ABSTRACT
Amyloidosis is a complex multisystem disorder characterized by deposition of an aberrant protein in tissues and results in disruption of the normal organ function. Localized amyloidosis is a rare disorder. It commonly affects the head-and-neck region, and only 4% of these lesions are encountered in the orbital region. Hence, conjunctival amyloidosis is a very rare entity. It is thought to be a manifestation of local immunologic disorders. Amyloidosis of conjunctiva is more often localized with no other systemic features. Here, we present two cases of unilateral conjunctival amyloidosis, one with extensive calcification. Conjunctival amyloidosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of conjunctival neoplasms. Histopathological examination and apple-green birefringence on polarized microscopy with Congo red stain remain the gold standard for diagnosing this entity.
ABSTRACT
Traditional telepathology techniques like whole slide imaging and robotic microscopy are too expensive to be used in developing countries. With the advent of smartphones with high-resolution cameras and faster internet services, it is now possible to send good-quality images to pathologist for diagnosis. To study the utility of WhatsApp image transfer in the histopathological diagnosis of common oral malignant and benign lesions. A total of 100 cases of oral biopsy were included in the study. These comprised of 58 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 33 cases of oral leukoplakia, 3 cases of oral lichen planus and 6 cases of moderate to severe dysplasia. The conventional microscopy diagnosis made by glass slide viewing was taken as the gold standard and the concordance of the WhatsApp diagnosis with the gold standard was calculated for each category of diagnosis and also for all the 100 cases. The concordance rate for squamous cell carcinoma was 96.6%(56/58). For leukoplakia, there was 100%(33/33) concordance between the WhatsApp diagnosis and conventional microscopy. The concordance rates for dysplasia (4/6) and oral lichen planus (2/3) were 66.7% each. Hence, for all the categories taken together, the overall concordance rate was 95%. A concordance rate of 95% is very encouraging; however, for routine diagnostic use in telepathology, there is still a long way to go. With the availability of better smartphone cameras and faster internet, it will be possible to send better quality images in the future. The pathologists will also learn where to draw the line and ask for glass slides for final diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Brenner tumors of ovary are usually an incidental finding. It is an uncommon tumor which is seen affecting women of fifth to sixth decade. It is classified under transitional cell tumors of ovary, which includes benign, borderline, and malignant Brenner tumors and transitional cell carcinoma. These tumors have been associated with synchronous and metachronous neoplasia, most commonly other ovarian epithelial tumors such as mucinous cystadenoma. Occasionally, these tumors may be associated with endometrial hyperplasia or carcinomas which are due to hormones elaborated by the stromal component of Brenner tumor. The hormone produced is estrogen and less commonly androgens, which alters the estrogen and progesterone levels, causing hyperstimulation of endometrium. We present a case of 50-year-old postmenopausal women who presented with coexisting incidental Brenner tumor with leiomyoma and Endometrial adenocarcinoma. Only few authors have reported similar tumor occurrence in the past.
Subject(s)
Brenner Tumor/diagnosis , Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Leiomyoma/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis , Biopsy , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Placenta is an organ that is responsible for nourishing and protecting the fetus during pregnancy. Histologic examination of the placenta can yield significant information about pre-uterine and uterine conditions affecting fetal growth. Chorangiosis is defined as the presence of ≥10 terminal villi, each containing ≥10 capillaries per terminal villus in ≥10 low power (×10) fields in at least 3 or more random, non-infarcted cotyledons of the placenta. Chorangiosis is an adaptive response to in-utero hypoxia and its presence signifies better pregnancy outcomes. Abnormalities that lead to multiple cord vessels are rare with the majority of reported cases highlighting four vessels due to a persistent right umbilical vein. We report here a case of chorangiosis of placenta associated with a rare 5-vessel umbilical cord and omphalomesenteric duct remnant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to document such an association.
