Post-incisional ventral hernia repair in patients undergoing chemotherapy: improving outcomes with biological mesh.

BACKGROUND: Patients requiring ventral hernia (VH) repair during perioperative chemotherapy have a higher risk for post-operative complications. The aim of the study was to perform a case-controlled analysis in patients undergoing chemotherapy who underwent VH repair using biological mesh or synthetic mesh. METHODS: From January 2013 to December 2015, 32 patients, within 8 weeks from chemotherapy administration, were treated electively for VH repair using a biological mesh (BIOMESH). A control group (CG) receiving chemotherapy within the same time interval and treated with synthetic meshes was selected. There were no differences regarding sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score III, BMI, and size of the defect. Morbidity, type of complications, and recurrence rate were investigated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In the BIOMESH group, eight patients (25 %) experienced complications. Wound dehiscence occurred in four (12.5 %) patients and was treated conservatively. Only three small seromas not requiring treatment were observed. The CG presented a higher mean Clavien-Dindo complication grade (1.94 ± 0.44 vs 1.63 ± 0.52; p = 0.13) and a higher incidence of wound dehiscence (n = 9/32, 28.1 % vs n = 4/32, 12.5 %; p = 0.11). Five patients developed seroma treated by wound drainage. One patient experienced an intra-abdominal collection treated by percutaneous drainage. At the univariate and multivariate analysis use of traditional mesh, BMI and the ASA III were predictive factors of post-operative complications. Two patients (6.3 %) developed a VH recurrence only in the CG. CONCLUSIONS: Biological meshes could be considered a valid option to improve post-operative short-term outcomes in selected high-risk patients undergoing chemotherapy treated for VH repair.

Microfluidic platform for assessing pancreatic islet functionality through dielectric spectroscopy.

Human pancreatic islets are seldom assessed for dynamic responses to external stimuli. Thus, the elucidation of human islet functionality would provide insights into the progression of diabetes mellitus, evaluation of preparations for clinical transplantation, as well as for the development of novel therapeutics. The objective of this study was to develop a microfluidic platform for in vitro islet culture, allowing the multi-parametric investigation of islet response to chemical and biochemical stimuli. This was accomplished through the fabrication and implementation of a microfluidic platform that allowed the perifusion of islet culture while integrating real-time monitoring using impedance spectroscopy, through microfabricated, interdigitated electrodes located along the microchamber arrays. Real-time impedance measurements provide important dielectric parameters, such as cell membrane capacitance and cytoplasmic conductivity, representing proliferation, differentiation, viability, and functionality. The perifusion of varying glucose concentrations and monitoring of the resulting impedance of pancreatic islets were performed as proof-of-concept validation of the lab-on-chip platform. This novel technique to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that dictate islet functionality is presented, providing new information regarding islet function that could improve the evaluation of islet preparations for transplantation. In addition, it will lead to a better understanding of fundamental diabetes-related islet dysfunction and the development of therapeutics through evaluation of potential drug effects.

Assessment of human islet grafts in frozen sections of CD-1 athymic nu/nu mouse liver for molecular analysis.

BACKGROUND: Post-transplantation islet graft monitoring is hampered by a lack of efficient methods to locate and analyze islets in situ. We evaluated histologic methods to rapidly locate islets within the liver parenchyma post-transplantation, using several staining strategies, prior to analysis using laser capture microdissection. METHODS: Human islets were isolated (n = 8) from brain dead, multiorgan donor pancreases at the McGill University Health Centre Islet Transplant Laboratory. Mean yield was 247,609 ± 195,272 IE and 3172 ± 1645 IE/g (purity and viability, respectively, 84.5 ± 8.6% and 95 ± 5% average; mean ± SD). Diabetic athymic CD-1 nu/nu mice (streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection, 200 mg/kg) were maintained with sustained release insulin pellets until a suitable islet preparation was available for transplant. Intraportal islet transplantation of 2000 IE/mouse was performed via the ileocecal vein, as previously described. Frozen sections of liver containing human islets were prepared from specimens collected on days 0, 4, and 30 post-transplant. Every twentieth slide from serial sectioned liver was stained using a rapid protocol to determine if islets were present. Sections were fixed and stained for 5 minutes with either an anti-human insulin fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated primary antibody (Ins-FITC), Newport Green (NG), or diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone, DZ). RESULTS: Islets were readily localized using each technique, mostly toward the liver periphery. However, DZ had a faint appearance in 10-µm-thick sections and was best utilized to locate sections containing islets during sectioning. CONCLUSION: Ins-FITC, NG, and DZ are all good candidates for a rapid islet staining protocol to evaluate human islet grafts in situ, with DZ being best for sectioning and Ins-FITC and NG being equal in locating islets during processing for laser capture microdissection.

A rare case of blunt thoracoabdominal trauma with small bowel perforation from air bags.

Vehicle collisions represent more than 75% of mechanism of blunt abdominal trauma. In spite of the incomparable improvement of car safety devices, recent studies pointed out that the air bags might cause injuries, specially when it is not associated with seatbelt. In fact, some studies pointed out that crash victims using air bags alone have increased injury severity, hospitalisations, thoracoabdominal procedure, and rehabilitation. Some of the most frequently injured organs reported from air bag deployment are the liver (38%), the spleen (23%) and digestive system (17%). Injury of the hollow viscera are far less common. In particular, blunt abdominal trauma resulting in small bowel perforation is an infrequent lesion. These injuries are difficult to diagnose because specific signs are poor and a delay in treatment increases mortality and morbidity of the patients. We describe a case of thoracoabdominal trauma that occurred during a head-on collision after an air bag deployment without seatbelt use.

Locoregional IL-2 therapy in the treatment of colon cancer. Cell-induced lesions of a murine model.

BACKGROUND: Local therapy with IL-2 may be very effective in the treatment of different forms of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of IL-2 locoregional application in the treatment of colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty eight syngenic BDIX rats were utilized in this study. The rats were divided into two groups of fourteen animals: group T (treatment) and group C (control). All rats of both groups were injected, under the splenic capsule, with T 10(7) DHD/K2/ TRb neoplastic cells. Then, within and around the site of the previous inoculation, the T group was injected with 1 ml of glucosate solutions + 0.1% albumin (BSA) containing 2.5 x 10(6) IU of IL-2 ( Proleukin-Chiron), whereas the C group was injected with 1 ml of BSA alone. After three weeks, rats were sacrificed and the liver and spleen were removed. The following parameters were considered: volume and weight, neoplastic-non neoplastic tissue index of the spleen, mitotic index and vascular density of splenic and hepatic lesions. RESULTS: All the studied parameters showed statistically significant differences in treated and untreated animals. CONCLUSION: This study of a murine model demonstrated that IL-2 locoregional therapy may be effective in the treatment of colon cancer.

Gallstones in elderly patients: impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in elderly patients may pose problems because of their poor general condition, especially of cardiopulmonary function. Moreover, these patients present with acute cholecystitis and associated common bile duct stones more often than their younger counterparts. From 1990 to 1999, the authors performed 943 LCs; 31 (3.2%) were attempted on elderly patients, 11 (35%) of which were on an emergency basis because of acute cholecystitis, cholangitis or acute biliary pancreatitis. Ten per cent of LCs needed to be converted to an open cholecystectomy, most often because of an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood produced by excessive operative time. A gasless procedure was used in the last three years of the study on eight cases; the overall rate of conversion from LC to open cholecystectomy in this group was 0%. Associated gallbladder and common bile duct stones were found in five (16%) patients (four preoperative LC endoscopic sphincterotomy and one transcystic approach). The success rate in both of these cases was 100%, overall morbidity was 29% and there was no mortality. These results show that LC is a feasible and safe procedure for use in elderly patients. Gasless LC should be preferred in patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists' class III because an excessive duration of operation is the most common reason for converting to an open cholecystectomy.

[Hemorrhoidectomy with ropivacaine (Naropin) local anesthesia. Preliminary experience]. / L'emorroidectomia in anestesia locale con ropivacaina (Naropina). Esperienza preliminare.

BACKGROUND: The use of local anesthesia in non-septic anal surgery is now well established. Tolerance to local injection, duration of local effect and the risk of local or systemic complications still represent unsolved issues. Ropivacaine, a new local anesthetic, seems particularly indicated for this kind of surgery because of its pharmacologic properties which reduce patient's discomfort during infiltration and provide good antalgic coverage in the first hours following the operation. METHODS: The first 20 consecutive cases operated with local anesthesia by ropivacaine have been prospectively studied. All patients have been given an 11-point box VAS scale which is used for subjective evaluation of pain. RESULTS: Mean pain score resulted 1.1, 1.6 and 1.4 at 1, 2 and 3 postoperative hours, respectively. Thirty percent of patients subsequently required pain medication up to the first bowel movement. No complications related to the use of ropivacaine has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: This new drug can be safely used in the outpatient or Day-Surgery treatment of hemorrhoids.

Endoscopic and surgical integration in the approach to biliary tract disease.

Several techniques are available today to access the bile ducts, all equally safe and effective. Since 1990, we have studied three groups of patients treated with different methods: the sequential endoscopic sphincterotomy + laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the single-stage laparoscopic approach, and the single laparoscopic-endoscopic approach. The results obtained in 127 patients to date suggest that one single-stage treatment is more convenient for the patient, while the combination of endoscopic sphincterotomy with laparoscopic cholecystectomy is preferable in terms of efficacy and safety.

[Surgical rehabilitation of stomal disease]. / La riabilitazione chirurgica delle patologie stomali.

The Authors report their experience in the surgical rehabilitation of patients with complicated ileo- or colostomy. Mechanical and psychosocial implications as well as different rehabilitative methods are discussed. The results of a surgical protocol in the treatment of stomal diseases observed in 63 patients are herein reported. In 14 patients the surgical treatment was performed in general anaesthesia, while in 49 local anaesthesia was used. The latter was better tolerated by the patients. In conclusion, surgery should play a major role in this rehabilitation protocol, either in terms of prevention or definitive treatment.

[Endolaparoscopic "Rendez-vous" in the treatment of cholecysto-choledochal calculosis]. / Il "Rendez-vous" endolaparoscopico nel trattamento della calcolosi colecisto-coledocica.

Different methods, all of which equally efficacious and safe, can be selected to access the choledochus in patients with cholecysto and choledocholithiasis on the basis of clinical and anatomosurgical parameters. From 1990 we evaluated three groups of patients who underwent surgery at different times and with different methods: sequentially (endoscopic sphincterotomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy), one step laparoscopy and combined laparo-endoscopy. The results obtained seem to show that the treatment with laparoscopy alone is the most advantageous in terms of cost-benefit, while the endoscopic access of the choledochus during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the one to prefer in terms of efficacy and safety.

[Gastric resection and subtotal gastrectomy. Principles and updated surgical technique]. / La resezione gastrica e la gastrectomia subtotale. Princìpi ed attualità di tecnica chirurgica.

The Authors describe their last 10 years experience in gastric surgery. They report the results obtained in 12 gastric resections performed for complications following gastric and/or duodenal peptic ulcers, in 33 cases of total gastrectomies (34%), and 48 cases of subtotal gastrectomies (49%) for early and advanced cancer. The results lead to interesting conclusions: first of all achieving a wide jejunojejunostomy between the afferent and the efferent loop the problems related to gastric resection (as postoperative sequelae, dumping syndrome, reflux esophagitis, alkaline gastritis, etc.) are avoided. Problems regarding lymphadenectomy in patients submitted to subtotal gastrectomy (D2-D3) are then reported. After a brief history of gastric reconstruction following gastric resection the evolution in surgical techniques and the results obtained during the last 10 years are described. The good long term results allow to conclude that our strategy in gastric surgery ensures a good quality of life of the patients as well as a radical operation in case of gastric cancer.

[Septic ascites: a rare post-operative complication]. / L'ascite settica: una rara complicanza post-operatoria.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with chronic hepatitis represents a very controversial matter in terms of frequency, pathology and treatment. This unusual complication mainly due to decreased immunological defences and ascitic fluid opsonic activity is not accepted by all the Authors as a rare event. However, there is agreement as far as management is concerned: cultural examination of the ascitic fluid and the relative antibiogram are the best tools in guiding the approach to an adequate antibiotic therapy.

[Anterograde laparoscopic cholecystectomy: when and why]. / La colecistectomia laparoscopica per via anterograda: quando e perché.

Today largely diffused is the concept that laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) represents the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones. Nonetheless some questions have been raised on the real safety of this new method in terms of procedure-related complications. On the basis of our experience with traditional open cholecystectomy, we have recently performed a prograde LC in those cases with difficulties in identifying the anatomical structures of the so called Calot's triangle. This alternative route can be easily performed laparoscopically and has been useful in reducing the time of the intervention in the most difficult setting and to increase the safety of the procedure. The technical details and the results are compared with those of the laparoscopic retrograde route.

[Pain and pancreaticojejunostomy. Considerations on surgical anatomy and physiopathology]. / Dolore e pancreatico-digiunostomia. Considerazioni di anatomia chirurgica e fisiopatologia.

The Authors report the case of a patient who, following a side-to-side Wirsung-jejunostomy for chronic pancreatitis, became symptomatic again for anastomotic obstruction and progression of the pancreatic disease. Results of pancreaticojejunostomy are compared to those reported by other Authors. Controversies on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy are analyzed as well.

[Knight-Griffen ileo-proctostomy after total colectomy]. / L'ileo-rettostomia secondo Knight e Griffen dopo colectomia totale.

The double stapled colo-rectal anastomosis according to Knight e Griffen is currently used following an anterior resection of the rectum. The technical feasibility and the reduced risk of contamination represent the major advantages of the procedure. Accordingly, the Authors have adopted this technique to perform an ileo-rectal anastomosis following total colectomy. Furthermore, the use of a circular stapler with a small diameter allows to create a pseudo-valvular mechanism between the ileum and the rectum. Preliminary results obtained in 7 patients are presented.