Parameters Affecting the Kidney Size in Individuals without Known Renal Pathology: an Ultrasonographic Study.

Background:Renal size can be affected by various causal elements such as age, sex, and demographic characteristics. It is crucial for medical professionals to consider these factors when making clinical decisions. The purpose of this investigation was to establish normograms for renal measurements and explore their association with the anthropometric variables in the natives of Northern India. Methods:A total of 105 individuals with presumed healthy kidneys were enrolled in the present study. Kidney length, width and parenchymal thickness were measured, and data were analysed to identify potential differences related to age, gender and side. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between kidney measurements and body biometrics, including body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA). Results:Mean values for kidney length, width and parenchymal thickness in the 209 kidneys analysed were as follows: right kidney - length 10.65 ± 1.34 cm, width 4.5 ± 0.42 cm and parenchymal thickness 0.91 ± 0.16 cm; left kidney - length 10.7 ± 1.69 cm, width 4.78 ± 1.26 cm and parenchymal thickness 0.76 ± 0.40 cm. Thickness showed significant differences between the right and left kidneys. No significant differences in renal parameters were found between males and females. Analysis based on age groups revealed an increase in renal length and thickness with advancing age, while width decreased in the middle age group (31-40 years) and then increased. Weak positive correlations were observed between kidney parameters and body height, body weight, BSA, and BMI. Conclusion:Renal parameters can vary among different populations depending on age, demographic characteristics, and ethnicity. Therefore, relying on commonly cited values for renal sonographic interpretation or clinical decision-making may not be appropriate. Interpreting renal measurements should be based on reference data specific to the studied population.

Correlation of acromial morphology in association with rotator cuff tear: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: There have been many studies that have attempted to correlate radiographic acromial characteristics with rotator cuff tears, but the results have not been conclusive. Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are the common aetiology of shoulder pain. We assessed the association of rotator cuff tears with commonly used radiographic parameters of acromial morphology and their different radiographic characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a retrospective study of 98 patients, we characterised acromial type and measured acromial thickness (AT), critical shoulder angle (CSA), lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and acromion index (AI) on a 1.5T MRI, from 68 patients with partial or full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears and 30 controls without tears. RESULTS: Out the 68 patients with rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus was the most commonly affected tendon, with 86% (59) cases showing abnormalities. The average age of the patients was 45.11 ± 21.45 years with male dominance (80%). Partial tears of rotator cuff were more common than complete tears. Forty-eight cases showed partial tears in supraspinatus as compared to 11 cases of complete tears. The acromial type did not show any correlation with any particular cuff lesion. The AT and AI of controls were significantly smaller than cuff-tear patients. The LAA of cuff-tear patients was significantly different from that of control patients. The impingement patients demonstrated a significantly greater acromial thickness, larger CSA, decreased AHD, and decreased LAA than their control counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: A higher prevalence of rotator cuff tears and impingement associated with low lateral acromial angle, larger CSA and decreased AHD was observed. AT and AI have a direct correlation with rotator cuff tear.

Giant-cell tumour of proximal radius in a 50-year-old female with wrist drop: a rare case report.

Giant-cell tumour is a locally aggressive tumour of long bones of epiphyseal region commonly occurring in adults aged 20-40 years. Most common location is distal femur, proximal tibia, and distal radius. Different treatment options being used are curettage with bone graft or bone cement, resection with arthrodesis, reconstruction, radiation, and chemotherapy. We are reporting a case of giant-cell tumour of right proximal radius in a 50-year-old female with posterior interosseous nerve palsy. It is very rare, and only four cases have been reported in the literature. It was treated by wide margin resection with fibular grafting, titanium elastic nail system along with cancellous bone graft reconstruction.

Disseminated hydatidosis with rare presentation as "cystovesical fistula".

Disseminated hydatidosis is a rare disease and may involve any organ of the human body. In this case, an elderly female got infected by Echinococcus and presented with disseminated disease. A fistulous communication developed between one of the hydatid cysts present in the retrovesical region and the bladder, because of which the patient presented with hydatiduria.