ABSTRACT
Cystine and urate calculi are considered nonradiopaque to faintly radiopaque. Two canine cases in which these types of calculi are radiopaque and clearly apparent in vivo on survey digital radiography are described. The densities of cystine and urate calculi, as determined in vitro with computed tomography, are compared to other pure calculi and mixed or compound calculi to further explore the relative attenuation characteristics.
Les calculs de cystine et d'urate purs peuvent être clairement visibles à l'aide de la radiographie numérique standard. Les calculs de cystine et d'urate sont considérés comme non radio-opaques à faiblement radio-opaques. Deux cas canins dans lesquels ces types de calculs sont radio-opaques et clairement apparents in vivo sur la radiographie numérique standard sont décrits. Les densités de calculs de cystine et d'urate, telles que déterminées in vitro par tomodensitométrie, sont comparées à d'autres calculs purs et des calculs mixtes ou composés pour explorer davantage les caractéristiques d'atténuation relatives.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Urinary Calculi , Animals , Cystine , Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Dogs , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Uric Acid , Urinary Calculi/veterinaryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if articulated joint distraction in the canine elbow can effectively maintain a distraction gap between the articular surfaces of the canine elbow under a weight-bearing load. STUDY DESIGN: An articulated external skeletal fixator with turnbuckles was applied to seven canine cadaveric elbow specimens. Specimens were potted and mechanically tested at 135° of flexion, while joint contact pressure was recorded at three locations within the elbow. Joint distraction was sequentially increased, and loads of 5 N, 90 N and 180 N were incrementally applied. This process was repeated until no pressure was recorded at each of the three locations within the elbow under 180 N of applied load. RESULTS: To achieve 0 N of joint contact force with 180 N of axial load, the average amount of distraction needed was 2.3 ± 0.71 mm (range, 1.8-3.6 mm) at the distal turnbuckles and 1.67 ± 1.10 mm (range, 1.8-2.7 mm) at the proximal turnbuckles. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that joint distraction can effectively decrease articular pressure within the canine elbow joint. A maximum of 3.6 mm of distraction between the fixator turnbuckles was necessary to eliminate joint contact for the construct tested. Clinical investigation is necessary to establish if articulated elbow joint distraction is a safe and effective for the treatment of canine elbow osteoarthritis.
