ABSTRACT
In western Cameroon, edible fruits and seeds from the plant Dichrostachys glomerata are commonly used as spices. Extract from the fruit pods has been reported as a good natural source of antioxidants and may provide health benefits. The objective of the present study was to investigate potential adverse effects, if any, of D. glomerata fruit pod extract (Dyglomera™) in a subchronic toxicity study and in genotoxicity studies. In the toxicity study, Sprague Dawley rats (20/sex/group) were gavaged with D. glomerata extract at dose levels of 0, 100, 1000 and 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 90-days. Dyglomera™ administration did not result in mortality or show treatmentrelated changes in clinical signs of toxicity, body weights, body weight gain or feed consumption. Similarly, no toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in hematological, clinical chemistry, urine analysis parameters, and organ weights were noted. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations did not reveal treatment-related abnormalities. Mutagenic and clastogenic potentials as evaluated by Ames assay, in vitro and in vivo chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus test did not reveal any genotoxicity of the extract. The results of subchronic toxicity study supports the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for D. glomerata extract as 2500 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.
Subject(s)
Fabaceae/chemistry , Mutagenicity Tests/methods , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Toxicity Tests, Subchronic/methods , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Cameroon , Chromosome Aberrations , Eating/drug effects , Female , Male , Micronucleus Tests , No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level , Organ Size/drug effects , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Salmonella typhimurium/geneticsABSTRACT
African Bush Mango from Irvingia gabonensis is a West African culinary fruit and the mucilage from this fruit seed is used to make traditional soups and sauces. Extract from the kernel (IGOB131) has been claimed for its health benefits. In the present investigations, potential adverse effects, if any, of IGOB131 were investigated in dose-response 90-day study and genotoxicity studies. In the subchronic study, Sprague Dawley rats (20/sex/group) were gavaged with I. gabonensis extract (IGOB131) at dose levels of 0, 100, 1000 and 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 90-days. No treatment-related changes in clinical signs, functional observations, mortality, ophthalmologic observations, body weights, body weight gain or feed consumption were noted. Similarly, hematological, clinical chemistry, urine analysis parameters, and organ weights did not reveal any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes. No treatment-related macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities were noted at the end of treatment period. The mutagenicity as evaluated by Ames assay, in vitro and in vivo chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus assay did not reveal any genotoxicity of IGOB131. The results of subchronic toxicity study suggest the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for I. gabonensis extract (IGOB131) as ≥ 2500 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.
Subject(s)
Cellulose/chemistry , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , CHO Cells , Chromosome Aberrations , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Mutagenicity Tests , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Toxicity Tests, SubchronicABSTRACT
Cissus quadrangularis has been used for centuries for therapeutic and culinary purposes. Extract from this plant (CQR-300) has been claimed for its health benefits. The objective of present investigation was to delineate adverse effects, if any, of CQR-300 in subchronic toxicity, and gentotoxicity studies. In the subchronic study, Sprague Dawley rats (20/sex/group) were administered (gavage) C. quadrangularis extract (CQR-300) at dose levels of 0, 100, 1000, and 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 90 days. No treatment related clinical signs of toxicity, mortality or changes in body weights, body weight gain or food consumption were noted. Functional observation tests and ophthalmological examination did not reveal any changes. No toxicologically significant treatment related changes in hematological, clinical chemistry, urine analysis parameters, and organ weights were noted. No treatment related macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities were noted at the end of treatment period. The results of mutagenicity studies as evaluated by Ames assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration and in vivo micronucleus assay did not reveal any genotoxicity of CQR-300. Based on the subchronic study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for C. quadrangularis extract (CQR-300) determined as 2500 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.
