ABSTRACT
The essential oil composition of the aerial parts of Artemisia magellanica Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae), native to Patagonia, was analyzed by GC-FID-MS. This is the first report on the essential oil composition of A. magellanica. A total of 113 components were identified accounting for 95.6-95.7 % of the oil. The essential oil was characterized by a high percentage of γ-costol (21.0-43.5 %), selina-4,11-diene, (Z)-ß-ocimene, (E)-ß-farnesene, (Z)-en-yn-dicycloether and 23 different esters (28.7 %). In turn, Artemisia biennis, a species native to North America, which is considered by some authors to be conspecific with A. magellanica, yielded an essential oil that was rich in (Z)-ß-ocimene (34.7 %), (E)-ß-farnesene (40.0 %) and the acetylenes (Z)- and (E)-en-yn-dicycloethers (11.0 %). Thus, as A. biennis lacks the three main components present in A. magellanica, namely γ-costol, 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrate and selina-4,11-diene, these compounds could be considered as potential chemical markers for A. magellanica since they are absent or only found as minor constituents in other members of the genus. The data presented herein is also useful for genus taxonomy.
Subject(s)
Artemisia/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Molecular Structure , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Six native plants of South America traditionally consumed in the Patagonian region (southern Argentina and Chile), namely: Adesmia boronioides Hook. f., Apium australe Thouars, Buddleja globosa Hope, Drimys andina (Reiche) R. Rodr. & Quezada, Dysphania multifida L. and Solidago chilensis Meyen were investigated to determine the nutraceutical properties of infusions of their aerial parts. The infusions were characterized in terms of their antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content, profile of phenolic compounds, general toxicity and cytotoxicity on two different human cell lines: T84 (derived from colon cancer) and HTR8/SVneo (not derived from cancer). Twenty-nine compounds, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, were identified. This is the first analysis of phenolic compounds in infusions from native plants of Patagonia. D. andina, B. globosa and S. chilensis showed high levels of antioxidants, even higher than those of Green Tea. The content of phenolic compounds correlated significantly with the antioxidant activity of the samples analyzed. The toxicity test indicated that the use of A. australe, B. globosa and D. multifida seems safe, but a moderate consumption is suggested for A. boronioides, D. andina and S. chilensis until more exhaustive and long-term results are available. Moreover, A. boronioides and S. chilensis showed anticancer potential due to their antiproliferative activity on human cancer cell lines.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Phenols/analysis , Plant Preparations/pharmacology , Plants/chemistry , Antioxidants/analysis , Argentina , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Chile , Humans , Hydroxybenzoates/analysis , Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry , Plant Preparations/analysisABSTRACT
This study analysed the total content of phenolic compounds in roots and rhizomes extracts from two populations of Valeriana carnosa Sm. (Caprifoliaceae) at three phenological stages. Total phenolic content was determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method, which ranged between individuals from 3.56 to 11.68 mg GAE/g of dry sample. Antioxidant activity was determined using the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), which showed a significant positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. We tentatively identified 18 phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS, mostly phenolic acids, one of which was present only in the Hoya population at the vegetative stage and one only in the Piltri population at the flowering and fruiting stages. Phenolic compounds in subterranean organs of V. carnosa vary qualitatively (between populations/stages) and quantitatively at intra- and inter-population level at different phenological stages. In both populations, on average a higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity were recorded at the flowering and fruiting stages.
En este estudio se analizoÌ el contenido total de compuestos fenoÌlicos en extractos de raiÌces y rizomas provenientes de dos poblaciones de Valeriana carnosa Sm. (Caprifoliaceae) en tres estadios fenoloÌgicos. El contenido total de fenoles se determinoÌ sobre muestras secas, mediante el meÌtodo de Folin-Ciocalteu, que varioÌ de 3.56-11.68 mg GAE/g entre individuos. Se determinoÌ la actividad antioxidante utilizando el radical estable 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) y se observoÌ una correlacioÌn positiva significativa entre la actividad antioxidante y el contenido total de fenoles. Identificamos tentativamente 18 compuestos fenoÌlicos mediante HPLC-MS, principalmente aÌcidos fenoÌlicos, dos de los cuales estuvieron presentes en la poblacioÌn Hoya en la etapa vegetativa y en la poblacioÌn Piltri en las etapas de floracioÌn y fructificacioÌn. Los compuestos fenoÌlicos en oÌrganos subterraÌneos de V. carnosa variÌan cualitativamente (entre poblaciones/estadios) y cuantitativamente a nivel intra- e inter-poblacional en diferentes estadios fenoloÌgicos. En ambas poblaciones, en promedio se registroÌ un mayor contenido de fenoles y actividad antioxidante en las etapas de floracioÌn y fructificacioÌn.
Subject(s)
Phenols/analysis , Valerian/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Plant Roots/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae) is a medicinal and aromatic herb widely distributed in South America. From 2000 to the present numerous articles on this species have been published, mainly in the last decade where the pharmacological studies and articles on its secondary metabolites have risen sharply. S. chilensis has potential beneficial effects on human health, particularly as an anti- inflammatory because of its high flavonoid content. This work describes the research carried out on this species with emphasis on biological and phytochemical studies.
Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae) es una hierba aromaÌtica y medicinal, ampliamente difundida en SudameÌrica. A partir del anÌo 2000 se publicaron numerosos estudios sobre esta planta, particularmente en la uÌltima deÌcada donde se incrementoÌ sensiblemente el estudio de sus propiedades farmacoloÌgicas y de la quiÌmica de sus metabolitos secundarios. Es una planta con propiedades potencialmente beneficiosas para la salud humana, destacaÌndose particularmente por su actividad antiinflamatoria que puede ser atribuida al elevado contenido en flavonoides. En este trabajo revisamos exhaustivamente los antecedentes de esta planta desde un enfoque cronoloÌgico, con eÌnfasis en los estudios bioloÌgicos y fitoquiÌmicos.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Solidago/chemistry , Medicine, Traditional , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Quercetin/analysis , South America , AsteraceaeABSTRACT
Introducción: las plantas aromáticas y medicinales son una fuente potencial de componentes antioxidantes. La Patagonia Argentina presenta un ambiente diverso en especies nativas, las cuales deberían ser estudiadas en mayor profundidad debido a su potencial farmacéutico, así como para contribuir a fomentar su conservación. Objetivos: estudiar la actividad antioxidante de infusiones, tinturas y aceites esenciales de las siguientes especies nativas de la Patagonia Argentina: Acantholippia seriphioides (A. Gray) Moldenke, Adesmia boronioides Hook. f., Buddleja globosa Hope, Fabiana imbricata Ruiz & Pav., Solidago chilensis Meyen. Identificar los componentes volátiles presentes en los aceites esenciales. Métodos: se obtuvieron infusiones y tinturas por la guía de las normas de la Farmacopea Argentina VI edición. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación con un aparato tipo Clevenger. El análisis de los componentes volátiles se realizó mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas. Los ensayos de actividad antioxidante se realizaron por el método del difenil-picrilhidrazilo. Resultados: las especies presentaron el siguiente orden de actividad antioxidante: B. globosa > S. chilensis ≥ F. imbricata ≥ A . seriphioides > A. boronioides. Las infusiones de B. globosa, S. chilensis y A. seriphioides, presentaron una actividad antioxidante similar a Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze ("té verde") y superior a Ginkgo biloba (L.) Mant (especies reconocidas por su alto contenido de antioxidantes). La actividad encontrada para el aceite esencial de A. seriphioides se deba a sus contenidos en timol y carvacrol. En cuanto a la actividad de S. chilensis podría adjudicarse a su alto porcentaje de limoneno. Conclusiones: este trabajo es el primero que estudia la actividad antioxidante de plantas medicinales y aromáticas en la región noroeste de la Patagonia Argentina; los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las especies estudiadas de dicha región son una fuente rica en compuestos antioxidantes y de potencial valor como suplemento dietario(AU)
Introduction: medicinal and aromatic plants have potential as sources of antioxidant compounds. There is a great diversity of native species in Patagonia Argentina. It is worthy to study them because of its pharmaceutical potential and to help promote conservation. Objectives: to analyze antioxidant activities of herbal teas, tinctures and essential oils of native species from Patagonia Argentina: Acantholippia seriphioides (A. Gray) Moldenke, Adesmia boronioides Hook. f., Buddleja globosa Hope, Fabiana imbricata Ruiz & Pav., Solidago chilensis Meyen. Identify essential oils compounds. Methods: infusions and tinctures were obtained according to Pharmacopoeia Argentina VIth edition. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. Volatiles compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity assays were performed by difenil-picrilhidrazilo method. Results: antioxidant activity order was: B. globosa > S. chilensis ≥ F. imbricata ≥ A. seriphioides > A. boronioides. Infusions of B. globosa, S. chilensis and A. seriphioides presented an antioxidant activity similar to Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze ("green tea") and higher than Ginkgo biloba (L.) Mant. The A. seriphioides essential oil activity was probably obeyed to thymol and carvacrol presence. S. chilensis activity could be owing to its high limonene content. Conclusions: this study is the first report about antioxidant activity of medicinal and aromatic plants in the northwest region of Patagonia Argentina. The results showed that analyzed species are a rich source of antioxidant compounds and have potential value as a dietary supplement(AU)
