ABSTRACT
Many experiments in atomic and molecular physics require simultaneous frequency stabilization of multiple lasers. We present a stabilization scheme based on a scanning transfer cavity lock that is simple, stable, and easily scalable to many lasers at minimal cost. The scheme is based on the Red Pitaya STEMlab platform, with custom software developed and implemented to achieve up to 100 Hz bandwidth. As an example demonstration, we realize simultaneous stabilization of up to four lasers and a reduction of long-term drifts to well below 1 MHz/h. This meets typical requirements, e.g., for experiments on laser cooling of molecules.
Subject(s)
Amyloidosis/complications , Arthritis, Reactive/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Amyloidosis/diagnosis , Amyloidosis/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Reactive/diagnosis , Arthritis, Reactive/drug therapy , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
Lipophilic amino acid methyl ester and methyl amide carbamates of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activity in PBMCs was determined. The methyl amides were more potent (EC50s = 1.8-4.0 microM) than the methyl esters (EC50s = 2.0-20 microM). Carbamate hydrolysis by cell lysates and liberation of AZT was not observed for representative methyl ester or methyl amide AZT carbamates. No evidence of direct inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase or integrase was observed.
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/chemical synthesis , Carbamates/chemical synthesis , HIV-1 , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Zidovudine/analogs & derivatives , Zidovudine/chemical synthesis , Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Carbamates/chemistry , Carbamates/pharmacology , Cell Line , Drug Stability , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/chemistry , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Stereoisomerism , Virus Replication/drug effects , Zidovudine/chemistry , Zidovudine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Actinomycotic mycetomas usually respond slowly to treatment with antibiotics. In an attempt to hasten clinical resolution, we used a 2-step regimen consisting of an intensive phase of therapy with penicillin, gentamycin and co-trimoxazole for 5-7 weeks, followed by maintenance therapy with amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole. Seven patients were treated, all of whom showed significant reduction in discharge and swelling after the intensive phase. Maintenance therapy was continued for 2-5 months after the lesions became completely inactive. Five patients completed maintenance therapy, which was given for 6-16 months (mean 10.7 months), and remained free of disease during a mean post-treatment follow-up period of 6.4 months. The other 2 patients also responded satisfactorily and continue to receive maintenance therapy. Side-effects necessitating a modification of the treatment schedule occurred in 2 patients but reversed on discontinuation of the drugs responsible. This treatment schedule produces a rapid clinical response during the initial, intensive phase and promotes compliance with the longer maintenance phase of treatment necessary to achieve a complete cure.
Subject(s)
Actinomycosis/drug therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination/therapeutic use , Mycetoma/drug therapy , Actinomycosis/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Humans , Long-Term Care , Male , Middle Aged , Mycetoma/diagnosis , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Oscillometric measurements of arterial blood pressure were compared with direct measurements made on seven dogs fitted with catheters. Tail and limb cuff sites were used while the dogs were gently restrained either standing or in lateral recumbency. The accuracy of the readings for the various cuff sites was compared with the direct (gold standard) readings. The accuracy of the indirect readings was improved by using mean values from a series of readings rather than individual values and when the dogs were in lateral recumbency rather than standing. The differences between the direct and indirect values were greatest with high pressures, and with systolic rather than diastolic values. In standing dogs, the proximal forelimb readings (when obtainable) correlated most closely with the direct readings. The tail cuff readings correlated significantly with the direct readings, though less closely. The tail cuff readings were the most easily recorded in the standing dogs. In the laterally recumbent dogs, the readings from all the cuff sites correlated closely with the direct values except for diastolic readings from the distal hindlimb.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure Determination/veterinary , Blood Pressure , Dogs/physiology , Animals , Blood Pressure Determination/methods , Diastole , Forelimb , Heart Rate , Hindlimb , Oscillometry , Posture , Reproducibility of Results , Systole , Telemetry/methods , Telemetry/veterinaryABSTRACT
Response of mucous cells, in the epidermis of the catfish Clarias batrachus, to a sublethal concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate was studied and correlated with the alteration in the status of their secretory activity after different durations of the treatment. At 4h, 8h, 24h, 48h and 72h of the detergent treatment, most mucous cells attained voluminous dimensions and appeared closely approximating to or even overlapping the adjacent ones. At 12h, 36h, and 60h, in contrast, the mucous cells appeared small and slender, and seemed to be located at greater intervals. These changes in dimensions were responsible for the apparent increase or decrease in the density of mucous cells after different durations of detergent treatment. Statistically, however, no significant change was observed in the total number of the mucous cells throughout the experiment. The mucous cells appeared enlarged towards the end of the experiment signifying increased mucus production. This is considered as an adaptation, for protection, assisting the fish to adjust to the changed environment. A shift in the histochemical nature of the secretory contents at the middle and basal parts of the mucous cells, from a mixture of neutral and acid glycoproteins to neutral glycoproteins, during the early stages of the treatment suggests that acid moities could not simultaneously be synthesized as an immediate response to enhanced mucous secretion. The apical parts of the mucous cells, however, showed no histochemical change throughout the experiment.