[Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in an HIV-negative patient]. / Encefalite a citomegalovírus em doente com vírus da imunodeficiência humana negativa.

Secondary immunodeficiences are associated with an increased incidence of infection and malignancy, as well with development of autoimmune disease. Immune system function is altered by many conditions, such as aging, malnutrition and mycobacterial infections. However, the treatment of the primary condition often results in the improvement of the immune compromise. The authors present a case of cytomegalovirus encephalitis and hepatitis, due to viral reactivation associated with development of secondary immunodeficience in an HIV-negative patient.

As imunodeficiências secundárias encontram-se associadas a elevada incidência de infecções e neoplasias, bem como ao desenvolvimento de doenças auto-imunes. O status imunológico pode ser alterado por diversas condições, tais como a idade avançada, a malnutrição e as infecções micobacterianas. Contudo, o tratamento da condição primária resulta frequentemente na melhoria do compromisso imunológico. Os autores apresentam um caso de encefalite e hepatite por citomegalovírus, decorrente de reactivação viríca associada ao desenvolvimento de imunodeficiência secundária em doente Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana negativa.

[Thymus hyperplasia in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome]. / Hiperplasia do timo em doente com síndrome antifosfolipídico.

Thymus is an important central lymphoid organ that plays a pivotal role in the generation of peripheral T-lymphocytes. Thymoma and thymus hyperplasia have been associated with various autoimmune disorders, mainly myasthenia gravis. There is no established relationship between thymus pathology and antiphospholipid syndrome; however, there are some reported cases of antiphospholipid syndrome associated with myasthenia gravis or following thymectomy. We present the case of a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome and thymic lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. We discuss the association between both entities and suggest a diagnostic approach of a patient with a radiological disorder of the thymus and antiphospholipid syndrome.

[Lower lung field tuberculosis]. / Tuberculose do lobo pulmonar inferior.

Lower lung lobe tuberculosis is less common than the classical radiological forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. However this radiological presentation has a particular relevance in patients with some associated pathological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, HIV infection and chronic alcoholism. We make a review of this entity in reference to an illustrative clinical case.

[Mediastinal seminoma: in reference to a case report]. / Seminoma mediastínico: A propósito de um caso clínico.

In reference to a clinical report, the authors of this article make a review about semiology, diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal seminoma.

[Cryptococcosis]. / Criptococose.

Cryptococcus neoformans infection is an opportunistic infection affecting mainly patients lacking cell mediated immunity whose incidence has dramatically risen with the advent of HIV infection. This infection has rarely been reported in patients with humoral immunity deficiencies. We report two patients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection with a fatal outcome: a man with disseminated criptococcosis leading to the diagnosis of AIDS; and a woman with stage III- B K light chains multiple myeloma presenting with meningitis to both Cryptococcus neoformans and Listeria monocytogenes.

[Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare association]. / Hipoparatiroidismo idiopático e lúpus eritematoso sistémico: associação rara.

A 20-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after two generalized seizures with severe hypocalcemia. She was diagnosed with Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism. In the follow-up she was diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) by the presentation of four criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for SLE. This is the sixth reported case of this association.

[Endobronchial sarcoidosis: in reference to a clinical report]. / Sarcoidose endobrônquica: A propósito de um caso clínico.

In reference to a clinical report, the authors make a review on sarcoidosis and it's endobronchial involvement.