, the pediatric jaw tumors are less common compared to those in adult jaw tumors with non-odontogenic tumors being more common.

Cementoblastoma associated with the primary second molar: An unusual case report.

Cementoblastoma is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm of jaws mostly occurring in younger age group. Here, we present a case of swelling associated with deciduous second molar. Based on the clinical and radiographic features, a provisional diagnosis of cementoblastoma was made. The lesion was surgically removed along with the associated tooth and confirmed as cementoblastoma histopathologically. A 1-year follow-up showed no recurrence.

Ramus Condyle Unit Reconstruction Using Vertical Ramus Osteotomy in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis.

INTRODUCTION: Treatment of bony Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Ankylosis includes release of the ankylosis and creation of a gap with or without insertion of interposing material and complete reconstruction of the joint using e.g. costochondral, autogenous coronoid/ankylosed mass, sternoclavicular, clavicular bone grafts etc. As these are non-pedicled grafts, there is eventual resorption with subsequent decrease in height of the ramus, facial asymmetry, deviated mouth opening and reankylosis. The authors have applied the method of vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO) on the posterior border of the mandibular ramus for reconstruction of the ramus condyle unit (RCU) as a pedicled graft along with Myofascial Temporalis Interposition for the correction of TMJ Ankylosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients of TMJ Ankylosis were included in this study. All ten patients were treated using VRO for the RCU reconstruction with posterior border of mandibular ramus after Gap Arthroplasty. Temporalis myofascial flap was used as an interpositional material in all patients. Patients were followed from 20 to 30 months (mean 24 months). RESULTS: As a result of successful procedure the post-operative maximal mouth opening of 32-45 mm (mean 37 mm) was achieved. No patient experienced pain and infection at surgical site. None of the patients had graft rejection and reankylosis at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The results showed that VRO on the posterior border of the mandibular ramus seems to be an alternative and promising method for RCU reconstruction in patients with TMJ Ankylosis.

Expression and Significance of Cadherins and Its Subtypes in Development and Progression of Oral Cancers: A Review.

Cadherins are a family of transmembranous glycoproteins responsible for calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion. Absence or loss of function of E-cadherin leads to the disappearance of epithelial characteristics of the cells and generates higher invasiveness for extracellular matrices. That is why cadherin expression is considered to be a decisive indicator for differentiation, aggressive behaviour, high proliferation, metastasis, poor prognosis and invasiveness of human carcinoma cells. In this review, the role of cadherin expression was focused on, both in development and carcinogenesis, paying particular attention to mechanisms involved in its down-regulation. The elements common to this process in both physiological and pathological situations was analysed, particularly in relation to one of the most common malignancy, oral squamous cell carcinoma.