How to Transform a Perforator Propeller Flap into a Keystone Flap in Case of Unsatisfying Perforator Vessel Local Perforator Flap Coverage in Limbs.

Moderate soft-tissue defects need stable coverage, ideally with tissue of similar characteristics and low donor site morbidity. We propose a simple technique for the coverage of moderate skin defects in the limbs. It allows intraoperative transformation of a propeller perforator flap (PPF) into a keystone design perforator flap (KDPF) in cases of unsatisfying perforator vessel or in cases of unpredictable intraoperative events. Between March 2013 and July 2019, nine patients with moderate soft-tissue defects (mean defect size 4.5 × 7.6 cm) in the limbs (two on the upper limbs and seven on the lower limbs) were covered using this technique. We performed four PPFs and five KDPFs. The mean follow-up was 5 months. There was one complication, partial distal tip necrosis in a PPF located in the leg, which healed by secondary intention within 3 weeks. The donor site was closed directly in all cases. No functional impairments were noted regardless of the perforator flap utilized. This technique enables us to employ flexible surgical strategies and allows us to make adjustments based on the patient's vascular anatomy.

[Dermatologic adverse events of the new targeted anticancer therapies used in oncodermatology]. / Toxicité dermatologique des nouvelles thérapies ciblées anticancéreuses utilisées en oncodermatologie.

The management of oncology patients has been deeply modified over recent years by the development of new targeted anticancer therapies. Though these new therapies generally have a good safety profile, the skin is probably the organ most affected by their toxicity, in terms of frequency and symptom diversity. This review describes the most frequent cutaneous side effects induced by the new targeted therapies used in oncodermatology, whether they are well-established drugs such as EGF receptor inhibitors (cetuximab, erlotinib) or imatinib, or new treatments for metastatic melanoma such as selective BRAF (vemurafenib) or MEK inhibitors (selumetinib) and CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies (ipilimumab).

[Evidence-based medicine and prevention of thrombosis in microsurgery. Critical review]. / Médecine factuelle et prévention de la thrombose en microchirurgie. Revue critique de la littérature.

Prevention of thrombosis in microsurgery was the point of numerous publications without any referenced protocol. The question of this article was to know if it existed, for a patient who needed a microsurgical procedure, any medical treatment used, proved to lower the thrombotic risk. Using principles of evidence-based medicine, we observed that none of the medical treatments proved efficiency on preventing vascular thrombosis, arterial or venous. The low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) could be used on postoperatives to prevent the deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs but not to lower specially the microvascular thrombosis rate. Aspirin did not improve the positive rates and its adjunction to LMWH increased the bleeding. The evidence-based medicine, as we used it here, permits to conclude that the microsurgeon should not wait any miracle of the medical treatments. Until scientific studies prove efficacity of a treatment, the surgeon has to make a personal choice: keeping habits or following evidence-based medicine. The experience of the surgeon, of the anesthetist and of the paramedical team seem to be the main point to decrease the thrombotic risk during the multidisciplinary healing care of the patient.

[Multicentric study of thrombosis prevention in upper-extremity microsurgery. Survey at the Fesum centers]. / Etude multicentrique sur la prévention de la thrombose en microchirurgie du membre supérieur. Enquête auprès de la Fesum.

Thrombosis is still the first cause of microsurgery failure. Lots of publications have been made but no consensus exists. We first analysed the results of our study in 53 French expert surgeons, then we compared them with the last published datas, most of all, with the similar surveys. If a big majority (81 %) of the surgeons use a preventing method, we observed majors variations between them and also compared to the anglosaxons surgeons habits. This survey permits to make the point on today's practice and to show that some of them are based on low proof level and something even done without any medical references. After datas analysis, we observed that none of the medical treatments proved efficiency on preventing vascular thrombosis. The low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) could be used on postops without increase bleeding but not to lower specially the microvascular thrombosis rate. Aspirin did not improve the positive rates and its adjonction to LMWH increased the bleeding. Until scientific studies prove efficacy of a treatment, the surgeon has to make a personal choice: keeping habits or following evidence-based medicine.

[Systematic neck dissection in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity]. / Evidement cervical systématique dans les cancers épidermoïdes de la cavité orale.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the neck control after prior surgical management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and to quantify the ratio of patients among whom neck dissection did not have a real therapeutic value. To discuss the usefulness of the sentinel node biopsy in this group of patients. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity who had systematically a neck dissection. RESULTS: Thirty-nine files of patients have been processed. We found 45% patients classified pN0 (among whom about one half where classified pT4). With a mean follow-up of 19 months, we did not find any cervical lymph node relapse. Five patients died (13.5%) without any cervical disease. CONCLUSION: The systematic cervical lymph node dissection remains the most effective means to obtain the neck control of squamous cell cancers of the oral cavity. It however was applied without therapeutic value for 45% of the patients of this series. The validation of the sentinel node concept as a method of cervical staging should make it possible to avoid this surgical procedure in more than one third of the cases.

[Silicone or saline - filled implants for breast augmentation?]. / Critères intervenant dans le choix entre prothèse préremplie au gel de silicone et prothèse remplie au sérum physiologique en chirurgie mammaire d'augmentation.

The use is to oppose silicone and saline implants. Both are used in regular practice. What are the arguments to choose in between the two types? We separated three different criteria groups: prosthesis characteristics, surgical procedures and complications. For each criterion we made a review of literature looking for arguments in favour or against silicone or saline implants. The number of criteria to choose the correct type of prosthesis is very important. We conclude that surgeon experience; desires of the patient and evolution of prosthesis are the most important criteria.