Reconstruction of Chronic Triceps Brachii Tendon Rupture Using Semitendinosus Autograft Surgical Technique.

Rupture of the triceps tendon is a rare event, and the care could be often problematic for orthopedic surgeons. Cases of triceps tendon re-rupture are even rarer. The stump is often retracted, atrophic, and the tissue quality is poor. Several surgical techniques have been reported. We present our surgi- cal reconstruction using free semitendinosus (ST) autograft.

Locking screw augmentation in hypertrophic nonunion of tibia: a novel surgical technique.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nonunion is a common complication in long bone diaphyseal fracture. Hypertrophic nonunion is commonly caused by mechanical instability due to high strain at the fracture site whereas atrophic nonunion is mainly caused by biological impairment. Multiple surgical techniques have been reported to treat hypertrophic nonunion of long bones but there is no consensus about what is the best choice. We present our surgical option in hypertrophic nonunion of lower limb. METHODS: We performed a locking cortical screw augmentation technique in fractures previously fixed with plate and screws in order to increase plate stability and to enhance fracture healing process. RESULTS: Radiographic evaluations carried out three months after surgery showed that the fracture line is radiographically filled by bone callus. No pain, no limp, no signs of infection or implant failure were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Locking cortical screw augmentation could represent a valid technique to reduce micromovements and to increase the stability at the fracture site with the possibility of early weight bearing and good clinical outcome.

Posterior thigh compartment syndrome associated with hamstring avulsion and antiplatelet therapy.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF WORK: Posterior thigh compartment syndrome is a rare injury. We reported a case of a 49-year-old man developing posterior thigh compartment syndrome after an accidental fall at home causing hamstring tendon avulsion while assuming antiaggregant therapy. METHODS: We decided to treat the patient with an immediate fasciotomy and tendon avulsion fixation with two anchors. RESULTS: we managed to treat successfully our patient. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest to pay attention to a positive medical history for antiaggregant/anticoagulation therapy and to perform in  the same surgical setting both fasciotomy and fixation.

The Role of PTX3 in Mineralization Processes and Aging-Related Bone Diseases.

The Long Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional glycoprotein released by peripheral blood leukocytes and myeloid dendritic cells in response to primary pro-inflammatory stimuli, that acts as a non-redundant component of the humoral arm of innate immunity. In addition to the primary role in the acute inflammatory response, PTX3 seems to be involved in other physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, PTX3 seems to play a pivotal role in the deposition and remodeling of bone matrix during the mineralization process, promoting osteoblasts differentiation and activity. Recently, PTX3 was seen to be involved in the ectopic calcifications' formation in breast cancer disease. In this regard, it has been observed that breast cancer tumors characterized by high expression of PTX3 and high amount of Breast Osteoblast Like Cells (BOLCs) showed several Hydroxyapatite (HA) microcalcifications, suggesting a likely role for PTX3 in differentiation and osteoblastic activity in both bone and extra-bone sites. Furthermore, given its involvement in bone metabolism, several studies agree with the definition of PTX3 as a molecule significantly involved in the pathogenesis of age-related bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, both in mice and humans. Recent results suggest that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms acting on PTX3 gene are also involved in the progression of these diseases. Based on these evidences, the aim of our systemic review was to offer an overview of the variety of biological processes in which PTX3 is involved, focusing on bone mineralization, both in a physiological and pathological context.

Completeness of Outcomes Description Reported in Low Back Pain Rehabilitation Interventions: A Survey of 185 Randomized Trials.

Purpose: To assess reporting completeness of the most frequent outcome measures used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rehabilitation interventions for mechanical low back pain. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of RCTs included in all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) published up to May 2013. Two authors independently evaluated the type and frequency of each outcome measure reported, the methods used to measure outcomes, the completeness of outcome reporting using a eight-item checklist, and the proportion of outcomes fully replicable by an independent assessor. Results: Our literature search identified 11 SRs, including 185 RCTs. Thirty-six different outcomes were investigated across all RCTs. The 2 most commonly reported outcomes were pain (n=165 RCTs; 89.2%) and disability (n=118 RCTs; 63.8%), which were assessed by 66 and 44 measurement tools, respectively. Pain and disability outcomes were found replicable in only 10.3% (n=17) and 10.2% (n=12) of the RCTs, respectively. Only 40 RCTs (21.6%) distinguished between primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusions: A large number of outcome measures and a myriad of measurement instruments were used across all RCTs. The reporting was largely incomplete, suggesting an opportunity for a standardized approach to reporting in rehabilitation science.

Objectif : évaluer l'exhaustivité des déclarations en ce qui concerne les mesures de résultats utilisées le plus fréquemment dans les essais cliniques randomisés (ECR) portant sur les interventions en réadaptation pour les douleurs chroniques au bas du dos. Méthodes : nous avons mené une étude transversale des ECR inclus dans toutes les revues systématiques Cochrane publiées jusqu'en mai 2013. Deux auteurs ont indépendamment évalué : la nature et la fréquence de chacune des mesures de résultats rapportées, les méthodes utilisées pour effectuer ces mesures, l'exhaustivité des déclarations de résultats (à l'aide d'une liste de contrôle en 8 points) et la proportion des résultats qui peuvent être complètement reproduits par un évaluateur indépendant. Résultats : notre recension de la littérature a identifié 11 revues systématiques comprenant un total de 185 ECR. Trente-six résultats différents ont été étudiés dans l'ensemble des essais cliniques. Les deux résultats les plus fréquemment rapportés étaient la douleur (n=164 ECR; 89,2%) et l'incapacité (n=118; 63,8%), qui ont été évalués respectivement par 66 et 44 instruments de mesure. Les résultats relatifs à la douleur et à l'incapacité se sont avérés reproductibles dans seulement 10,3% (n=17) et 10,2% (n=12), respectivement, des essais cliniques. Seuls 40 (21,6%) des ECR ont fait la distinction entre le résultat principal et les résultats secondaires. Conclusion : un grand nombre de mesures de résultats et d'instruments de mesure ont été utilisés dans l'ensemble des ECR. Les déclarations sont pour la plupart incomplètes; il pourrait y avoir là une occasion de mettre au point une approche standardisée pour la communication des résultats en science de la réadaptation.

Reporting of Rehabilitation Intervention for Low Back Pain in Randomized Controlled Trials: Is the Treatment Fully Replicable?

STUDY DESIGN: Methodological review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of reporting of rehabilitation interventions for mechanical low back pain (LBP) in published RCTs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Reporting of interventions in RCTs often focused on the outcome value and failed to describe interventions adequately. METHODS: We systematically searched for all RCTs in Cochrane systematic reviews on LBP published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews until December 2013. The description of rehabilitation interventions of each RCT was evaluated independently by 2 of the investigators, using an ad hoc checklist of 7 items. The primary outcome was the number of items reported in sufficient details to be replicable in a new RCT or in everyday practice. RESULTS: We found 11 systematic reviews, including 220 eligible RCTs, on LBP. Of those, 185 RCTs were included. The median publication year was 1998 (I-III quartiles, 1990 to 2004). The most reported items were the characteristics of participants (91.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.3-95.4), the intervention providers (81.1%; 95% CI, 75.4-86.7), and the intervention schedule (69.7%; 95% CI, 63-76). Based on the description of the intervention, less than one fifth would be replicable clinically. The proportion of trials providing all essential information about the participants and interventions increased from 14% (n = 7) in 1971 to 1980 to 20% (n = 75) in 2001 to 2010. CONCLUSION: Despite the remarkable amount of energy spent producing RCTs in LBP rehabilitation, the majority of RCTs failed to report sufficient information that would allow the intervention to be replicated in clinical practice. Improving the quality of intervention description is urgently needed to better transfer research into rehabilitation practices. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1.

Survey of the reporting characteristics of systematic reviews in rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews (SRs) have become increasingly important for informing clinical practice; however, little is known about the reporting characteristics and the quality of the SRs relevant to the practice of rehabilitation health professionals. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the reporting quality of a representative sample of published SRs on rehabilitation, focusing on the descriptive, reporting, and bias-related characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by searching MEDLINE for aggregative and configurative SRs indexed in 2011 that focused on rehabilitation as restorative of functional limitations. Two reviewers independently screened and selected the SRs and extracted data using a 38-item data collection form derived from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: Eighty-eight SRs published in 59 journals were sampled. The median compliance with the PRISMA items was 17 (63%) out of 27 items (interquartile ratio=13-22 [48%-82%]). Two thirds of the SRs (n=66) focused on interventions for which efficacy is best addressed through a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, and almost all of these SRs included RCTs (63/66 [95%]). More than two thirds of the SRs assessed the quality of primary studies (74/88 [84%]). Twenty-eight reviews (28/88 [32%]) meta-analyzed the results for at least one outcome. One half of the SRs reported positive statistically significant findings (46%), whereas a detrimental result was present only in one review. CONCLUSIONS: This sample of SRs in the rehabilitation field showed heterogeneous characteristics and a moderate quality of reporting. Poor control of potential source of bias might be improved if more widely agreed-upon evidence-based reporting guidelines will be actively endorsed and adhered to by authors and journals.