Colon capsule endoscopy in clinical practice: lessons from a national 5-year observational prospective cohort.

Background and study aims Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has been proposed as an alternative to colonoscopy for screening patients at average risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). A prospective national cohort was developed to assess relevance of CCE in real-life practice and its short- and long-term impacts on clinical management. Patients and methods All patients who underwent a CCE in France were prospectively enrolled from January 2011 to May 2016 and reached annually by phone until May 2017. All CCE and colonoscopy reports were systematically collected. Results During the study period, 689 CCEs were analyzed from 14 medical centers. Median follow-up time was 35 months [IQR: 12-50]. Indication for CCE was mainly for elderly patients (median age: 70 years, IQR: [61-79]) due to anesthetic or colonoscopy contraindication (n = 307; 44.6 %). Only 337 CCEs (48.9 %) were both complete and with adequate bowel preparation. Advanced neoplasia (adenoma with high-grade dysplasia or CRC) was diagnosed following 32 CCEs (4.6 %). Among patients who underwent colonoscopy or therapeutic surgery following CCE, 18.8 % of all advanced neoplasias (6/32) had not been diagnosed by CCE mainly due to technical issues. Performing a colonoscopy in the case of significant polyps or insufficient bowel cleansing or after an incomplete CCE allowed the diagnosis of 96.9 % of all identified advanced neoplasias (31/32). Conclusions Outside the scope of academic trials, improvement is needed to increase the reliability of CCE as less than half were considered optimal i. e. complete with adequate bowel cleansing. Most of missed colonic advanced neoplasia were due to incomplete CCE with distal neoplasia location.

Prospective, randomized comparison of two small-bowel capsule endoscopy systems in patients with obscure GI bleeding.

BACKGROUND: Video capsule endoscopy is the first-intention examination in patients with obscure GI bleeding. The new MiroCam capsule, when using electric-field propagation for transmission, has been poorly evaluated in a clinical setting, in contrast with the PillCam SB2 capsule. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic concordance (κ value) between PillCam SB2 and MiroCam capsule examinations performed in the same patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, randomized study in 7 endoscopy units. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION: Eighty-three consecutive patients, ingesting the 2 capsules at a 1-hour interval. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients were analyzed (10 technical issues). There were 31 concordant negative cases (42.4%) and 30 concordant positive cases (41.1%). The study showed satisfactory diagnostic concordance between the 2 systems (κ = 0.66). In 12 patients (16.4%), the final diagnosis was different: 9 patients had positive findings on MiroCam examination but no image detected with PillCam SB2, 2 had positive findings on PillCam examination only, and 1 patient had 2 different diagnoses. A positive diagnosis was obtained in 46.6% and 56.2% of patients with PillCam SB2 and MiroCam capsule, respectively, so that the procedures identified 78.6% and 95.2% of positive cases, respectively (P = .02). Small-bowel transit time and capsule reading time were significantly longer in MiroCam procedures. LIMITATIONS: Technical failures possibly related to capsule interference. CONCLUSION: This study shows at least comparable efficiency of the MiroCam compared with the PillCam SB2 capsule system for the diagnosis of obscure GI bleeding.

High diagnostic and clinical impact of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with overt digestive bleeding and/or severe anemia.

BACKGROUND: Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) often present with recurrent anemia because of epistaxis or GI bleeding in relation to telangiectases mostly located in the stomach or small bowel. Capsule endoscopy is considered a major diagnostic tool for small-bowel diseases, but the impact of capsule endoscopy imaging on patient management in HHT is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the contribution of capsule endoscopy in selected patients with HHT. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive study. SETTING: Multicenter, two university hospital tertiary-care centers, from January 2003 to June 2007. PATIENTS: This study involved 30 patients with HHT and severe anemia (hemoglobin <9 g/dL; normal: 11-15 g/dL) and minimal epistaxis or moderate anemia but overt GI bleeding. INTERVENTION: Capsule endoscopy investigation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical characteristics and capsule endoscopy results and their clinical consequences. RESULTS: Capsule endoscopy detected gastric and small-bowel telangiectases in 14 (46.7%) and 26 (86.7%) cases, respectively. Active bleeding was present in 36.7% of cases. Diffuse telangiectases were detected in 42.3% without correlation with age, sex, or type of HHT mutation. Further investigations were carried out as a consequence of the capsule endoscopy results in 67% of cases. Treatment, consisting mostly of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation, was scheduled in 46.7% of patients. LIMITATIONS: Our population was essentially composed of patients with the ALK1 mutation. CONCLUSION: This study shows that there is a high diagnostic yield for capsule endoscopy in selected patients with HHT. Capsule endoscopy makes possible precise mapping of lesions and has a considerable impact on the management of these selected patients by using a predefined algorithm: a limited number of accessible lesions is suitable for endoscopic treatment, whereas innumerable diffuse lesions require a medical approach. We suggest that capsule endoscopy could be a first-line, noninvasive, digestive tract examination in selected patients with HHT.

Capsule endoscopy and bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the first procedure to explore the small bowel in obscure GI bleeding (OGB). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate (NaP) in this indication. DESIGN: A prospective multicenter, controlled, randomized, blind study. METHODS: A total of 129 patients with the diagnosis of OGB were included and were randomized into 2 groups (group A [n = 64] and group B [n = 63]). In group A, a CE was performed after an 8-hour fasting period. In group B, patients were asked to drink 2 doses of 45 mL NaP before swallowing the capsule. The quality of the images was assessed at 5 different locations of the small bowel. Bowel cleanliness and visibility were evaluated by using 2 scoring systems, which included assessing the presence of bubbles, liquid, and the rate of visibility. RESULTS: A total of 127 patients (53 men; mean age 56.9 years, range 19-90 years) were analyzed for the preparation and detection of lesions (2 patients were not able to swallow the capsule). No difference was observed for cleanliness and visibility between the 2 groups at any of the small-bowel segments; no difference was found for gastric transit time (39.8 minutes vs 35.7 minutes, P = .63), small-bowel transit time (257.5 minutes vs 248.6 minutes, P = .59), and the detection of lesions (35.9% vs 42.8%, P = .54). LIMITATIONS: The evaluation of bowel cleanliness was based on subjective features. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study, despite a significant number of limitations, did not support that small-bowel preparation with oral NaP can be recommended for CE exploration in patients with OGB.

Impact of antireflux operation on columnar-lined esophagus.

BACKGROUND: The effect of antireflux operation on the natural history of columnar-lined esophagus (CLE) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess a single center's experience and review the literature on the impact of antireflux operation on CLE without high-grade dysplasia. STUDY DESIGN: The medical records of 26 patients with CLE but without high-grade dysplasia who underwent antireflux operation in our unit were retrospectively analyzed at longterm followup with detailed endoscopic investigation. Thirteen patients presented with intestinal metaplasia (6 had short segments, and 1 had preoperative laser ablation) and 13 without intestinal metaplasia. For the group of 13 patients presenting with intestinal metaplasia, the mean endoscopic followup was 74.7 months (median 46 months). Three of six with short-segment lesion and two of seven with circumferential involvement had complete regression of intestinal metaplasia (one after laser therapy). None had progression to dysplasia or carcinoma. RESULTS: For the group of 13 patients without intestinal metaplasia, mean endoscopic followup was 43.9 months (median 28 months). One had complete regression of CLE, and none developed intestinal metaplasia during surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that antireflux operation can alter the natural history of CLE, allowing disease stabilization in a substantial proportion of patients. After antireflux operation, total regression of CLE is possible, but in an unpredictable manner.

[Chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: multivariate analysis of survival prognostic factors after the first session]. / Chimio-embolisation des carcinomes hépatocellulaires: analyse multivariée des facteurs pronostiques de survie après la première séance.

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine whether simple routine parameters evaluating the first session of transarterial chemoembolization (variation in alfa-fetoprotein concentration, tumor lipiodol uptake, and post-embolization syndrome) can predict survival of patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Seventy-two patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization and evaluated one month after the first sessions with CT scan were included. Transarterial chemoembolization session included hepatic arteriography, lipiodol and doxorubicin (50 mg) emulsion injection, followed by gelatin sponge embolization. The following variables were studied in univariate and multivariate analysis: 6 recorded at the first session (age, cirrhosis etiology, Child-Pugh class, tumor number, largest lesion size, and alpha-fetoprotein concentration), and 5 recorded after the first session (variation in alfa-fetoprotein concentration, tumor lipiodol uptake, post-embolization syndrome, mean interval between each session, and associated treatment). RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 22.7 months (4-106). Mean survival was 30.4 months (95% CI: 23. 3-37.5). Actuarial survival at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years was respectively 65.5%, 44%, 29.5%, and 18%. The only independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis were the Child Pugh class and the mean interval between sessions (P<0.001 and<0.01 respectively). None of our criteria evaluating the first TACE session significantly influenced survival. CONCLUSION: The 3 parameters (variation in alpha-fetoprotein concentration, tumor lipiodol uptake and post-embolization syndrome) after the first transarterial chemoembolization did not predict survival. They could not be used to determine which patient could benefit from repeated transarterial chemoembolization sessions.

[Squamous cell carcinoma of the celiac area. Report of a case and review of the literature]. / Carcinome épidermoïde primitif coeliaque.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas or of the stomach is rare and represents a controversial entity. The unusual case of a 50-year-old woman with a large squamous cell carcinoma located in the celiac area and involving liver, stomach and pancreas, is reported here. The patient underwent complete surgical resection. The microscopic diagnosis was well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma without glandular structure. Following the procedure, search for another possible primary lesion (esophagus, anus, colon, lung, head and neck, pelvic floor) was performed. This search was negative. In this context, final diagnosis was primary gastric or pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma. Local recurrence located in the eso-jejunal anastomosis was discovered three years later. Subsequent radiation combined with chemotherapy was instituted, allowing complete remission. During the subsequent 27-month follow-up, no local or systemic recurrence was observed. Pathogenesis of gastric as well as pancreatic primary squamous cell carcinoma remains obscure and controversial. These tumors usually have a very poor prognosis with rapid vascular and lymphatic involvement. Nevertheless, favorable outcome seems possible, as exhibited in our patient.