Promising Role of Silk-Based Biomaterials for Ocular-Based Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering.

Silk is a wonderful biopolymer that has a long history of medical applications. Surgical cords and medically authorised human analogues made of silk have a long history of use in management. We describe the use of silk in the treatment of eye diseases in this review by looking at the usage of silk fibroin for eye-related drug delivery applications and medication transfer to the eyes. During this ancient art endeavour, a reduced engineering project that employed silk as a platform for medicine delivery or a cell-filled matrix helped reignite interest. With considerable attention, this study explores the present usage of silk in ocular-based drug delivery. This paper also examines emerging developments with the use of silk as a biopolymer for the treatment of eye ailments. As treatment options for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and other retinal diseases and degenerations are developed, the trans-scleral route of drug delivery holds great promise for the selective, sustained-release delivery of these novel therapeutic compounds. We should expect a swarm of silk-inspired materials to enter clinical testing and use on the surface as the secrets of silk are unveiled. This article finishes with a discussion on potential silk power, which adds to better ideas and enhanced ocular medicine delivery.

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Disease Prevention: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Implications for the Healthcare Workforce.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as one of the extremely effective and promising scientific tools available to mankind. AI and its associated innovations are becoming more popular in industry and culture, and they are starting to show up in healthcare. Numerous facets of healthcare, as well as regulatory procedures within providers, payers, and pharmaceutical companies, may be transformed by these innovations. As a result, the purpose of this review is to identify the potential machine learning applications in the field of infectious diseases and the general healthcare system. The literature on this topic was extracted from various databases, such as Google, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The articles having important information were selected for this review. The most challenging task for AI in such healthcare sectors is to sustain its adoption in daily clinical practice, regardless of whether the programs are scalable enough to be useful. Based on the summarized data, it has been concluded that AI can assist healthcare staff in expanding their knowledge, allowing them to spend more time providing direct patient care and reducing weariness. Overall, we might conclude that the future of "conventional medicine" is closer than we realize, with patients seeing a computer first and subsequently a doctor.

A Concise Review on Taro Mucilage: Extraction Techniques, Chemical Composition, Characterization, Applications, and Health Attributes.

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is an important source of carbohydrates as an energy source and is used as a staple food throughout the world. It is rich in mucilage and starch granules, making it a highly digestible ingredient. Mucilage can act as a matrix and a thickening, binding, emulsifying, or foaming agent in food, pharmaceutical, and several other fields of research. Moreover, mucilage can be extracted from several living organisms and has excellent functional properties, such as water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities. Therefore, these remarkable functional properties make mucilage a promising ingredient with possible industrial applications. Furthermore, several extraction techniques, including enzyme-assisted, ultrasonication, microwave-assisted, aquatic, and solvent extraction methods, are used to obtain quantitative amounts of taro mucilage. Coldwater extraction with ethanol precipitation can be considered an effective and cost-effective technique to obtain high-quality mucilage with suitable industrial applications, whereas the ultrasonication method is more expensive but results in a higher amount of mucilage than other emerging techniques. Mucilage can also be used as a fat replacer or reducer, dye remover, coating agent, and antioxidating agent. Therefore, in this review, we detail the key properties related to the extraction techniques, chemical composition, and characterization of taro mucilage, along with its suitable applications and health benefits.

Skeletal muscle relaxant activity of different formulation of span 60 niosomes / Actividad relajante del músculo esquelético de diferentes formulaciones de niosomas span 60

Introduction: Spasticity is a disease of motor neurons that manifests as accelerated muscle tone and stiffness. The niosomes can be formulated with the aid of proper adjustment of process parameters to enhance baclofen entrapment and sustaining the drug release. Method: The main purpose of this study is to compare different formulations of span 60 niosomes containing baclofen for skeletal muscle relaxant activity on mice (Swiss albino mice) by rota rod method. Results: The particle size of formulated niosomes was in the range of 3.62±0.54-4.08±0.64 µm and these were smooth, circular fit and generally small multilamellar. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was 88.44±0.28 %. The most extreme % cumulative drug release was 87.88±8.66% after 10 h. The formulation stored at 4±2 °C temperature shows better stability (96.65±0.45) contrasted with raised temperature. Swiss albino mice were utilized for in vivo study and displayed improved muscle relaxant action as far as no. of tumbles from rota rod apparatus (p value =0.001) are concerned. Conclusions: Nonetheless, diazepam treated mice were observed to have higher muscle relaxation than any dose of formulation tested. The formulation F9 shows better skeletal muscle relaxant activity as compared to F6, F7, F8 and F10 on mice (Swiss albino mice) by the rota rod technique. (AU)

Introducción: La espasticidad es una enfermedad de las neuronas motoras que se manifiesta como aceleración del tono muscular y rigidez. Los niosomas se pueden formular con la ayuda de un ajuste adecuado de los parámetros del proceso para mejorar el atrapamiento del baclofeno y mantener la liberación del fármaco. Método: El objetivo principal de este estudio es comparar diferentes formulaciones de niosomas span 60 que contienen baclofeno para la actividad relajante del músculo esquelético en ratones (ratones albinos suizos) mediante el método de rota rod. Resultados: El tamaño de partícula de los niosomas formulados estaba en el rango de 3,62 ± 0,54-4,08 ± 0,64 µm y eran suaves, de ajuste circular y generalmente multilaminares pequeños. La eficiencia de atrapamiento de la formulación optimizada fue 88,44 ± 0,28%. El porcentaje de liberación acumulada de fármaco más extremo fue 87,88 ± 8,66% después de 10 h. La formulación almacenada a una temperatura de 4 ± 2 ° C muestra una mejor estabilidad (96,65 ± 0,45) en comparación con la temperatura elevada. Se utilizaron ratones albinos suizos para el estudio in vivo y mostraron una acción relajante muscular mejorada hasta donde no. de caídas desde el aparato de varilla de rotación (valor de p = 0,001). Conclusiones: No obstante, se observó que los ratones tratados con diazepam tenían una mayor relajación muscular que cualquier dosis de formulación probada. La formulación F9 muestra una mejor actividad relajante del músculo esquelético en comparación con F6, F7, F8 y F10 en ratones (ratones albinos suizos) mediante la técnica de rota rod. (AU)

Silk fibroin as a natural polymeric based bio-material for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems-A review.

The silk fibroin (SF) prepared by Bombyx mori silkworms is one of the mainly abundant natural fiber and can be obtained simply and economically. SF as bio-material has superior bio-compatibility and bio-degradability. The current review provides an inclusive outline of up to date and novel developments on SF as bio-material based applications in tissue engineering and various drug delivery. SF as bio-materials was comprehensively reviewed, demonstrating the characteristics and applications of SF bio-materials in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. Convenient regeneration, superb bio-compatibility, significant mechanical properties and versatile bio-degradability of SF has been investigated for the preparation of a range of articles such as films, spongy matrices, hydrogels, etc., and has been examined for use in a choice of tissue engineering utilization. Also, SF nanoparticles have been effectively designed and are competent to manage the release rate of biomolecules in a continuous approach with high stability. Therefore, the present review comprehensively covered the advancement made on SF based drug delivery, in vitro engineering and rejuvenation determines possibilities for additional progress in these areas.

Surface modified dendrimers: synthesis and characterization for cancer targeted drug delivery.

Dendrimers represents a highly branched three-dimensional structure that provides a high degree of surface functionality and versatility. PAMAM dendrimers are used as well-defined nanocontainers to conjugate, complex or encapsulate therapeutic drugs or imaging moieties. Star-burst [PAMAM] dendrimers represent a superior carrier platform for drug delivery. The present study was aimed at synthesis of a surface modified dendrimer for cancer targeted drug delivery system. For this 4.0 G PAMAM dendrimer was conjugated with Gallic acid [GA] and characterized through UV, IR, ¹H NMR and mass spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity study of dendrimer conjugate was carried out against MCF-7 cell line using MTT assay. The study revealed that the conjugate is active against MCF-7 cell line and might act synergistically with anti-cancer drug and gallic acid-dendrimer conjugate might be a promising nano-platform for cancer targeting and cancer diagnosis.