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Introducción: Las enfermedades periodontales tienen efectos locales y sistémicos sobre algunas enfermedades sistémicas. Propósito: Identificar cambios después de una jornada informativa preventiva sobre la relación de las EP y las enfermedades sistémicas en un ambiente universitario de carreras del área de la salud. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal no analítico cuyo objeto de estudio fue el cambio de la información obtenida por los participantes de una jornada de educación en salud en una muestra no aleatoria de 264 individuos de facultades de salud diferentes a odontología quienes recibieron encuestas "antes y después". Las variables de los cambios en los conocimientos se evaluaron mediante una escala Likert. Resultados: Antes de la estrategia, el 51,6% consideraban poco importante o que podría ser importante la salud oral como estilo de vida saludable vs un 99.2% al final. El 67.8 % de los sujetos, consideraban que la enfermedad periodontal no compartía factores de riesgo con condiciones sistémicas vs un 92.9%. Se incrementó de un 67.75% a 93.2% el reconocimiento del control del riesgo periodontal como estrategia para incidir en las enfermedades sistémicas. Conclusión: Una estrategia educativa sensibilizar positivamente sobre la importancia de la prevención de las enfermedades periodontales y las condiciones sistémicas.
Introduction: Periodontal diseases have local and systemic effects on some systemic diseases. Purpose: Identify changes after a preventive information session on the relationship between PD and systemic diseases in health faculties. Materials and methods: Non-analytical cross-sectional study whose object was the change in the information obtained by the participants of a health education session in a non-random sample of 264 individuals from health faculties other than dentistry who received "before and after" surveys. The variables were evaluated using a Likert scale. Results: Before the strategy, 51.6% considered oral health to be important for a healthy lifestyle vs. 99.2% at the end of the session. 67.8% of the subjects considered that periodontal disease shared risk factors with systemic conditions before the session vs. 92.9% after it. The recognition of periodontal risk control as a strategy to influence systemic diseases increased from 67.75% to 93.2%. Conclusion: An educational strategy raises a positive awareness of the importance of preventing periodontal diseases and systemic conditions.
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Bacterial adhesion to the surface of materials is the first step in biofilm formation, which will lead to conditions that may compromise the health status of patients. Recently, polydopamine (PDA) has been proposed as an antibacterial material. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to assess and compare the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) discs that were modified using PDA following a biomimetic approach versus smooth PDA-coated PMMA surfaces. In addition, an assessment of the growth inhibition by PDA was performed. PMMA discs were manufactured and polished; soft lithography, using the topography from the Crocosmia aurea leaf, was used to modify their surface. PDA was used to smooth-coat PMMA discs by dip-coating. The growth inhibition was measured using an inhibition halo. The surfaces were characterized by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the contact angle (CA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Polydopamine exhibited a significant antibacterial effect when used directly on the S. mutans planktonic cells, but such an effect was not as strong when modifying the PMMA surfaces. These results open the possibility of using polydopamine to reduce the adhesion and growth of S. mutans, which might have important consequences in the dental field.
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Background: Tomato is a source of bioactive compounds, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. Tomato leaf preparations have been empirically used for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic, and antiseptic purposes. However, research on the potential activity of tomato leaf extracts against oral microorganisms and in managing oropharyngeal infections is scarce. Objective: To investigate tomato leaf ethanolic extract's antioxidant and growth inhibitory capacity against common oral pathogenic microorganisms, namely, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans.Methods: Ethanolic extracts were made from 'Chonto' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves. The antimicrobial activity was measured with the microdilution technique using vancomycin and fluconazole as positive controls. The antioxidant capacity was measured with the ORAC assay using Trolox as a positive control. Results: We found a high percentage of growth inhibition (≥100%) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis at a concentration of 500 mg/L. However, the extract was ineffective in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. Finally, we observed that the extract exerted a high antioxidant capacity (126%) compared to the positive control. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the potential antimicrobial effect of tomato leaf extracts on common oral pathogenic bacteria, which may ultimately result in the development of new herbal products that might help prevent and treat oral infections, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Our findings also support previous studies on the high antioxidant capacity of tomato leaf extracts
Antecedentes: El tomate es una fuente de compuestos bioactivos, antimicrobianos y antioxidantes. Las hojas de tomate se han utilizado empíricamente con fines antiinflamatorios, analgésicos, antibióticos y antisépticos. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre la actividad de los extractos de hojas de tomate contra los microorganismos orales y en el manejo de las infecciones orofaríngeas son escasos. Objetivo: Investigar la capacidad antioxidante del extracto etanólico de la hoja de tomate y su actividad inhibitoria de crecimiento contra microorganismos patógenos orales comunes, a saber, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis y Candida albicans.Métodos: Se realizaron extractos etanólicos a partir de hojas de tomate 'Chonto' (Lycopersicon esculentum). La actividad antimicrobiana se midió con la técnica de microdilución utilizando vancomicina y fluconazol como controles positivos. La capacidad antioxidante se midió con el ensayo ORAC utilizando Trolox como control positivo. Resultados: Encontramos un alto porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento (≥100%) contra a S. mutans y P. gingivalis a una concentración de 500 mg/L. Sin embargo, el extracto fue ineficaz en la inhibición el crecimiento de C. albicans. Finalmente, observamos que el extracto tuvo una alta capacidad antioxidante (126%) en comparación con el control positivo. Conclusiones: Este estudio proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre el posible efecto antimicrobiano de los extractos de hojas de tomate en bacterias patógenas orales comunes, lo cual puede resultar en el desarrollo de nuevos productos naturales que podrían ayudar a prevenir y tratar infecciones orales, como la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal. Nuestros hallazgos también respaldan los estudios previos sobre la alta capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de hojas de tomate
Subject(s)
Humans , Antioxidants , Streptococcus mutans , Candida albicans , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Solanum lycopersicum , EthanolABSTRACT
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)-induced photobiomodulation (PBM) stimulates bone tissue regeneration by inducing osteoblast differentiation and mitochondrial activation. However, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to collect and analyze the available literature on the cellular and molecular effects of LLLT on osteoblasts and the role of ROS in this process. A search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies published in English over the past 15 years were selected. Fourteen articles were included with moderate (n = 9) and low risk of bias (n = 5). Thirteen studies reported the use of diode lasers with wavelengths (λ) between 635 and 980 nm. One study used an Nd:YAG laser (λ1064 nm). The most commonly used λ values were 808 and 635 nm. The energy densities ranged from 0.378 to 78.75 J/cm2, and irradiation times from 1.5 to 300 s. Most studies found increases in proliferation, ATP synthesis, mitochondrial activity, and osteoblastic differentiation related to moderate and dose-dependent increases in intracellular ROS levels. Only two studies reported no significant changes. The data presented heterogeneity owing to the variety of LLLT protocols. Although several studies have shown a positive role of ROS in the induction of proliferation, migration, and differentiation of different cell types, further research is required to determine the specific role of ROS in the osteoblastic cell response and the molecular mechanisms involved in triggering previously reported cellular events.
Subject(s)
Low-Level Light Therapy , Osteoblasts , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Cell Proliferation/radiation effects , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolismABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción y objetivo: la ortodoncia se considera una especialidad clínica ejercida tradicionalmente en el marco de la práctica liberal independiente, sin embargo, los cambios en las dinámicas del mundo laboral, ameritan realizar monitoreo permanente de condiciones laborales de graduados de especialidades odontológicas. Describir las condiciones laborales y la satisfacción con el ejercicio profesional de los graduados del programa de ortodoncia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Medellín. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal sobre el total de la población de graduados del programa. La información se recolectó a través de una encuesta. Se realizó análisis univariado para la descripción de la información y análisis bivariado para explorar asociaciones. Resultados: la frecuencia de respuesta fue del 65% y la totalidad de los participantes reportó un tiempo menor a 6 meses para su inserción laboral. Se estableció con mayor frecuencia contratación por prestación de servicios. En general, la satisfacción con el ejercicio profesional fue alta, sin embargo, un 39,4% reportó mediana o baja satisfacción con el tipo de contrato. El sexo se encontró asociado al número de horas laboradas semanalmente. Conclusiones: las condiciones de los graduados son favorables en ciertos aspectos, entre ellos, la inserción al mercado laboral en corto tiempo. Asimismo, los ingresos están en rango alto frente a los promedios del país, sin embargo, se requieren estudios que amplíen el análisis acerca de aspectos como el tipo de contratación, las horas laboradas y elementos de flexibilización laboral que pueden llevar a un deterioro progresivo del ejercicio profesional de los especialistas.
Abstract Introduction and objective: orthodontics is considered a clinical specialization that has been traditionally practiced in an independent fashion. However, working conditions for graduates from dental specialties need to be monitored due to dynamic changes of the working world. To describe the working conditions and level of satisfaction of graduates from the Orthodontics program at Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin campus. Materials and methods: transversal descriptive study that considered the total population of graduates from the program. Information was collected by the use of a previously validated survey. A univariate analysis for description of information and a bivariate analysis to explore possible associations were carried out. Results: frequency of response was 65% and the whole population reported finding a job within the first six months after graduation. Provision of services was the most frequent form of contract. In general, the level of satisfaction was high, but 39.4% of the population reported average or low satisfaction, especially regarding the type of contract. Gender was associated with number of weekly worked hours. Conclusions: conditions for graduates are favorable in some areas, including the fact that occupation was readily found. Likewise, income is high when compared to average salaries in the country. However, further studies are required to expand the analyses of different aspects, such as type of contract, working hours and elements of working flexibilization that might lead to a deterioration in the professional services provided by these specialists.
Resumo Introdução e objetivo: A ortodontia é considerada uma especialidade clínica exercida tradicionalmente no âmbito da prática liberal independente. Porém, as mudanças na dinâmica do mundo do trabalho merecem acompanhamento permanente das condições de trabalho dos graduados das especialidades odontológicas. Descrever as condições de trabalho e o grau de satisfação com a prática profissional dos graduados do programa de ortodontia da Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, campus de Medellín. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo sobre a população total de formados do programa. A informação foi recolhida através de um inquérito previamente validado. Foi realizada uma análise univariada para descrever a informação e uma análise bivariada para explorar associações. Resultados: A frequência de resposta foi de 65% com todos os participantes a relataram um tempo inferior de 6 meses para a sua inserção laboral. Foi determinada com maior frequência a contratação para prestação. Em geral, a satisfação com a prática profissional foi elevada, porém 39,4% relataram uma satisfação média ou baixa, especificamente com o tipo de contrato. O número de horas trabalhadas por semana foi associado ao sexo. Conclusões: As condições dos graduados são favoráveis em certos aspetos, entre os quais, a inserção no mercado de trabalho num curto espaço de tempo. Similarmente, os rendimentos estão num nível alto em comparação com as médias do país; contudo, são necessários mais estudos a fim de alargar a análise a aspectos como o tipo de contratação, as horas trabalhadas e os elementos de flexibilidade laboral que podem levar a uma deterioração progressiva na actividade profissional dos especialistas.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between AOB and factors such as dental arch dimensions and tongue position during swallowing and phonation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed in two groups: 132 children with Anterior Open Bite (AOB) and 132 with normal vertical overbite (NVO), aged 8-16 years selected from the records taken by a previous study from five public schools. Dental arch dimensions were assessed through digitalized study models. Swallowing was evaluated using the Payne technique, and phoniatric assessment included an adaptation of the articulation test used to describe phonemes. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-Square or Fisher's exact test for comparisons between qualitative variables and the Mann Whitney or T-student were applied to compare the dental arch dimensions according to bite type. A logistic regression model was applied to control the effect of confusion between independent variables and to describe its simultaneous effect on the type of bite. RESULTS: Intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths showed higher values in AOB patients with a mean deviation (MD) of 0.536 (P=0.031), 0.60 (P=0.043) and 1.15, (P<0.001) respectively. Distortions caused by tongue interposition and thrust, tongue protrusion during swallowing, mandibular arch intermolar width, total maxillary arch length, maxillary arch perimeter, and posterior arch depth accounted for 64.6% of AOB and allowed for correct predictions in 83.8% of the cases observed in the study population. CONCLUSIONS: A significant association between tongue position and function, as well as alterations such as tongue interposition and thrust during swallowing and phonation in individuals with AOB, were observed. There is a relationship between AOB and the presence of a wider mandibular arch and a narrower, longer, and deeper maxillary arch.
Subject(s)
Deglutition/physiology , Dental Arch/anatomy & histology , Open Bite , Phonation/physiology , Tongue/anatomy & histology , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Colombia , Dental Arch/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Malocclusion , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Open Bite/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , SchoolsABSTRACT
AIM: Dental arch is a dynamic structure and its size depends on genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine lower arch dimensions in children between 8 and 16 years with anterior open bite (AOB) and normal vertical overbite (NVO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 132 individuals with AOB and 132 with NVO between 8 and 16 years selected from public schools. Intercanine width, arch length, intermolar and interpremolar distances, and arch perimeter of the lower arch were measured in previously digitalized models using the GOM inspection program and an optical three-dimensional scanner. RESULTS: Individuals with NVO presented smaller lower arch size with statistical differences in intercanine (P = 0.024, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.02) and intermolar (P = 0.000, 95% CI: -1.76, -0.53) width and nonsignificant differences in the arch perimeter (P = 0.239, 95% CI: -1.57, 0.39) according to Mann-Whitney U-test. CONCLUSION: Individuals between 8 and 16 years of age with NVO showed smaller lower dental arch than individuals with AOB in most dimensions.
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Abstract Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection progressively destroys the immune system and increases the susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits and safety of zinc supplements at nutritional doses. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo control trial was performed in 40 adult patients that received either zinc sulfate or placebo daily during 12 weeks. The CD4 lymphocytes count was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated different clinical and epidemiological variables. Results: After the intervention, an increase ≥ 20% in CD4 lymphocytes was compared between groups; better response was observed in patients who received zinc (90% vs. 25%, p = 0.00), RR = 3.6 (95% CI 1.66; 7.8, p = 0.000) and reduction of relative risk of 74% compared to placebo. Conclusion: This clinical trial shows that patients who receive zinc sulfate supplement could increase the CD4 lymphocyte counting.
Resumen Introducción: la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana destruye progresivamente el sistema inmune, aumentando la susceptibilidad a infecciones oportunistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los beneficios y la seguridad de los suplementos de zinc en dosis nutricionales en pacientes diagnosticados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego en 40 pacientes adultos a quienes se suministró diariamente sulfato de zinc o placebo por 12 semanas. Se evaluó el recuento de linfocitos CD4 al inicio y al final de la intervención; además se evaluaron variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Resultados: Después de la intervención, se comparó entre los grupos un aumento ≥ 20% de los linfocitos CD4, observándose una mejor respuesta en los pacientes que recibieron zinc (90 % vs. 25 %, p = 0,00), RR = 3,6 (IC 95 % 1,66; 7,8, p = 0,000) y una reducción del riesgo relativo de 74 % en comparación con placebo. Conclusión: este estudio muestra que el sulfato de zinc puede mejorar los niveles de linfocitos CD4 en pacientes infectados con VIH.
