Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Revealing Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report.

Paraneoplastic neurologic degeneration (PND) manifests as a sudden or subacute neurological syndrome often linked to underlying cancer, either overt or subclinical. Within the spectrum of PND, subacute paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) represents a distinctive subset. While rare, prompt diagnosis holds the potential to ameliorate both neurological and oncological outcomes. Herein, we present the case of a 61-year-old patient diagnosed with subacute cerebellar degeneration, ultimately unveiling non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Exceptional Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma.

Despite being a rare occurrence, multiple myeloma (MM) has been reported as an alternative cause of pleurisy, with approximately 50 documented cases in the literature so far. In this case report, we present the clinical scenario of a patient who sought medical attention due to symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain, and weight loss. Through a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, it was determined that the patient's pleural involvement was attributable to MM, a hematological malignancy. This case highlights the importance of considering MM as a potential etiology in patients presenting with pleural manifestations, even in settings where tuberculosis is the prevailing cause.

Mammary sarcoidosis: A rare case report.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory, systemic, idiopathic disease characterized by multisystem involvement, of which mediastinal and pulmonary involvement is the most frequent. Mammary sarcoidosis is exceptional. Case presentation: We report the case of a 50-year-old, diagnosed with mediastinal and mammary sarcoidosis. Therapeutic abstention with clinical and radiological surveillance was recommended. The evolution was marked by a clear improvement (clinical and radiological). Discussion: Mammary sarcoidosis is a rare anatomical and clinical entity which poses a problem of differential diagnosis with other granulomatous diseases and especially with breast carcinoma. The coexistence of systemic manifestations should lead to the discussion of sarcoidosis. Conclusion: Mammary sarcoidosis involvement is rare and is manifested by a mass with a smooth or spiculated border, requiring the exclusion of malignancy.

Cannonball Pulmonary Opacities Disclosing a Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (GPA) With C-Antimyeloperoxidase (C-Anti-MPO) Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibodies (ANCAs).

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of medium- and small-caliber vessels associated with the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCAs) and antibodies specific for proteinase 3 (anti-PR3). The interest of this case lies on the fact that these antibodies are directed against myeloperoxidase revealed by the presence of scattered multiple pulmonary nodules. We report a 65-year-old-female patient who presented with a productive cough with mucus sputum associated with a cephalea for six months. The chest x-ray showed multiple pulmonary nodules, first suggesting a neoplastic origin. The initial etiological assessment was non-contributory. A month later, the patient developed pulmonary condensations and ocular signs. The etiological assessment then found ANCA anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO)-GPA. A good knowledge of the clinical and radiological signs of GPA is important to quickly guide the diagnosis that will condition the prognosis of this disease.

Unexplained Pleural Effusion Leads to the Revelation of a Malignant Mesothelioma: A Case Report.

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that usually affects subjects with prior asbestos exposure, a major risk factor that has been widely known as carcinogenic, and its use is now controlled if not banned in many areas of the world. Malignant mesothelioma originates from mesothelial surface cells covering the serous cavities, and the pleura is its most common site. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) typically presents with pleural effusion and chest wall pain with wide pleural thickening at radiological investigation. Although the histological examination along with immunohistochemistry helps yield the diagnosis, clinicians and experts face many challenges in diagnosing malignant mesothelioma not only due to the rarity of the disease but also due to the similarities that the disease share with other malignancies. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old male patient with a history of chronic asbestos work exposure for 12 years who initially presented with unexplained pleural effusion and chest wall pain and was lost to follow-up but came back later with a worsening clinical state. This case is specially presented to raise awareness against cases of unexplained pleural effusion and chest pain.

Exceptional association of hepatic and pancreatic tuberculosis mimicking metastatic pancreatic neoplasia: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of tuberculosis in the world and especially in endemic areas such as Morocco, isolated hepatic and pancreatic tuberculosis and pancreatic tuberculosis remain rare and pose a real diagnostic problem. Case presentation: We report a case illustrating an exceptional association of pancreatic tuberculosis with hepatic tuberculosis in a 44-year-old immunocompetent woman, in whom the presence of a pancreatic mass on imaging suggested a neoplastic origin. The diagnosis was rectified after bacteriological and pathological study of the CT-guided percutaneous biopsy specimens. Discussion: The symptomatology of pancreatic and hepatic tuberculosis is unspecific and polymorphic and can mimic any intra-abdominal pathology. Abdominal ultrasound is often the first imaging modality used. The diagnosis of certainty is bacteriological.The treatment of pancreatic and hepatic tuberculosis is identical to the other extrapulmonary tuberculosis. the anti-bacillary drugs are the gold standard. Surgery is reserved for complicated forms. Conclusion: The diagnosis of hepatic and pancreatic tuberculosis is a challenge for the clinician. The treatment is usually medical and based on antituberculosis treatment; surgery may be necessary in case of complications.

Macrophagic activation syndrome revealing disseminated multifocal tuberculosis: A case report of a rare clinical situation.

Introduction: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare but serious entity, sometimes triggered by an infectious agent, in particular by certain viruses or mycobacteria. Forms of tuberculosis complicated by MAS frequently occur in immunocompromised subjects. The disease is often disseminated, severe, and has a poor prognosis. Case presentation: We report a case of MAS complicating disseminated tuberculosis and revealing HIV in a previously healthy young patient. Discussion & conclusion: The management of macrophage activation syndrome related to tuberculosis is complex and not codified. On the one hand, the immunosuppressive treatment allows to slow down the macrophage activation syndrome and obtain a correction of cytopenia. On the other hand, there is a risk of aggravating tuberculosis by increasing the patient's immunodepression.