Mass animal sacrifice at casas del Turuñuelo (Guareña, Spain): A unique Tartessian (Iron Age) site in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula.

Zooarchaeological analyses of the skeletal remains of 52 animals unearthed in the courtyard of an Iron Age Tartessian building known as Casas del Turuñuelo (Badajoz, Spain) shed light on a massive sacrifice forming part of a series of rituals linked to the site's last period of activity and final abandonment. The rites took place towards the end of the 5th century BCE when both the building (intentionally destroyed) and the sacrificed animals were intentionally buried under a tumulus 90 m in diameter and 6 m high. The main objective of the zooarchaeological and microstratigraphic analyses was to determine the phasing of the sacrificial depositions. Evidence gathered from taphonomic assessments and a series of radiocarbon datings indicate that the sacrifices fall into three consecutive phases spanning several years. The findings of the zooarchaeological analyses clearly point to a selection of equid and cattle males. Adult equids predominate (MNI = 41) followed by adult and sub-adult cattle (MNI = 6). Pigs, in turn, are only represented by a few adults and sub-adult females (MNI = 4). Among the animals is a single dog of undetermined sex between 3 and 4 years of age. The fact that the animals are mostly adults discards the likelihood that they died from natural causes or an epidemic. In addition, the scenographic deposition of certain equids in pairs, as well as evidence of the burning of plant offerings, suggest an intentional ritualistic sacrifice. Nine of the initial depositions of Phase 1 in the SE quadrant were scattered and certain of their bones bear marks characteristic of both prolonged open air exposure and scavengers. Another 31 animals from Phases 1 and 2 are represented by almost complete, articulated skeletons, indicating they were promptly covered. Phase 3, by contrast, reveals both almost complete and partial animals bearing clear signs of processing for human consumption. This study thus sheds light on both the sequence of the animal sacrifices and the protocols linked to rites accompanied by the celebration of banquets. Certain features associated with the sealing of this building under a tumulus offer evidence of the decline of the Tartessian Culture. This study thus advances notions serving to contextualize ritual animal sacrifices in the framework of practice observed at other Iron Age sites in the Iberian Peninsula and elsewhere throughout Europe.

Femtosecond assisted keratopigmentation (FAK) with a 5-millimeter diameter aperture does not affect ocular examination.

AIM: to assess the feasibility of performing a screening of ocular pathologies after Femtosecond laser Assisted Keratopigmentation (FAK) procedure in normal eyes with the aid of multimodal imaging technologies. DESIGN: A Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty consecutive international patients (60 eyes) who underwent FAK for purely aesthetic reasons were chosen for this study. METHODS: Data from medical records of 30 consecutive patients were retrieved after performing tests 6 months after surgery. Clinical examinations were performed by three ophthalmologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main purpose of this study was to see if routine examinations are feasible in patients operated on by the FAK and if the results can be interpreted as easily as in non-operated patients. RESULTS: Sixty eyes of thirty consecutive patients that underwent a screening of ocular pathologies at 6 months post FAK were included. 60% were female and 40% were males. Mean age was 36 years +/- 12 years. Screening of ocular pathologies using multimodal imaging tests or clinical examination was performed without any difficulties in acquisition or interpretation in 100% of patients (n = 30) except the endothelial cell count of the corneal periphery which was not possible. The direct examination of the iris periphery was possible at the slit lamp through the translucid pigment. CONCLUSIONS: The screening of ocular pathologies after purely aesthetic FAK surgery is feasible, except for pathologies of the peripheral posterior cornea.

Out of sight, out of mind: participatory sensing for monitoring indoor air quality.

In southern Chile, epidemiological studies have linked high levels of air pollution produced by the use of wood-burning stoves with the incidence of numerous diseases. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study explores the potential of participatory sensing strategies to transform experiences, perceptions, attitudes, and daily routine activities in 15 households equipped with wood-burning stoves in the city of Temuco, Chile. The results suggest that the experience of using a low-cost sensor improves household members' awareness levels of air pollution. However, the information provided by the sensors does not seem to improve the participants' self-efficacy to control air quality and protect themselves from pollution. The high degree of involvement with the participatory sensing experience indicates that the distribution of low-cost sensors could be a key element in the risk communication policies.

Evaluación del Adolescente con Trastorno por Consumo de Sustancias en la Consulta Ambulatoria / Evaluation of Adolescent Outpatients with Substance Use Disorder: a Review

El abuso de sustancias en adolescentes es una patología de abordaje complejo que hace años constituye un problema de salud pública y cuyas cifras de prevalencia siguen aumentando en el tiempo. Es por esto que cada vez es más frecuente encontrarnos en el ámbito de la consulta psiquiátrica ambulatoria, con adolescentes que acuden, la mayoría de las veces acompañados por sus padres, debido a que existe una sospecha o la confirmación de un posible abuso de sustancias. Considerando las implicancias del tratamiento y pronóstico de este trastorno, esta primera consulta con el psiquiatra es una oportunidad valiosa para realizar una completa evaluación y ofrecer alternativas de tratamiento efectivas, así como también decidir respecto al nivel de atención que requiere el paciente para continuar su tratamiento. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo realizar una revisión narrativa respecto a la evaluación clínica ambulatoria de adolescentes con trastornos por consumo de sustancias, incluyendo los elementos necesarios a considerar para decidir el nivel de atención requerido para continuar la evaluación y tratamiento. Palabras clave: Adolescente, Trastorno por Consumo de Sustancias, Evaluación, Ambulatorio.

The adolescent substance abuse is a disease of complex approach that years constitutes a public health problem whose prevalence figures continue to rise over time. That is why it is increasingly common to find in the field of outpatient psychiatric consultation with adolescents attending, most often accompanied by their parents, because there is a suspicion or confirmation of a possible substance abuse. Considering the implications of treatment and prognosis of this disorder, this first consultation with the psychiatrist is a valuable opportunity to conduct a comprehensive assessment and provide effective treatment alternatives, as well as decide on the level of care that requires the patient to continue treatment . This paper presents a review of the literature regarding the considerations in ambulatory assessment of adolescents with substance use disorders, including the necessary elements to consider in deciding the level of care required for further evaluation and treatment.Key words: Adolescent, Substances Use Disorder, Evaluation, Outpatient.

Síndrome de shock tóxico postoperatorio / Postoperative toxic shock syndrome

La mayoría de los casos de síndrome se shock tóxico (SST) han sido descritos en relación al período menstrual. En los últimos años se han publicado un número creciente de cuadros asociados a infecciones de la piel, cesáreas o heridas quirúrgicas. En este trabajo se presentan 4 casos de SST postopereatorio que llenaron total o parcialmente los criterios de Chesney para definir un SST, de tal modo que 3 fueron catalogados como definidos y 1 como probable. El tratamiento se basó en el uso de antibióticos resistentes a la B-Lactamasa y terapia activa dirigida a las complicaciones. No hubo mortalidad en esta serie

Polipectomia endoscopica en el colon / Endoscopic polypectomy in the colon

Se presentan 98 polipectomias endoscopicas del colon, practicadas casi en su totalidad en forma ambulatoria, en 81 pacientes con edad promedio de 55 anos, realizadas en la Clinica de Marly y en el Centro Medico de los Andes, de la Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota, entre junio de 1980 y agosto de 1986. Se describe la metodologia utilizada, se presentan los resultados en cuanto a la localizacion de los polipos, a su tamano y a su clasificacion anatomopatologica y se discuten las indicaciones, las limitaciones y las complicaciones. Se presenta la remocion endoscopica de los polipos del colon, como la tecnica de eleccion para su manejo terapeutico definitivo, inclusive de aquellos en donde se haya desarrollado un Ca in situ.

Electro-reseccion endoscopica de heterotopias y tumores submucosos del tracto digestivo superior: presentacion de cuatro casos / Endoscopic technique for electro resection of upper gastrointestinal tract wall heterotopias and submucosal tumors: report of 4 cases

Se presentaron las indicaciones y la tecnica endoscopica para la electroreseccion de heterotopias y tumores submucosos localizados en la pared del tracto digestivo superior, como un avance adicional al de la polipectomia. Se describen cuatro casos de pacientes tratados con este procedimiento lograndose el diagnostico y el tratamiento definitivo sin complicaciones inmediatas ni tardias. Se propone el empleo de esta tecnica como tratamiento de eleccion en este tipo de patologia

Biopsia y absorcion intestinal en niños / Biopsy and intestinal absorption in children

Se practico estudio de mucosa yeyunal a 103 ninos de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre uno y seis anos, encontrandose atrofia significativa en el 22,3 del total, en cinco de veintiocho eutroficos, diez de 24 desnutridos moderados, cinco de 31 marasmaticos, en ninguno de 10 desnutridos con Kwashiorkor y en tres de diez con desnutricion mixta. Sesenta tuvieron cambios inespecificos (grado 1+). Se verificaron pruebas de absorcion de 35 ninos del sexo masculino (32 desnutridos y 3 eutroficos); hubo discreta malabsorcion en 21, de los cuales 13 tenian antecedente de diarrea. Se observaron longitudinalmente 4 desnutridos durante 4 a 6 meses en proceso de recuperacion nutricional con dieta balanceada; mejoraron todos sus parametros exceptuando la morfologia yeyunal. De los 35 ninos del sexo masculino, 15 estaban infestados con Giardia y Estrongiloides y de estos 5 no presentaron esteatorrea; las mayores esteatorrea y malabsorcion de D-Xilosa la presentaron aquellos con antecedentes de diarrea. Hubo cambios de atrofia de la mucosa yeyunal en 5 de los 15 parasitados. Se encontraron antecedentes de diarrea en 53 y 4 de estos ninos tuvieron los cambios mas severos...